Fenoterol
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Also known as AirumBerodualBerodual nBerotecBerotec 100Berotec 200DosberotecDuoventFenoterol hbrFenoterol hydrobromideNSC-757811PartusistenTH 1165ATH 1165A FREE BASETH 1165A [AS HYDROBROMIDE SALT]TH-1165TH-1165ATH-1165A FREE BASESID90340690
Summary
Fenoterol (CHEMBL32800) is an approved small-molecule bronchodilator agent (ATC G02CA03) targeting ADRB1, ADRB2, and ADRB3; indicated across 4 conditions including obstructive lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: G02CA03 (+2 more)
- Targets: 3 (ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3)
- Indications: 4 conditions
- Clinical trials: 8
- Chemistry: 303.35 Da · C17H21NO4
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL32800 |
| Name | Fenoterol |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | no |
| PubChem CID | 3343 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:149226 |
| ATC | G02CA03, R03CC04, R03AC04 |
| Molecular formula | C17H21NO4 |
| Molecular weight | 303.35 |
| InChIKey | LSLYOANBFKQKPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
SMILES: CC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NCC(C2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O
IUPAC name: 5-[1-hydroxy-2-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
ChEBI definition: A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A β2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): bronchodilator agent, sympathomimetic agent, β-adrenergic agonist, tocolytic agent.
Also known as: Airum, Berodual, Berodual n, Berotec, Berotec 100, Berotec 200, Dosberotec, Duovent, Fenoterol, Fenoterol hbr, Fenoterol hydrobromide, NSC-757811
Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL537445
Patent coverage: 5,441 distinct patent families (22,663 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).
| Gene | Target | Action | pAffinity | Cancer dependency | UniProt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADRB1 | β1-adrenoceptor | Agonist | 5 | 0% | P08588 |
| ADRB2 | β2-adrenoceptor | Agonist | 8.9 | 0.4% | P07550 |
| ADRB3 | β3-adrenoceptor | Full agonist | 5.4 | 0.1% | P13945 |
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 14 (assay-derived). Sample: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor, Beta-1 adrenergic receptor, Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A, Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter, Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, Mu-type opioid receptor, Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter, Beta-3 adrenergic receptor.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 17 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 26 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADRB2 | 9.61 | EC50 | 0.25 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25590160 |
| ADRB1 | 7.96 | EC50 | 10.96 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25590145 |
| Q8K4Z4 | 7.75 | EC50 | 18 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_1926696 |
| Q8K4Z4 | 7.72 | EC50 | 19 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_1926727 |
| ADRB3 | 7.66 | EC50 | 21.88 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25590175 |
| ADRB2 | 7.55 | AC50 | 28.1 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25233619 |
| Q8K4Z4 | 7.22 | IC50 | 60 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_144054 |
| ADRB2 | 7 | Kd | 100 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_13449571 |
| ADRB2 | 6.9 | Ki | 126 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_13492813 |
| ADRB2 | 6.86 | Kd | 139 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_13492820 |
| ADRB2 | 6.7 | AC50 | 200 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25122937 |
| ADRA1A | 5.81 | AC50 | 1550 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25229872 |
| HTR2A | 5.47 | AC50 | 3396 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25173650 |
| ADRA1A | 5.45 | AC50 | 3535 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25137985 |
| SLC6A4 | 5.38 | AC50 | 4201 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25151525 |
| ADRB1 | 5.22 | AC50 | 6000 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25121858 |
| MC3R | 5 | AC50 | 9900 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25183480 |
Target pathways
Aggregated over 3 target gene(s): ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3.
Top Reactome pathways
16 total, by targets touching each:
| Pathway | Targets | Genes |
|---|---|---|
| Signal Transduction | 3 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Signaling by GPCR | 3 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) | 3 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Amine ligand-binding receptors | 3 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| GPCR downstream signalling | 3 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Adrenoceptors | 3 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| G alpha (s) signalling events | 3 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| GPCR ligand binding | 3 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Membrane Trafficking | 1 | ADRB2 |
| Metabolism of proteins | 1 | ADRB2 |
| Vesicle-mediated transport | 1 | ADRB2 |
| Deubiquitination | 1 | ADRB2 |
| Ub-specific processing proteases | 1 | ADRB2 |
| Post-translational protein modification | 1 | ADRB2 |
| Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis | 1 | ADRB2 |
| Clathrin-mediated endocytosis | 1 | ADRB2 |
Dominant GO biological processes
| GO term | Targets |
|---|---|
| diet induced thermogenesis | 3 |
| norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | 3 |
| adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | 3 |
| response to cold | 3 |
| heat generation | 3 |
| negative regulation of multicellular organism growth | 3 |
| positive regulation of MAPK cascade | 3 |
| brown fat cell differentiation | 3 |
| adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | 3 |
| positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis | 3 |
| signal transduction | 3 |
| G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | 3 |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process | 2 |
| adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | 2 |
| negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction | 2 |
Indications & clinical
Indications
4 indications (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| obstructive lung disease | 4 | MONDO:0002267 | HP:0006536 |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 | MONDO:0005002 | EFO:0000341 |
| asthma | 3 | MONDO:0004979 | MONDO:0004979 |
| congestive heart failure | 1 | MONDO:0005009 | EFO:0000373 |
Clinical trials
Total trials: 8.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE4 | 3 |
| PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE1 | 1 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 1 |
| Not specified | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00153075 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Flow Rate Effect Respimat Inhaler Versus a Metered Dose Inhaler Using Berodual in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
| NCT00267917 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of the Respimat Inhaler vs. a HFA MDI Using Berodual in Patients With COPD With Poor MDI Technique. |
| NCT00460577 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Efficacy of Formoterol vs Ipatropioum Bromide Plus Fenoterol in Children (5-<12 Years) With Acute Bronchial Obstruction |
| NCT00274066 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Acute Bronchodilator Response of a Single Dose of Atrovent or Berotec on Top of Pharmacodynamic Steady State of Spiriva |
| NCT01095016 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Meptin® Swinghaler and Berotec N® Metered Aerosol in Mild to Moderate Stable Asthma Patients |
| NCT01440335 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Initial Study of Fenoterol as a Treatment for Heart Failure |
| NCT05294965 | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Beta 2 Adrenergic Stimulation vs Cold Exposure to Activate Human Brown Adipose Tissue |
| NCT05480566 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Functional Strength Training and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Severe Acute Exacerbations of COPD |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline, but PharmGKB curates 0 clinical and 10 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).
Related molecules
Related molecules
Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.
280 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:
| Molecule | Source | Status | Shared targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crizotinib | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Desloratadine | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Dihydroergotamine | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Pramipexole | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| RIFAMPIN | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| TEGASEROD | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| ARIPIPRAZOLE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| BISOPROLOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| BROMOCRIPTINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| CARVEDILOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| CLOTRIMAZOLE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| EPINEPHRINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| FORMOTEROL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| ISOPROTERENOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| LABETALOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| LEVOBUNOLOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| MONTELUKAST | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| NOREPINEPHRINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| PHENYLEPHRINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| PIMOZIDE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| PINDOLOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| PRACTOLOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| PROPAFENONE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| PROPRANOLOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| SALMETEROL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| SOTALOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| TAMOXIFEN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| THIORIDAZINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| TIMOLOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| ALPRENOLOL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| BOPINDOLOL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| CIMATEROL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| FLESTOLOL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| LEVISOPRENALINE | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| LEVOPROPRANOLOL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| MILVETEROL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| RAFABEGRON | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| SOLABEGRON | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| TRETOQUINOL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| XAMOTEROL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| ZENIDOLOL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Alogliptin | PubChem | Approved | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Bosentan | PubChem | Approved | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Fidaxomicin | PubChem | Approved | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Glycopyrrolate | PubChem | Approved | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Linagliptin | PubChem | Approved | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Methotrexate | PubChem | Approved | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Propoxyphene | PubChem | Approved | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Pyrazinamide | PubChem | Approved | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| Tiotropium Bromide Monohydrate | PubChem | Approved | ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| CLOZAPINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| OLANZAPINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| OLODATEROL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2 |
| TAMSULOSIN | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2 |
| ACEBUTOLOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2 |
| ALBUTEROL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2 |
| AMIODARONE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB3 |
| AMITRIPTYLINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2 |
| AMLODIPINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB2, ADRB3 |
| ARFORMOTEROL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ADRB1, ADRB2 |
Related Atlas pages
- Genes: ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3
- Diseases: obstructive lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma
- Drugs: Crizotinib, Desloratadine, Dihydroergotamine, Pramipexole, Rifampin, Tegaserod, Aripiprazole, Bisoprolol, Bromocriptine, Carvedilol, Clotrimazole, Epinephrine, Formoterol, Isoproterenol, Labetalol, Levobunolol, Montelukast, Norepinephrine, Phenylephrine, Pimozide, Pindolol, Practolol, Propafenone, Propranolol, Salmeterol, Sotalol, Tamoxifen, Thioridazine, Timolol, Alogliptin, Bosentan, Fidaxomicin, Glycopyrrolate, Linagliptin, Methotrexate, Propoxyphene, Pyrazinamide, Clozapine, Olanzapine, Olodaterol, Tamsulosin, Acebutolol, Albuterol, Amiodarone, Amitriptyline, Amlodipine, Arformoterol