Etomidate

Summary

Etomidate (CHEMBL681) is an approved small-molecule intravenous anaesthetic (ATC N01AX07); indicated across 3 conditions including hypertensive disorder and stroke disorder.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: N01AX07
• Indications: 3 conditions
• Clinical trials: 54
• Chemistry: 244.29 Da · C14H16N2O2

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL681
Name	Etomidate
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	667484
ChEBI	CHEBI:4910
ATC	N01AX07
Molecular formula	C14H16N2O2
Molecular weight	244.29
InChIKey	NPUKDXXFDDZOKR-LLVKDONJSA-N

SMILES: CCOC(=O)C1=CN=CN1[C@H](C)C2=CC=CC=C2

IUPAC name: ethyl 3-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]imidazole-4-carboxylate

ChEBI definition: The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): intravenous anaesthetic, sedative.

Also known as: Amidate, Etomidate, Etomidato, Hypnomidate, NSC-759160, R(+)-etomidate, etomidate, R-etomidate, ETOMIDATE, R-Etomidate, EtomidateÊ, EtomidateÂ

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL5434355

Patent coverage: 2,296 distinct patent families (8,462 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 8 (assay-derived). Sample: Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial, Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1, GABA-A receptor; alpha-1/beta-2/gamma-2, Acetylcholine receptor, GABA A receptor alpha-2/beta-2/gamma-2, Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha1/beta1/gamma/delta, Bile salt export pump.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 11 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 16 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
CYP11B2	10	IC50	0.1	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_10835566
CYP11B2	10	IC50	0.1	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_5151178
CYP11B1	9.3	IC50	0.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_10835521
CYP11B1	9.3	IC50	0.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_15030785
CYP11B1	9.3	IC50	0.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_3123783
CYP11B1	9.3	IC50	0.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_5151182
CYP11B2	8.77	IC50	1.7	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_15030738
CYP11B2	8.77	IC50	1.7	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_3123830
GABRA1	5.92	EC50	1200	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_723088
GABRA1	5.6	EC50	2500	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_723094
GABRG2	5.46	EC50	3500	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1501255

Target pathways

No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).

Indications & clinical

Indications

3 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
hypertensive disorder	3	MONDO:0005044	EFO:0000537
stroke disorder	3	MONDO:0005098	EFO:0000712
respiratory failure	2	MONDO:0021113	EFO:0009686

Clinical trials

Total trials: 54.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE4	28
Not specified	20
PHASE3	2
PHASE2/PHASE3	1
PHASE2	1
PHASE1	1
EARLY_PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT04934683	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	The GUARDIAN Trial - Induction Agent Sub-Study
NCT06068764	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Etomidate Versus Propofol in CABG Surgery
NCT00415701	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Etomidate on Hemodynamics and Adrenocortical Function After Cardiac Surgery
NCT00440102	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Ketamine Versus Etomidate During Rapid Sequence Intubation: Consequences on Hospital Morbidity
NCT00451776	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post Operative Hemodynamic Function After Anesthetic Induction With Etomidate for Cardiac Surgery With ECC
NCT01386229	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	A Comparison of Etomidate and Ketamine for Anesthesia Induction in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
NCT01495949	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Cortisol Levels During Cardiac Surgery. The Comparison Between Etomidate and Thiopentone
NCT01792037	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Single Dose of Etomidate and Adrenal Cortex
NCT01823328	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Ketamine Versus Etomidate for Rapid Sequence Intubation
NCT02013986	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effects of Etomidate on Postoperative Circadian Rhythm Changes of Salivary Cortisol in Children
NCT02027311	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Etomidate vs. Midazolam for Sedation During ERCP
NCT02147678	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	A Comparison Between Propofol and Etomidate in Hysteroscopy on Effect of Postoperative Sedation and Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients
NCT02174120	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	The Application of Target Controlled Infusion of Etomidate Combined With Propofol in the Maintenance of Anesthesia During Brain Surgeries
NCT02182648	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Bispectral Index Guiding Etomidate Used in Children Aged 3 to 10 for Clinical Anesthesia Induction
NCT02186990	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Etomidate, Propofol and Etomidate-propofol Combination in Terms of Effects on Haemodynamic Response to Intubation
NCT02202239	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effect of Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia With Etomidate on Hemodynamics and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Patients
NCT02208596	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	The Feasibility of Different Doses of Etomidate Admixed With Propofol in Induced Abortion: A Randomized, Double Blind Controlled Trial
NCT02224443	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effects of Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Hypertensive Patients
NCT02500225	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison the Effects of Etomidate and Sevoflurane During Electroconvulsive Therapy
NCT02518789	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effects and Mechanism of Pretreatment With Dexmedetomidine to Etomidate Induce Myoclonus
NCT02643381	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Etomidate Versus Ketamine for Emergency Endotracheal Intubation: a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
NCT02644980	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Target Controlled Infusion of Etomidate or Propofol for Anesthesia of Thoracoscopic Mitral Valve Replacement Surgery
NCT02924090	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Hyperventilation Combined With Etomidate or Ketamine Anesthesia in ECT Treatment of Major Depression
NCT03545503	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluating the Hemodynamic Effects of Ketamine Versus Etomidate During Rapid Sequence Intubation
NCT03820388	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Etomidate Plus Propofol, Etomidate Alone on Induction of Anesthesia
NCT05223907	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Maintenance of Etomidate in General Anesthesia
NCT05277896	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized Trial of Sedative Choice for Intubation
NCT06664138	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Remimazolam and Etomidate As Induction Agents for Electroconvulsive Treatment
NCT01248234	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Does Administration of Etomidate and Propofol of the Anesthetic Induction of Elderly Hypertensive Patient Provide Superior Blood Pressure Stability in Response to Direct Laryngoscopy When Compared to Propofol or Etomidate Alone?
NCT02105415	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Ketamine / Propofol Admixture Ketofol at Induction in the Critically Ill Against Etomidate: KEEP PACE Trial
NCT02822144	PHASE3	COMPLETED	General Anesthesia Versus Sedation During Intra-arterial Treatment for Stroke
NCT00248729	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Effectiveness and Safety Study of Etomidate Versus Midazolam to Help Place a Breathing Tube Outside of the Hospital.
NCT04054063	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Study Evaluating Safety, Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of HSK3486 and Etomidate for Induction of Anesthesia in Healthy Male Subjects
NCT07012902	EARLY_PHASE1	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Relationship Between Remimazolam and Etomidate in Induction of General Anesthesia
NCT06179485	Not specified	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Effect of Ketamine and Etomidate During RSI on Long Term Outcomes
NCT07062601	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Etomidate and Esketamine on Postoperative Pain After Tonsillectomy Undergoing Children
NCT00441792	Not specified	COMPLETED	The Effect of Etomidate on Patient Outcomes After Single Bolus Doses
NCT00938990	Not specified	WITHDRAWN	The Effect of Etomidate on Outcomes of Trauma Patients
NCT01729897	Not specified	COMPLETED	Etomidate Emulsion for Sedation in Patients Scheduled for Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy
NCT02066077	Not specified	COMPLETED	The Efficacy And Cognitive Impairment Of Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.

Related molecules

Related molecules

No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).