Glutathione
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Also known as Aec glutathionel-GluthamIsethionL-glutathione reducedNSC-400639Reduced l-glutathioneTathioneSID144204924SID170465600
Summary
Glutathione (CHEMBL1543) is an approved small-molecule skin lightening agent (ATC V03AB32); indicated across 9 conditions including peripheral neuropathy and peripheral nervous system disorder.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: V03AB32
- Indications: 9 conditions
- Clinical trials: 34
- Chemistry: 307.33 Da · C10H17N3O6S
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1543 |
| Name | Glutathione |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 3 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 124886 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16856 |
| ATC | V03AB32 |
| Molecular formula | C10H17N3O6S |
| Molecular weight | 307.33 |
| InChIKey | RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N |
SMILES: C(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N
IUPAC name: (2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
ChEBI definition: A tripeptide compound consisting of glutamic acid attached via its side chain to the N-terminus of cysteinylglycine.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antioxidant, cofactor, skin lightening agent, geroprotector.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): human metabolite, Escherichia coli metabolite, mouse metabolite.
Also known as: Aec glutathione, Glutathione, l-, Glutham, Isethion, L-glutathione reduced, NSC-400639, Reduced l-glutathione, Tathione, glutathione, L-Glutathione reduced, SID144204924
Patent coverage: 104,527 distinct patent families (300,503 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 2 (assay-derived). Sample: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 3 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 3 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSTK1 | 7.7 | IC50 | 20 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_189058 |
| PTGS1 | 6.01 | AC50 | 971.4 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25206429 |
| PTGS1 | 5.85 | AC50 | 1404 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25205499 |
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
9 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| peripheral neuropathy | 3 | MONDO:0005244 | EFO:0003100 |
| peripheral nervous system disorder | 3 | MONDO:0003620 | EFO:0004149 |
| cystic fibrosis | 3 | MONDO:0009061 | MONDO:0009061 |
| exocrine pancreatic carcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0005192 | EFO:0002618 |
| ischemia reperfusion injury | 2 | MONDO:0005203 | EFO:0002687 |
| breast neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0021100 | MONDO:0007254 |
| Parkinson disease | 2 | MONDO:0005180 | MONDO:0005180 |
| persian gulf syndrome | 1 | MONDO:0005907 | EFO:0007430 |
1 further indication record had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 34.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 16 |
| PHASE2 | 7 |
| PHASE1 | 5 |
| PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 2 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05954052 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| NCT07448415 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Evaluation of the Efficacy of Oral Tranexamic Acid and Glutathione-assisted Microneedling in Treatment of Melasma |
| NCT02311907 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Glutathione in Preventing Peripheral Neuropathy Caused by Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients With Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, and/or Primary Peritoneal Cancer |
| NCT02584283 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Dual Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion of DCD Liver Grafts in Preventing Biliary Complications After Transplantation |
| NCT07304440 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Adia MED of Winter Park LLC Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Study |
| NCT07595705 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Gingival Hyperpigmentation Treatment |
| NCT00266331 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | RayGel-An Alternative for Skin Care During External Beam Radiation |
| NCT00323583 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Weekly Dosing of an Integrative Chemotherapy Combination to Treat Advanced Pancreatic Cancer |
| NCT00910442 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Glutathione and Its Precursors in HIV-Infected Patients |
| NCT01177319 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Glutathione (GSH) In The Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease |
| NCT02251041 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Combined Drug Approach to Prevent Ischemia-reperfusion Injury During Transplantation of Livers (CAPITL) |
| NCT02848417 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Glutathione vs. Curcumin Clinical Trial |
| NCT03020719 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | The Role of Oral Glutathione on Growth Parameters in Children With Cystic Fibrosis |
| NCT06896422 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | Randomized Trial of Glutathione With Anti-PD-1 and Chemotherapy in Advanced NSCLC |
| NCT07572890 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | Adia Med of Winter Park LLC Chronic Kidney Disease Research Study |
| NCT01016080 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Role of Oral Glutathione in Skin Whitening |
| NCT02324426 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | CNS Uptake of Intranasal Glutathione |
| NCT04105504 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Oral Glutathione As A Skin Whitening Agent |
| NCT06922669 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Glucocorticoids for Acute Drug Induced Liver Injury With Hyperbilirubinemia |
| NCT00127309 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of Glutathione on Blood Alcohol and Hangover Symptoms |
| NCT00889538 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Study of Glutathione, Vitamin C and Cysteine in Children With Autism and Severe Behavior Problems |
| NCT01044277 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Oral Glutathione Supplementation on the Levels of Blood Glutathione |
| NCT01142024 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Polymorphism of Oxidative Stress Genes in the Pathogenesis and Antioxidant Prevention of Contrast Induced Nephropathy |
| NCT01402570 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Glutathione and Health With Post-Polio Syndrome |
| NCT01550432 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effects of Glutathione (an Antioxidant) and N-Acetylcysteine on Inflammation |
| NCT01967667 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Biological Evaluation of Dietary Supplement Liposomal Glutathione |
| NCT02029521 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Supplementation of Oral Reduced Glutathione in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients |
| NCT02321579 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Vitamin B-6 and Glutathione on Inflammation, Homocysteine, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Capacities |
| NCT02948673 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Response to Glutathione Supplementation and Acute Exercise |
| NCT03725241 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effects of Glutathione on Immunity in Individuals Training for a Marathon |
| NCT04672447 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of 4 Weeks of Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation on Arterial Function |
| NCT06313164 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Impact of Oral Glutathione on Oxidative Damage and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients |
| NCT06345950 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a New Micellar Glutathione Formulation |
| NCT07302828 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of Double Nutri® Liposomal Encapsulation Technology on Human Absorption of Vitamin C and Glutathione Liquid Sachet |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).