Gallamine
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Also known as SID11111237SID26756602SID90341095SID11111238SID124880248GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE
Summary
Gallamine (CHEMBL360055) is an approved small molecule (ATC M03AC02) targeting CHRM2 and CHRNA1.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: M03AC02
- Targets: 2 (CHRM2, CHRNA1)
- Chemistry: 510.8 Da · C30H60N3O3+3
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL360055 |
| Name | Gallamine |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | no |
| PubChem CID | 3450 |
| ATC | M03AC02 |
| Molecular formula | C30H60N3O3+3 |
| Molecular weight | 510.8 |
| InChIKey | OZLPUNFFCJDMJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
SMILES: CC[N+](CC)(CC)CCOC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC)OCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC
IUPAC name: 2-[2,3-bis[2-(triethylazaniumyl)ethoxy]phenoxy]ethyl-triethylazanium
Also known as: Gallamine, SID11111237, SID26756602, SID90341095, SID11111238, SID124880248, GALLAMINE, GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE, gallamine
Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1200993
Patent coverage: 10 distinct patent families (17 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).
| Gene | Target | Action | pAffinity | Cancer dependency | UniProt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHRM2 | M2 receptor | Negative | 6.3 | 0% | P08172 |
| CHRNA1 | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α1 subunit | 6 | 0% | P02708 |
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 12 (assay-derived). Sample: Prelamin-A/C, 4’-phosphopantetheinyl transferase ffp, Thyrotropin receptor, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, Acetylcholinesterase, Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 9 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 17 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P06199 | 6.89 | EC50 | 130 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_1998795 |
| P06199 | 6.88 | EC50 | 131.8 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_1998796 |
| CHRM2 | 5.9 | AC50 | 1270 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25195884 |
| CHRM2 | 5.21 | AC50 | 6200 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25196384 |
| TSHR | 5.2 | Potency | 6310 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3918962 |
| TSHR | 5.2 | Potency | 6310 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4617372 |
| CHRM1 | 5.07 | Ki | 8511 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_12180345 |
| KCNH2 | 5.05 | AC50 | 8989 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25117906 |
| ALOX15 | 5 | Potency | 10000 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4445486 |
Target pathways
Aggregated over 2 target gene(s): CHRM2, CHRNA1.
Top Reactome pathways
20 total, by targets touching each:
| Pathway | Targets | Genes |
|---|---|---|
| Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission | 1 | CHRNA1 |
| Transmission across Chemical Synapses | 1 | CHRNA1 |
| Neuronal System | 1 | CHRNA1 |
| Signal Transduction | 1 | CHRM2 |
| Acetylcholine binding and downstream events | 1 | CHRNA1 |
| Membrane Trafficking | 1 | CHRM2 |
| Signaling by GPCR | 1 | CHRM2 |
| Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) | 1 | CHRM2 |
| Amine ligand-binding receptors | 1 | CHRM2 |
| GPCR downstream signalling | 1 | CHRM2 |
| Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors | 1 | CHRM2 |
| G alpha (i) signalling events | 1 | CHRM2 |
| GPCR ligand binding | 1 | CHRM2 |
| Vesicle-mediated transport | 1 | CHRM2 |
| Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors | 1 | CHRNA1 |
| Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors | 1 | CHRNA1 |
| Highly calcium permeable postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors | 1 | CHRNA1 |
| Highly calcium permeable nicotinic acetylcholine receptors | 1 | CHRNA1 |
| Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis | 1 | CHRM2 |
| Clathrin-mediated endocytosis | 1 | CHRM2 |
Dominant GO biological processes
| GO term | Targets |
|---|---|
| presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission | 2 |
| regulation of smooth muscle contraction | 1 |
| G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | 1 |
| G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger | 1 |
| adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | 1 |
| adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | 1 |
| adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | 1 |
| phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | 1 |
| G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | 1 |
| chemical synaptic transmission | 1 |
| nervous system development | 1 |
| regulation of heart contraction | 1 |
| response to virus | 1 |
| signal transduction | 1 |
| skeletal muscle contraction | 1 |
Indications & clinical
Indications
0 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4).
Clinical trials
Total trials: 0.
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.
Related molecules
Related molecules
Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.
402 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:
| Molecule | Source | Status | Shared targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| AFATINIB | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| BUPROPION | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRNA1 |
| CHENODIOL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| GENTIAN VIOLET | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| MECAMYLAMINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRNA1 |
| NICOTINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRNA1 |
| PIMAVANSERIN | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| VARENICLINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRNA1 |
| ACETYLCHOLINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| ACLIDINIUM BROMIDE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| AMBENONIUM | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| AMDINOCILLIN PIVOXIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| AMIODARONE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| AMITRIPTYLINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| AMODIAQUINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| AMOXAPINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| ANISOTROPINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| ARIPIPRAZOLE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| ASENAPINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| ASTEMIZOLE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| ATROPINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| AXITINIB | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| AZATADINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| AZELASTINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| BAZEDOXIFENE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| BENPERIDOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| BENZBROMARONE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| BENZTROPINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| BENZYDAMINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| BETHANECHOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| BIPERIDEN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| BOSUTINIB | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| BROMOCRIPTINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| BROMODIPHENHYDRAMINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| BROMPHENIRAMINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CABOZANTINIB | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CANNABIDIOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CANRENONE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CARBACHOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CARBAMOYLCHOLINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CARBENOXOLONE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CARBETAPENTANE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CARBINOXAMINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CARIPRAZINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CASPOFUNGIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CEVIMELINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CHLORHEXIDINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CHLORMADINONE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CHLOROPROCAINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CHLOROQUINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CHLORPHENIRAMINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CHLORPROMAZINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CHLORPROTHIXENE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CINNARIZINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CITALOPRAM | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CLEMASTINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CLIDINIUM | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CLOMIPHENE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
| CLOMIPRAMINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CHRM2 |
Related Atlas pages
- Genes: CHRM2, CHRNA1
- Drugs: Afatinib, Bupropion, Chenodiol, Mecamylamine, Nicotine, Pimavanserin, Varenicline, Acetylcholine, Aclidinium Bromide, Ambenonium, Amdinocillin Pivoxil, Amiodarone, Amitriptyline, Amodiaquine, Amoxapine, Anisotropine, Aripiprazole, Asenapine, Astemizole, Atropine, Axitinib, Azatadine, Azelastine, Bazedoxifene, Benperidol, Benzbromarone, Benztropine, Benzydamine, Bethanechol, Biperiden, Bosutinib, Bromocriptine, Bromodiphenhydramine, Brompheniramine, Cabozantinib, Candesartan Cilexetil, Cannabidiol, Canrenone, Carbachol, Carbenoxolone, Carbetapentane, Carbinoxamine, Cariprazine, Caspofungin, Cevimeline, Chlorhexidine, Chlormadinone, Chloroprocaine, Chloroquine, Chlorpheniramine, Chlorpromazine, Chlorprothixene, Cinnarizine, Citalopram, Clemastine, Clidinium, Clomiphene, Clomipramine