Foscarnet
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Also known as Dihydroxyphosphinecarboxylic acid oxideJ05AD01PhosphonoformatePhosphono-formic acid (PFA)Phosphonoformic acidphosphonoformic acid (PFA)Foscarnet (PFA)ForscarnetFOSCARNET SODIUM
Summary
Foscarnet (CHEMBL666) is an approved small-molecule antiviral drug (ATC J05AD01); indicated across 3 conditions including viral infectious disease and cytomegalovirus retinitis.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: J05AD01
- Indications: 3 conditions
- Clinical trials: 28
- Chemistry: 126.01 Da · CH3O5P
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL666 |
| Name | Foscarnet |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 3415 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:127780 |
| ATC | J05AD01 |
| Molecular formula | CH3O5P |
| Molecular weight | 126.01 |
| InChIKey | ZJAOAACCNHFJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
SMILES: C(=O)(O)P(=O)(O)O
IUPAC name: phosphonoformic acid
ChEBI definition: Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antiviral drug, sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, geroprotector.
Also known as: Dihydroxyphosphinecarboxylic acid oxide, Foscarnet, J05AD01, dihydroxyphosphinecarboxylic acid oxide, Phosphonoformate, Phosphono-formic acid (PFA), foscarnet, Phosphonoformic acid, phosphonoformic acid (PFA), Foscarnet (PFA), phosphonoformic acid, phosphonoformate
Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL754, CHEMBL4063154
Patent coverage: 10,725 distinct patent families (35,417 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 1 (assay-derived). Sample: DNA polymerase catalytic subunit.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 2 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 2 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P08546 | 5.6 | IC50 | 2500 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_1606687 |
| P08546 | 5.6 | IC50 | 2500 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_2029571 |
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
3 indications (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| viral infectious disease | 4 | MONDO:0005108 | EFO:0000763 |
| cytomegalovirus retinitis | 3 | MONDO:0000878 | EFO:1001302 |
| cytomegalovirus infection | 3 | MONDO:0005132 | EFO:0001062 |
Clinical trials
Total trials: 28.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE1 | 7 |
| Not specified | 7 |
| PHASE3 | 5 |
| PHASE2 | 5 |
| PHASE4 | 4 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00002125 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Multicenter Study of Oral Versus Intravenous Hydration in AIDS Patients With CMV Retinitis Treated With Foscavir (Foscarnet Sodium) |
| NCT00002146 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate in Modulating Changes in Symptoms and Divalent Cation Levels Associated With Foscavir Therapy: A Phase IV Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over, Pilot Study |
| NCT02151240 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of Foscarnet Sodium and Sodium Chloride Injection in Patients With Herpes Zoster |
| NCT03004261 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | CMV-CTL for the Treatment of CMV Infection After HSCT |
| NCT00000134 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA)–Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Retreatment Trial (CRRT) |
| NCT00000136 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA)–Foscarnet-Ganciclovir CMV Retinitis Trial (FGCRT) |
| NCT00000985 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Foscarnet Versus Vidarabine in the Treatment of Herpes Infection in Patients With AIDS Who Have Not Had Success With Acyclovir |
| NCT00002145 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Phase III Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Induction Plus Maintenance Foscarnet ( Foscavir ) Therapy for Gastrointestinal CMV Disease |
| NCT02931539 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety Study of Maribavir Treatment Compared to Investigator-assigned Treatment in Transplant Recipients With Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infections That Are Refractory or Resistant to Treatment With Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir, Foscarnet, or Cidofovir |
| NCT00000691 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | A Phase II Dose-Ranging, Open-Labelled Trial of Foscarnet Salvage Therapy for AIDS Patients With Sight-Threatening CMV Retinitis Who Cannot Be Treated With Ganciclovir Due To Myelosuppression or Treatment Failure |
| NCT00000697 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | A Study of Foscarnet in the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) of the Eyes in Patients With AIDS Who Cannot Use Ganciclovir |
| NCT00000766 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | CMV Retinitis Retreatment Trial |
| NCT00001061 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Two Methods in the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus of the Eyes in Patients With AIDS |
| NCT00986557 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | T-Lymphocyte Infusion or Standard Therapy in Treating Patients at Risk of Cytomegalovirus Infection After a Donor Stem Cell Transplant |
| NCT00000726 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Foscarnet Treatment of Serious CMV Retinitis Infection in Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
| NCT00000729 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Multicenter Study To Determine Foscarnet Dose Response in HIV Infected Patients With PGL and/or Constitutional Disease |
| NCT00000856 | PHASE1 | WITHDRAWN | A Phase I/II Pilot Treatment Study Of CSF Penetration And Response To Ganciclovir And Foscarnet In CMV Neurologic Disease. |
| NCT00000964 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | The Effect of Stomach Acid on Foscarnet |
| NCT00000970 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Study of Foscarnet Plus Ganciclovir in the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus of the Eye in Patients With AIDS Who Have Already Been Treated With Ganciclovir |
| NCT00001002 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Study of Foscarnet in the Treatment of HIV Infection in Patients Who Have Taken Zidovudine for a Long Time |
| NCT00002144 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | The Pilot Study of Foscarnet Cream in the Treatment of Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Immunocompromised Patients Unresponsive to Acyclovir Treatment |
| NCT01199562 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Infection Prophylaxis and Management in Treating Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Previously Treated With Donor Stem Cell Transplant |
| NCT00000665 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA) CMV Retinitis Trial: Foscarnet-Ganciclovir Component |
| NCT00002021 | Not specified | COMPLETED | An Open Study of Foscarnet Treatment of Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus in Patients With the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Other Immunodeficiencies |
| NCT00002039 | Not specified | COMPLETED | An Open Study of Foscarnet Treatment First Episode CMV-Retinitis in AIDS Patients |
| NCT00002272 | Not specified | COMPLETED | An Open, Multicenter Study of Foscarnet Treatment of Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus in Patients With the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Other Immunodeficiencies |
| NCT00002301 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | A Study of Foscarnet in the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) of the Eyes in Patients With AIDS Who Have Not Had Success With Ganciclovir |
| NCT00002432 | Not specified | COMPLETED | A Study of Foscarnet in the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) of the Eyes in Patients With AIDS |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).