Hydrocortisone

drug
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Also known as Acetasol hcActicortAeroseb-hcAla-cortAla-scalpAlkindiAlkindi sprinkleAlphadermAnflamAnugesic hcAnusol hcAnusol plus hcAnusol soothing reliefAnucort-hcAnusol-hcBalneol-hcBeta-hcCalmurid hcCanesten hcCetacort

Summary

Hydrocortisone (CHEMBL389621) is an approved small-molecule anti-inflammatory drug (ATC A07EA02) targeting GPR33, NR3C1, and NR3C2; indicated across 104 conditions including eye disorder and pneumonia.

At a glance

  • Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
  • Modality: Small molecule
  • ATC class: A07EA02 (+9 more)
  • Targets: 3 (GPR33, NR3C1, NR3C2)
  • Indications: 104 conditions
  • Clinical trials: 350
  • Chemistry: 362.5 Da · C21H30O5

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

FieldValue
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL389621
NameHydrocortisone
TypeSmall molecule
Max phase4
FDA approvedyes
PubChem CID5754
ChEBICHEBI:17650
ATCA07EA02, S01CB03, D07XA01, S01BA02, D07AA02, A01AC03, R01AD60, C05AA01, H02AB09, S02BA01
Molecular formulaC21H30O5
Molecular weight362.5
InChIKeyJYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N

SMILES: C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)CO)O)C)O

IUPAC name: (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one

ChEBI definition: A 17α-hydroxy-C21-steroid that is pregn-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20 and hydroxy groups at positions 11, 17 and 21. Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone or glucocorticoid produced by zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, which is a part of the adrenal gland. It is usually referred to as the “stress hormone” as it is involved in response to stress and anxiety, controlled by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). It increases blood pressure and blood sugar, and reduces immune responses.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): anti-inflammatory drug, anti-allergic agent, anti-asthmatic drug, drug allergen.

Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): human metabolite, mouse metabolite.

Also known as: Acetasol hc, Acticort, Aeroseb-hc, Ala-cort, Ala-scalp, Alkindi, Alkindi sprinkle, Alphaderm, Anflam, Anugesic hc, Anusol hc, Anusol plus hc

Patent coverage: 61,095 distinct patent families (207,645 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

GeneTargetActionpAffinityCancer dependencyUniProt
GPR33GPR33Binding7.920%Q49SQ1
NR3C1Glucocorticoid receptorAgonist80.9%P04150
NR3C2Mineralocorticoid receptorAgonist9.950%P08235

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 16 (assay-derived). Sample: Microtubule-associated protein tau, Survival motor neuron protein, Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A, Mineralocorticoid receptor, Glucocorticoid receptor, Progesterone receptor, Corticosteroid-binding globulin, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, Glucocorticoid receptor, Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 24 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 28 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

TargetpChemblTypeValueUnitActivity ID
NR3C29.3Kd0.5nMCHEMBL_ACT_18033282
NR3C28.54EC502.9nMCHEMBL_ACT_27195983
NR3C17.92Ki12nMCHEMBL_ACT_7645340
SERPINA67.88Ki13.18nMCHEMBL_ACT_956646
NFKB17.85Potency14.1nMCHEMBL_ACT_3672781
NFKB17.85Potency14.1nMCHEMBL_ACT_4586062
NR3C17.71AC5019.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_25175425
P065367.6IC5025.12nMCHEMBL_ACT_23294469
NR3C17.58IC5026nMCHEMBL_ACT_7645339
P065377.37Kd43nMCHEMBL_ACT_14698042
P065367EC50100nMCHEMBL_ACT_24771868
HIF1A6.7Potency199.5nMCHEMBL_ACT_4128963
HIF1A6.7Potency199.5nMCHEMBL_ACT_4520785
P084826.6Potency251.2nMCHEMBL_ACT_4811427
P065366.5IC50316.2nMCHEMBL_ACT_24771796
SHBG6.2Kd631nMCHEMBL_ACT_2155681
SMN16.1Potency794.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_3902632
NR3C16.04AC50920nMCHEMBL_ACT_25115945
P065365.6EC502512nMCHEMBL_ACT_23294603
MAPT5.35Potency4467nMCHEMBL_ACT_4514786
MAPT5.25Potency5623nMCHEMBL_ACT_3947532
PGR5.12AC507610nMCHEMBL_ACT_25192665
MAPT5.1Potency7943nMCHEMBL_ACT_4034338
KMT2A5.05Potency8912nMCHEMBL_ACT_3785541

Target pathways

Aggregated over 3 target gene(s): GPR33, NR3C1, NR3C2.

Top Reactome pathways

14 total, by targets touching each:

PathwayTargetsGenes
HSP90 chaperone cycle for steroid hormone receptors (SHR) in the presence of ligand2NR3C1, NR3C2
Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway2NR3C1, NR3C2
SUMOylation of intracellular receptors2NR3C1, NR3C2
Cellular responses to stress1NR3C2
SUMOylation1NR3C2
SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteins1NR3C2
Metabolism of proteins1NR3C2
Post-translational protein modification1NR3C2
PTK6 Expression1NR3C1
Regulation of RUNX2 expression and activity1NR3C1
Cellular responses to stimuli1NR3C2
FOXO-mediated transcription of oxidative stress, metabolic and neuronal genes1NR3C1
Potential therapeutics for SARS1NR3C1
Regulation of NPAS4 gene transcription1NR3C1

Dominant GO biological processes

GO termTargets
signal transduction3
regulation of DNA-templated transcription2
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II2
nuclear receptor-mediated steroid hormone signaling pathway2
complement receptor mediated signaling pathway1
inflammatory response1
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway1
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration1
cell communication1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway1
signaling1
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II1
regulation of gluconeogenesis1
chromatin organization1
apoptotic process1

Indications & clinical

Indications

104 indications (36 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

IndicationTrial phaseMONDOEFO
eye disorder4MONDO:0005328EFO:0005752
pneumonia4MONDO:0005249EFO:0003106
atopic conjunctivitis4MONDO:0005642EFO:0007141
leukemia4MONDO:0005059EFO:0000565
lymphoma4MONDO:0005062EFO:0000574
ulcerative colitis4MONDO:0005101EFO:0000729
herpes labialis4MONDO:0043653EFO:1001347
atopic eczema4MONDO:0004980EFO:0000274
Crohn disease4MONDO:0005011EFO:0000384
otitis externa4MONDO:0004795EFO:0009560
psoriasis4MONDO:0005083EFO:1001494
hemorrhoid4MONDO:0004872EFO:0009552
dermatitis4MONDO:0002406MONDO:0002406
adrenocortical insufficiency4MONDO:0000004EFO:0009491
asthma4MONDO:0004979MONDO:0004979
osteoarthritis4MONDO:0005178MONDO:0005178
congenital adrenal hyperplasia4MONDO:0018479MONDO:0008728
rheumatoid arthritis4MONDO:0008383EFO:0000685
skin disorder4MONDO:0005093EFO:0000701
endocrine system disorder4MONDO:0005151EFO:0001379
juvenile idiopathic arthritis4MONDO:0011429EFO:0002609
psoriatic arthritis4MONDO:0011849EFO:0003778
adrenal gland disorder4MONDO:0005495EFO:0005539
exanthem4MONDO:0006547EFO:1000697
seborrheic dermatitis4MONDO:0006608EFO:1000764
type III hypersensitivity disease4MONDO:0007004EFO:1001222
tenosynovitis4MONDO:0004855EFO:1001435
bursitis4MONDO:0002471MONDO:0002471
spondylitis4MONDO:0003937MONDO:0003937
neoplasm4MONDO:0005070MONDO:0004992
toxic shock syndrome3MONDO:0001881EFO:0006834
alopecia areata3MONDO:0005340EFO:0004192
cirrhosis of liver3MONDO:0005155EFO:0001422
acute lymphoblastic leukemia3MONDO:0004967EFO:0000220
myelodysplastic syndrome3MONDO:0018881EFO:0000198
acute myeloid leukemia3MONDO:0018874EFO:0000222
prostate adenocarcinoma3MONDO:0005082EFO:0000673
hypotensive disorder3MONDO:0005468EFO:0005251
oral submucous fibrosis3MONDO:0018166EFO:1001818
cardiac arrest3MONDO:0000745EFO:0009492
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia3MONDO:0004963EFO:0000209
acute erythroid leukemia3MONDO:0017858EFO:0000218
acute monocytic leukemia3MONDO:0007896EFO:0000221
acute myelomonocytic leukemia M43MONDO:0018871EFO:0000223
acute megakaryoblastic leukemia3MONDO:0018872EFO:0003025
acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation3MONDO:0005224EFO:0003027
myelodysplastic syndrome with single lineage dysplasia3MONDO:0005272EFO:0003802
myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts3MONDO:0019454EFO:0003811
influenza3MONDO:0005812EFO:0007328
viral pneumonia3MONDO:0006012EFO:0007541
chronic myelomonocytic leukemia3MONDO:0020311EFO:1001779
acute biphenotypic leukemia3MONDO:0020322MONDO:0019460
severe acute respiratory syndrome3MONDO:0005091MONDO:0100096
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia3MONDO:0004947EFO:0000094
alcohol abuse3MONDO:0002046MONDO:0007079
bronchopulmonary dysplasia3MONDO:0019091MONDO:0019091
metastatic prostate carcinoma3MONDO:0004956EFO:0000196
prostate carcinoma3MONDO:0005159EFO:0001663
lymphoid leukemia3MONDO:0005402EFO:0004289
heart failure2MONDO:0005252EFO:0003144
injury2MONDO:0021178EFO:0000546
myocardial infarction2MONDO:0005068EFO:0000612
melanoma2MONDO:0005105EFO:0000756
plasma cell myeloma2MONDO:0009693EFO:0001378
opiate dependence2MONDO:0005530EFO:0005611
mast cell leukemia2MONDO:0020334EFO:0007359
phobic disorder2MONDO:0003699EFO:1001908
borderline personality disorder2MONDO:0001156HP:0012076
atrial fibrillation2MONDO:0004981EFO:0000275
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma2MONDO:0018905EFO:0000403
adrenal cortex carcinoma2MONDO:0006639EFO:1000796
central nervous system neoplasm2MONDO:0006130EFO:1000158
chronic primary adrenal insufficiency2MONDO:0015129MONDO:0015128
pancreatitis2MONDO:0004982EFO:0000278
pyogenic granuloma2MONDO:0022096MONDO:0022096
plasma cell neoplasm2MONDO:0004959EFO:0000200
inflammatory bowel disease2MONDO:0005265EFO:0003767
obesity disorder1MONDO:0011122EFO:0001073
anaplastic large cell lymphoma1MONDO:0020325EFO:0003032
nicotine dependence1MONDO:0008575EFO:0003768
type 1 diabetes mellitus1MONDO:0005147MONDO:0005147
HIV infectious disease0MONDO:0005109EFO:0000764
fibromyalgia0MONDO:0005546EFO:0005687

21 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 350.

Phase distribution

PhaseTrials
PHASE284
Not specified75
PHASE370
PHASE456
PHASE128
PHASE1/PHASE215
EARLY_PHASE112
PHASE2/PHASE310

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT02775227PHASE4ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGHYPAR Trial - Hydrocortisone vs. Pasireotide in Reducing Pancreatic Surgery Complications
NCT04082533PHASE4ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGIntravenous (IV) Hydrocortisone for TKA (Total Knee Arthroplasty)
NCT05193396PHASE4RECRUITINGHydrocortisone and Placebo in Patients With Symptoms of Adrenal Insufficiency After Cessation of Glucocorticoid Treatment
NCT05435781PHASE4RECRUITINGEffect of Supplemental Hydrocortisone During Stress in Prednisolone-induced Adrenal Insufficiency
NCT05836610PHASE4RECRUITINGHydrocortisone Therapy Optimization During Hypothermia Treatment in Asphyxiated Neonates
NCT06289673PHASE4RECRUITINGIdentification of Necessary Information for Treatment Induction in Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma
NCT06892197PHASE4RECRUITINGComparing Hydrocortisone and Prednisolone for Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
NCT06892210PHASE4RECRUITINGComparing Hydrocortisone and Prednisolone for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD)
NCT06982183PHASE4RECRUITINGThe Effects of Propranolol and Hydrocortisone on Military-Relevant Performance Outcomes
NCT07124650PHASE4RECRUITINGSore Throat After Open Neck Elective Surgery
NCT07154849PHASE4RECRUITINGComparative Study Between the Efficacy of Intravenous Hydrocortisone and Intravenous Dexmedetomidine for Prevention of Postoperative Shivering After General Anaesthesia for Abdominal Surgeries
NCT07494084PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGSleep Loss and Circadian Misalignment - Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance
NCT00149123PHASE4COMPLETEDLow-dose Hydrocortisone in Acutely Burned Patients
NCT00270777PHASE4COMPLETEDImproving Safety of Antivenom in People Bitten by Snakes
NCT00368381PHASE4WITHDRAWNHydrocortisone Versus Hydrocortisone Plus Fludrocortisone for the Treatment of Adrenal Insufficiency in Severe Sepsis
NCT00415701PHASE4COMPLETEDEffect of Etomidate on Hemodynamics and Adrenocortical Function After Cardiac Surgery
NCT00490828PHASE4COMPLETEDInfluence of Hydrocortisone on Immunologic Markers and Health Care Related Quality of Life in Patients After Cardiac Surgery
NCT00526305PHASE4COMPLETEDLAL-Ph-2000: Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Chromosome Philadelphia Positive
NCT00674570PHASE4COMPLETEDVeteran Stress and Learning Study
NCT00693693PHASE4COMPLETEDAdherence to Topical Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 0.1% (Locoid®) Using Different Vehicles in Adults With Atopic Dermatitis
NCT00706173PHASE4WITHDRAWNTrial of Hydrocortisone for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
NCT00709839PHASE4COMPLETEDRapid Effects of Hydrocortisone on Glucose-induced Insulin Secretion in Healthy Humans
NCT00773058PHASE4UNKNOWNEffect of Treatment With Stress-Doses Glucocorticoid in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
NCT00853008PHASE4COMPLETEDTreatment of High Risk Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
NCT00933023PHASE4WITHDRAWNMild Versus Potent Corticosteroids as Treatment for Phimosis in Children
NCT01070225PHASE4COMPLETEDReversal of Acute β-Blocker Induced Bronchoconstriction
NCT01089075PHASE4TERMINATEDNeuropsychological Effects of Hydrocortisone in Patients With Partial Adrenal Insufficiency
NCT01095172PHASE4UNKNOWNRituxiMab INDuction in Renal Transplantation
NCT01150409PHASE4TERMINATEDHemodynamic and Inflammatory Effects of Abrupt Versus Tapered Corticosteroid Discontinuation in Septic Shock
NCT01399268PHASE4COMPLETEDSteroids in Bilateral Total Knee Replacement
NCT01448109PHASE4COMPLETEDADjunctive coRticosteroid trEatment iN criticAlly ilL Patients With Septic Shock
NCT01546922PHASE4COMPLETEDHydrocortisone Replacement in Patients With Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency (SUPREME CORT)
NCT01815918PHASE4COMPLETEDEffect of Low Dose Corticosteroids on Perioperative Markers of Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis in Total Knee Arthroplasty
NCT02044159PHASE4COMPLETEDSteroid Use in Pediatric Fluid and Vasoactive Infusion Dependent Shock - Pilot Study
NCT02190994PHASE4UNKNOWNEffect of Perioperative Glucocorticoid Replacement on Prognosis of Surgical Patients With Sellar Lesions
NCT02266264PHASE4COMPLETEDHyperglycemia and Effects of Daily 100 mg Versus 200 mg of Hydrocortisone Therapy in Patients With Septic Shock
NCT02277587PHASE4COMPLETEDDual RElease Hydrocortisone Versus conventionAl Glucocorticoid replaceMent Therapy in Hypocortisolism (DREAM)
NCT02282150PHASE4UNKNOWNModified-release Compared to Conventional Hydrocortisone on Diurnal Fatigue in Secondary Hypoadrenalism
NCT02425852PHASE4COMPLETEDA Randomized, Multicenter Open Label Study Comparing Early Administration of Azathioprine Plus IFX to Steroids Plus Azathioprine for Acute Severe Colitis
NCT02760862PHASE4COMPLETEDComparative Study Between Hydrocortisone and Mannitol in Treatment of Postdural Puncture Headache

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline, but PharmGKB curates 0 clinical and 4 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

179 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:

MoleculeSourceStatusShared targets
ENZALUTAMIDEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
EPLERENONEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
FLUDROCORTISONEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
BUDESONIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
DEXAMETHASONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
FLUTICASONE FUROATEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
FLUTICASONE PROPIONATEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
MEDROXYPROGESTERONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
MIFEPRISTONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
PREDNISOLONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
PROGESTERONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
SPIRONOLACTONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1, NR3C2
ASOPRISNILChEMBLPhase 3NR3C1, NR3C2
BALCINRENONEChEMBLPhase 3NR3C1, NR3C2
METRIBOLONEChEMBLPhase 2NR3C1, NR3C2
ONAPRISTONEChEMBLPhase 2NR3C1, NR3C2
STANOLONEChEMBLPhase 2NR3C1, NR3C2
TUROFEXORATE ISOPROPYLChEMBLPhase 2NR3C1, NR3C2
FULVESTRANTChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
PODOFILOXChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
REGORAFENIBChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
ACENOCOUMAROLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
AMCINONIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
AMIODARONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
APREPITANTChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
AURANOFINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
BAZEDOXIFENEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
BENZBROMARONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
BETAMETHASONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
BETAMETHASONE PHOSPHORIC ACIDChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
BETAMETHASONE VALERATEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
BUTOCONAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
CANDESARTAN CILEXETILChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
CANRENONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
CHLORMADINONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
CICLESONIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
CLOBETASOL PROPIONATEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
CLOFAZIMINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
CLOTRIMAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
CORTISONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DANAZOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DAUNORUBICINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DEFLAZACORTChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DESOGESTRELChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DESONIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DESOXIMETASONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE PIVALATEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DEXTROTHYROXINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DIENESTROLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DIETHYLSTILBESTROLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DIFLORASONE DIACETATEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DOXORUBICINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
DROSPIRENONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
ECONAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
EFAVIRENZChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1
ESTRADIOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)NR3C1