Galactose

Summary

Galactose (CHEMBL6067641) is a phase-3 clinical-stage small molecule (ATC V04CE01) targeting P2RY14 and GPR17; indicated across 3 conditions including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

At a glance

• Status: Max clinical phase 3 (not approved)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: V04CE01 (+1 more)
• Targets: 2 (P2RY14, GPR17)
• Indications: 3 conditions
• Clinical trials: 15
• Chemistry: 180.16 Da · C6H12O6

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL6067641
Name	Galactose
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	3
FDA approved	no
PubChem CID	3037556
ChEBI	CHEBI:17118
ATC	V04CE01, V08DA02
Molecular formula	C6H12O6
Molecular weight	180.16
InChIKey	GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-KCDKBNATSA-N

SMILES: C([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C=O)O)O)O)O)O

IUPAC name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal

Also known as: D-galactose, Galactose, galactose, SID29217840, SID29215384, SID56320904, GALACTOSE, SID144205225, D-Galactose

Patent coverage: 107,860 distinct patent families (328,790 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
P2RY14	P2Y14 receptor	Full agonist	7	0.4%	Q15391
GPR17	GPR17	Agonist	8.92	1.6%	Q13304

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 1 (assay-derived). Sample: PA-I galactophilic lectin.

Bioactivity

No ChEMBL bioactivity rows at pChembl ≥ 5 (expected for biologics / antibodies).

Target pathways

Aggregated over 2 target gene(s): P2RY14, GPR17.

Top Reactome pathways

4 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
P2Y receptors	2	GPR17, P2RY14
G alpha (i) signalling events	2	GPR17, P2RY14
Leukotriene receptors	1	GPR17
G alpha (q) signalling events	1	GPR17

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	2
signal transduction	2
hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis	1
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway	1
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	1
oligodendrocyte differentiation	1
chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

3 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis	2	MONDO:0100313	EFO:0004236

2 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 15.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
Not specified	11
PHASE1	2
PHASE4	1
PHASE2	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01882218	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Direct Peritoneal Resuscitation Plus Conventional Resuscitation
NCT00814255	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Novel Therapies for Resistant FSGS (FONTII): Phase II Clinical Trial
NCT00816478	PHASE1	TERMINATED	Effect of Oral Galactose on Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) Permeability Factor
NCT00816504	PHASE1	WITHDRAWN	Effect of Galactose on Permeblity Factor in Patients With FSGS and CKD Stage 5
NCT06852612	Not specified	RECRUITING	Dietary Treatment Strategies and Metabolic Control in Glycogen Storage Disease Type I
NCT07599683	Not specified	RECRUITING	Effect of Low Dose Galactose on Glycaemia and Glucose Kinetics
NCT01113385	Not specified	COMPLETED	Oral Galactose in Children With Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome
NCT01771055	Not specified	COMPLETED	Direct Peritoneal Resuscitation Effects in the Damage Control Patient
NCT02528461	Not specified	COMPLETED	Macrophage Activation Markers During Sofosbuvir-based Treatment Regimes of Chronic Hepatitis C
NCT02702765	Not specified	COMPLETED	sCD163 and sMR in Wilsons Disease - Associations With Disease Severity and Fibrosis
NCT02955264	Not specified	COMPLETED	Using D-Galactose as a Food Supplement in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation
NCT03439878	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Galactose Ingestion on Postprandial Lipemia
NCT03903861	Not specified	COMPLETED	Galactose Mediated Glycogen Resynthesis
NCT04833322	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Galactose Supplementation for the Treatment of MOGHE
NCT05986500	Not specified	UNKNOWN	The GALAXY-1 Project

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

8 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 8 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
INDOMETHACIN	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	GPR17
MONTELUKAST	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	GPR17
CANGRELOR TETRASODIUM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	GPR17
PRANLUKAST	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	GPR17
GAVESTINEL	ChEMBL	Phase 2	GPR17
Rizatriptan	PubChem	Approved	GPR17
tryptophan	PubChem	Approved	GPR17
Zileuton	PubChem	Approved	GPR17