Fenoldopam

Summary

Fenoldopam (CHEMBL588) is an approved small-molecule dopaminergic antagonist (ATC C01CA19) targeting DRD1 and DRD4; indicated across 5 conditions including cardiovascular disorder and acute kidney injury.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: C01CA19
• Targets: 2 (DRD1, DRD4)
• Indications: 5 conditions
• Clinical trials: 11
• Chemistry: 305.75 Da · C16H16ClNO3

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL588
Name	Fenoldopam
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	no
PubChem CID	3341
ChEBI	CHEBI:5002
ATC	C01CA19
Molecular formula	C16H16ClNO3
Molecular weight	305.75
InChIKey	TVURRHSHRRELCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: C1CNCC(C2=CC(=C(C(=C21)Cl)O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O

IUPAC name: 9-chloro-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): dopaminergic antagonist, vasodilator agent, α-adrenergic agonist, dopamine agonist, antihypertensive agent.

Also known as: Carlacor, Fenoldopam, SK&F-82526, SK-82526, SID26752227, SID90340762, SID104171160, SID50104923, fenoldopam, SID144203703, SID170465321, FENOLDOPAM

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1026, CHEMBL1256646

Patent coverage: 1,667 distinct patent families (6,729 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 6,652 (99%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
DRD1	D1 receptor	Full agonist	7.9	0%	P21728
DRD4	D4 receptor	Full agonist	6.5	0%	P21917

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 19 (assay-derived). Sample: Lysine-specific demethylase 4E, ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q1, 4’-phosphopantetheinyl transferase ffp, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B, Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor, D(1A) dopamine receptor, Adrenergic receptor alpha-1, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A, D(2) dopamine receptor, Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 33 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 37 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
DRD1	9.7	AC50	0.2	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25180792
P18901	8.91	Ki	1.23	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_583766
DRD1	8.55	EC50	2.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_19114909
P18901	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_993141
P61169	7.88	Ki	13.18	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_583767
DRD1	7.58	AC50	26.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25115535
DRD1	7.55	Kd	28	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_661996
DRD1	7.5	EC50	31.7	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_19114891
P29276	7.45	Ki	35.48	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_583769
DRD1	7.4	Ki	40	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_473554
P18901	7.24	EC50	57	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_756797
DRD1	7.03	AC50	94	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25115865
ADRA2A	6.88	AC50	130.3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25156754
ADRA1D	6.82	Ki	151.4	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_583768
HTR2B	6.61	AC50	245.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25201790
SLC6A4	6.48	AC50	334.1	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25151652
HTR1A	6.36	AC50	437.9	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25165349
DRD3	6.18	AC50	660	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25193805
P20288	6.1	Ki	790	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_993142
DRD2	6.09	Ki	810	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_473555
KDM1A	6.05	IC50	890	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_24974201
P61169	5.89	Kd	1300	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_184539
DRD3	5.87	AC50	1366	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25194838
P20288	5.8	IC50	1580	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_756795
P61169	5.72	Kd	1900	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_184542
KDM4E	5.72	Ki	1920	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_6260569
P61169	5.57	Kd	2700	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_184541
KDM4E	5.52	IC50	3000	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_14927424
DRD2	5.42	AC50	3800	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25140616
SLC6A2	5.32	AC50	4817	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25146325

Target pathways

Aggregated over 2 target gene(s): DRD1, DRD4.

Top Reactome pathways

3 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Dopamine receptors	2	DRD1, DRD4
G alpha (s) signalling events	1	DRD1
G alpha (i) signalling events	1	DRD4

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
behavioral fear response	2
response to amphetamine	2
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	2
regulation of dopamine metabolic process	2
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	2
behavioral response to cocaine	2
phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway	2
synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	2
signal transduction	2
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	2
temperature homeostasis	1
conditioned taste aversion	1
protein import into nucleus	1
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

5 indications (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
cardiovascular disorder	4	MONDO:0004995	EFO:0000319
acute kidney injury	3	MONDO:0002492	HP:0001919
kidney failure	3	MONDO:0001106	EFO:1002048
chronic kidney disease	2	MONDO:0005300	MONDO:0024327
hypertensive disorder	1	MONDO:0005044	EFO:0000537

Clinical trials

Total trials: 11.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE3	3
PHASE4	2
PHASE2	2
Not specified	2
PHASE2/PHASE3	1
PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01073189	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Intra-Renal Therapy of Diuretic Unresponsive Acute Kidney Injury
NCT01690832	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Fenoldopam for Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury
NCT00557219	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Fenoldopam and Ketanserin for Acute Kidney Failure Prevention After Cardiac Surgery
NCT00621790	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Fenoldopam and Acute Renal Failure
NCT00982527	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Fenoldopam in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
NCT02620761	PHASE2/PHASE3	TERMINATED	Fenoldopam to Prevent Renal Dysfunction in Indomethacin Treated Preterm Infants
NCT00122018	PHASE2	COMPLETED	An Investigation of N-acetylcysteine and Fenoldopam as Renal Protection Agents for Cardiac Surgery
NCT00467181	PHASE2	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study to Investigate Fenoldopam Usage in the Prevention of Postoperative Renal Dysfunction in Patients at a High Risk for Renal Impairment During Cariopulmonary Bypass for Cardiac Surgery
NCT00592150	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Effect of Gene Variants on Dopamine Receptor Natriuretic Responses
NCT00743106	Not specified	TERMINATED	The Effect of Fenoldopam in Solitary Partial Nephrectomy Surgery
NCT01324245	Not specified	COMPLETED	Intervention Study to Compare the Natriuretic Effects of Enalapril on Low and High Salt Diet

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

376 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
DESLORATADINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
DIHYDROERGOTAMINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
PALIPERIDONE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
Pramipexole	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
AMIODARONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
AMITRIPTYLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
AMOXAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
APOMORPHINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
ARIPIPRAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
ASENAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
ASTEMIZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
BENPERIDOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
BREXPIPRAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
BROMOCRIPTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
CABERGOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
CARIPRAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
CARVEDILOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
CHLORPROMAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
CLOTRIMAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
CLOZAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
DISULFIRAM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
DOBUTAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
DOPAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
DOXEPIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
EBASTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
ECONAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
FLUPHENAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
HALOPERIDOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
ILOPERIDONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
IMIPRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
KETANSERIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
LOPERAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
LOXAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
LUMATEPERONE TOSYLATE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
MECLIZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
MIANSERIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
MICONAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
NEFAZODONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
OLANZAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
PERGOLIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
PIMOZIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
PRAZOSIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
PROCHLORPERAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
PROMAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
PROMETHAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
QUETIAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
RISPERIDONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
ROPINIROLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
ROTIGOTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
SERTINDOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
SILODOSIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
SULPIRIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
SUNITINIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
TAMOXIFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
TEGASEROD	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
THIORIDAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
THIOTHIXENE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
TICLOPIDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
TRAZODONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4
ZIPRASIDONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	DRD1, DRD4