Fluorescein
drugOn this page
Also known as Acid yellow 73CI 45350:1D & c yellow no. 7 k7133Ki201NSC-667256NSC-759114Yellow 7SID26755297SID29215262SID29216383SID29217839SID48410441SID144207049SID144213816Resorcinolphthalein
Summary
Fluorescein (CHEMBL1057) is an approved small-molecule radioopaque medium (ATC S01JA51); indicated across 4 conditions including brain cancer and breast neoplasm.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: S01JA51 (+1 more)
- Indications: 4 conditions
- Clinical trials: 34
- Chemistry: 332.3 Da · C20H12O5
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1057 |
| Name | Fluorescein |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 16850 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:31624 |
| ATC | S01JA51, S01JA01 |
| Molecular formula | C20H12O5 |
| Molecular weight | 332.3 |
| InChIKey | GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
SMILES: C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)OC23C4=C(C=C(C=C4)O)OC5=C3C=CC(=C5)O
IUPAC name: 3’,6’-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9’-xanthene]-1-one
ChEBI definition: A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): radioopaque medium.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): fluorescent dye.
Also known as: Acid yellow 73, CI 45350:1, D & c yellow no. 7 k7133, Fluorescein, Ki201, NSC-667256, NSC-759114, Yellow 7, fluorescein, SID26755297, SID29215262, SID29216383
Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1200433, CHEMBL1628233
Patent coverage: 108,070 distinct patent families (329,940 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 4 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 329,209 (100%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 17 (assay-derived). Sample: Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1, Microtubule-associated protein tau, ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q1, RecQ-like DNA helicase BLM, Ferritin light chain, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3, Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A, Menin/Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL, Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 14 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 40 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TDP1 | 8.05 | Potency | 8.9 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3929319 |
| TDP1 | 8 | Potency | 10 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3932924 |
| TDP1 | 7.95 | Potency | 11.2 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3934564 |
| TDP1 | 7.8 | Potency | 15.8 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3933991 |
| HTT | 7.5 | Potency | 31.6 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3751675 |
| MAPT | 6.45 | Potency | 354.8 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4066573 |
| MAPT | 6.2 | Potency | 631 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4043655 |
| CYP2C19 | 6.04 | IC50 | 907.4 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7650849 |
| Q8VC69 | 5.53 | Ki | 2951 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_2182606 |
| Q8VC69 | 5.52 | Ki | 3000 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_2182607 |
| FTO | 5.49 | IC50 | 3230 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_24989172 |
| SMAD3 | 5.31 | IC50 | 4890 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4909532 |
| MEN1 | 5 | Potency | 10000 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3620038 |
| MEN1 | 5 | Potency | 10000 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3630591 |
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
4 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| brain cancer | 2 | MONDO:0001657 | MONDO:0001657 |
| breast neoplasm | 1 | MONDO:0021100 | MONDO:0007254 |
| neoplasm | 1 | MONDO:0005070 | MONDO:0004992 |
1 further indication record had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 34.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 21 |
| PHASE3 | 4 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 4 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 2 |
| PHASE2 | 2 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03244982 | PHASE4 | SUSPENDED | Fluorescein Angiography With a Full-dose Versus a Half-dose of Intravenous Fluorescein |
| NCT07356349 | PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Study to Confirm the AuthenTicity of Point of Care Urine samplEs Using Oral fluoreScein Sodium in adulTs With substancE Use Disorder (ATTESTED) |
| NCT01959230 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution in Adult and Geriatric Participants With Ocular Redness |
| NCT01959243 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Safety of Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution in a Population of Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Participants |
| NCT05850520 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Study to Learn How Well a Higher Amount of Aflibercept Given as an Injection Into the Eye Works and How Safe it is in People With Reduced Vision Due to Swelling in the Macula, Central Part of the Retina Caused by a Blocked Vein in the Retina (Macula Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion) |
| NCT02691923 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Diagnostic Performance of Fluorescein as an Intraoperative Brain Tumor Biomarker |
| NCT00847522 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Fluorescein for Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) Biopsy in Patients With Stage I and II Malignant Melanoma |
| NCT01614184 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Fluorescein for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) in Breast Cancer |
| NCT02519920 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Lower Fluorescein Sodium Dose on Confocal Laser Endoscopy Image Quality and Yellow Discoloration of the Skin |
| NCT04008121 | EARLY_PHASE1 | RECRUITING | Feasibility and Safety of MB-102 in Ocular Angiography as Compared to Fluorescein Sodium |
| NCT01384695 | EARLY_PHASE1 | TERMINATED | A Feasibility Study of Confocal Microendoscopy in the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Neoplasia -Project 1 |
| NCT01979003 | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Efficacy of Fluorescein Visualization of the Uterus in Detecting Endometrial Cancer Invasion |
| NCT03297489 | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Intravital Microscopy in Evaluating Patients With Primary Peritoneal, Fallopian Tube, or Stage IA-IV Ovarian Cancer |
| NCT03823144 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Intravital Microscopy in Human Solid Tumors |
| NCT06460142 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Assessing Biomarker in Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatic |
| NCT06500728 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Visual Involvement in Giant Cell Arteritis |
| NCT06760650 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Fluorescein Angiography in Patients With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease |
| NCT07038967 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Non-Center Involving Diabetic Macular Edema Progression in Early Postoperative Period After Phacoemulsification |
| NCT01034670 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Imaging |
| NCT01165697 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Establishment of Biomarkers for Fabry Disease |
| NCT01886235 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Intravital Microscopy for Identifying Tumor Vessels in Patients With Stage IA-IV Melanoma That is Being Removed by Surgery |
| NCT02389530 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Use of Fluorescein Dye for the Removal of Brain Tumors |
| NCT02540135 | Not specified | WITHDRAWN | Fluorescein vs. iMRI in Resection of Malignant High Grade Glioma |
| NCT02547909 | Not specified | WITHDRAWN | The Application of Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in the Diagnosis of Deep Endometriosis |
| NCT02703558 | Not specified | WITHDRAWN | Evaluation of Fluorescein Use During Cystoscopy |
| NCT02717026 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Multimodal Imaging of Retinal Vessels |
| NCT02843438 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Biological Biomarkers Diagnostic of Toxoplasmosis Uveitis |
| NCT02857374 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Intravital Microscopy in Identifying Tumor Vessels in Patients With Stage IB-IIIC Melanoma Undergoing Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy |
| NCT03220711 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Study of Performance of Confocal Endomicroscope With Fluorescein Imaging Agent in the Colon |
| NCT03279939 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Heidelberg Engineering SPECTRALIS With OCT Angiography Module |
| NCT03658551 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis Using Confocal Endoscopy |
| NCT04687488 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Aerosol and Droplet Dispersion During Gastrointestinal Motility Investigations |
| NCT05105620 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Deep Learning for Fluorescein Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography Macular Thickness Map Image Translation |
| NCT05556525 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Needle-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Diagnosis of Lung Cancer in Patients With Peripheral Pulmonary Nodules |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).
Related Atlas pages
No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.