Hydromorphone

Summary

Hydromorphone (CHEMBL398707) is an approved small-molecule opioid analgesic (ATC N02AA03) targeting OPRD1, OPRK1, and OPRM1; indicated across 16 conditions including heroin dependence and osteoarthritis, hip.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: N02AA03
• Targets: 3 (OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1)
• Indications: 16 conditions
• Clinical trials: 131
• Chemistry: 285.34 Da · C17H19NO3

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL398707
Name	Hydromorphone
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	5284570
ChEBI	CHEBI:5790
ATC	N02AA03
Molecular formula	C17H19NO3
Molecular weight	285.34
InChIKey	WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N

SMILES: CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3C(=O)CC4

IUPAC name: (4R,4aR,7aR,12bS)-9-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2,4,4a,5,6,7a,13-octahydro-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7-one

ChEBI definition: A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): opioid analgesic, μ-opioid receptor agonist.

Also known as: Dimorphone, Hidromorfona, Hydromorphon, Hydromorphone, IDS-NH-004, Jurnista, N02AA03, Novolaudon, NSC-19046, hydromorphone, Dihydromorphone, HYDROMORPHONE

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1237055, CHEMBL3989585

Patent coverage: 8,650 distinct patent families (35,204 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 35,201 (100%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
OPRD1	δ receptor	Agonist	7.42	0.2%	P41143
OPRK1	κ receptor	Agonist	8.55	0%	P41145
OPRM1	μ receptor	Agonist	9.55	0%	P35372

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 3 (assay-derived). Sample: Mu-type opioid receptor, Delta-type opioid receptor, Kappa-type opioid receptor.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 5 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 5 total. Top 100 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
OPRM1	9.55	Ki	0.28	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2407520
OPRM1	8.59	EC50	2.6	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2407433
OPRK1	8.55	Ki	2.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2407478
OPRK1	7.96	EC50	11	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2417712
OPRD1	7.42	Ki	38	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2407501

Target pathways

Aggregated over 3 target gene(s): OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1.

Top Reactome pathways

6 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Peptide ligand-binding receptors	3	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
G alpha (i) signalling events	3	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling	2	OPRD1, OPRM1
MECP2 regulates neuronal receptors and channels	2	OPRK1, OPRM1
Opioid Signalling	1	OPRM1
G-protein activation	1	OPRM1

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	3
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	3
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	3
neuropeptide signaling pathway	3
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway	3
signal transduction	3
immune response	2
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	2
response to nicotine	2
eating behavior	2
response to ethanol	2
sensory perception	2
sensory perception of pain	2
adult locomotory behavior	1
negative regulation of gene expression	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

11 diseases in clinical trials (phase 1–3, investigational — not approved indications). Highest ChEMBL trial phase per disease; a non-cancer approved use is occasionally logged at phase 3 here.

Disease (in trials)	Phase	MONDO	EFO
heroin dependence	3	MONDO:0005367	EFO:0004240
osteoarthritis, hip	3	MONDO:0006629	EFO:1000786
mucositis	3	MONDO:0020579	EFO:1001898
osteoarthritis, knee	3	MONDO:0005416	EFO:0004616
ileus	3	MONDO:0004567	MONDO:0004567
sickle cell disease	3	MONDO:0011382	MONDO:0011382
injury	2	MONDO:0021178	EFO:0000546
opiate dependence	2	MONDO:0005530	EFO:0005611
constipation disorder	2	MONDO:0002203	HP:0002019
kidney cancer	2	MONDO:0002367	MONDO:0002367
kidney neoplasm	2	MONDO:0021163	EFO:0003865

5 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 131.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE4	51
Not specified	25
PHASE2	19
PHASE3	17
PHASE1	9
EARLY_PHASE1	5
PHASE1/PHASE2	3
PHASE2/PHASE3	2

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03893734	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Effect of Methadone and Hydromorphone on the QT Interval After Anesthesia and Surgery
NCT04296305	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Effect of Opioid Infusion Rate on Abuse Liability Potential of Intravenous Hydromorphone for Cancer Pain
NCT06320041	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Efficacy and Safety of Oliceridine for Moderate to Severe Acute Pain After Orthopedic Surgery
NCT06525740	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Methadone Versus Intrathecal Hydromorphone for Postoperative Pain Relief in Gynecologic Cancer Undergoing Surgery
NCT06576830	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Optimization of Pediatric Tonsillectomy to IMprove AnaLgesia
NCT06669650	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Personalized Post-Operative Pain Management
NCT06868589	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Reducing Pain With Methadone and Ketamine in Liver Transplant
NCT06962306	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Optimizing Perioperative Analgesia to Lower Pain Following Cleft Palate Surgery
NCT00465647	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Open-label Study of Hydromorphone Oral Solution in Subjects Aged 28 Days to 16 Years for Postoperative Pain
NCT00682435	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety Study of Intravenous Hydromorphone Using Incremental 1mg Doses up to 2mg for Adult ED Patients
NCT00710086	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intravenous Remifentanil for Labor Analgesia
NCT00766831	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Efficacy and Safety Study of Hydromorphone Oral Osmotic System (OROS) in Korean Participants With Cancer Pain
NCT00955110	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Compare Oxymorphone Extended-Release (Opana ER) Versus Oxycodone Controlled-Release (Oxycontin)
NCT01006356	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Efficacy and Safety Study of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride (HCl) Oral Osmotic System (OROS) in the Reduction of Breakthrough Pain Medication Frequency in Participants With Cancer
NCT01207596	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Extended Release Hydromorphone (Exalgo) in Patients With Neuropathic Pain
NCT01429285	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Hydromorphone in Elderly Emergency Department Patients With Acute Severe Pain
NCT01429298	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparing Intravenous Hydromorphone to Usual Care
NCT01490268	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pain Therapy After Elective Cardiac Surgery
NCT01546948	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intraoperative Opioids and Postoperative Recovery After Hepatobiliary or Foregut Surgery
NCT01621100	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Effectiveness and Tolerability of OROS Hydromorphone for Cancer Pain Treatment in Korean Patients
NCT01892709	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Titration of Intravenous Hydromorphone
NCT01943565	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Intrathecal Hydromorphone for Post-cesarean Delivery Pain - a Dose Finding Study
NCT02009722	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intrathecal Opioids for Pain Control After Cesarean Delivery: Determining the Optimal Dose
NCT02035709	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Postoperative Pain Therapy With Hydromorphone Using TCI-PCA
NCT02056301	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Comparison Trial Between PCA and Epidural Analgesia for Pectus Excavatum Repair
NCT02107339	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Methadone and Hydromorphone For Spinal Surgery
NCT02295124	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Nausea in Patients Receiving Hydromorphone vs Oxycodone After Total Hip Replacement Surgery
NCT02389829	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hydromorphone Versus Prochlorperazine + Diphenhydramine for Acute Migraine
NCT02483221	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Postoperative Pain Therapy With Hydromorphone TCI-PCA vs. Morphine PCA
NCT02909322	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Epidural Versus Paravertebral Block Analgesia After Hepatectomy
NCT02987920	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Dextromethorphan Use in Multimodal Analgesia Regimens for Total Knee Arthroplasty
NCT03104816	PHASE4	TERMINATED	The Effectiveness of IV/PO Acetaminophen in the Perioperative Period in Reducing Opiate Use After Lumbar Spine Fusion
NCT03107481	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Acetaminophen IV vs Hydromorphone IV in the ED
NCT03115151	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Epidural and Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia Following Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery
NCT03282669	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	TC02 Obese Women Using It Morphine vs PCA IV Hydromorphone for Post-Cesarean Analgesia
NCT03300674	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intravenous Lidocaine Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial
NCT03309163	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Tramadol in Prevention of Postpartum Depression
NCT03592992	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Spinal Hydromorphone Versus Morphine for Post-Cesarean Delivery Analgesia
NCT03619785	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	US-guided SAPB for Rib Fractures in the ED
NCT03648008	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Postoperative Analgesic Effect of Hydromorphone on Partial Pulmonary Resection Under Video-assisted Thoracoscopy
NCT03726268	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Optimizing Outpatient Anesthesia (OSPREy-Outpatient Surgery Pain Relief Enhancement)
NCT04111328	PHASE4	COMPLETED	the Effect of Different Drugs and Infusion Ways on Degree of Postoperative Comfort
NCT04258631	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Liposomal Bupivacaine With or Without Hydromorphone for the Improvement of Pain Control After Laparotomy in Patients With Gynecological Malignancies
NCT04396587	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Non-analgesic Effects Produced by Equipotent Analgesic Doses of Sufentanil, Hydromorphone, and Oxycodone
NCT04398316	PHASE4	TERMINATED	High Dose IV Lidocaine vs Hydromorphone for Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department
NCT04436224	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Hydromorphone for ICU-analgesia in Patients With Non-mechanical Ventilation
NCT04752033	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intrathecal Opioids for Colorectal Resection
NCT05552443	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Study of Intrathecal Hydromorphone for Pediatric Idiopathic Scoliosis Repair
NCT06429657	PHASE4	SUSPENDED	Ketamine for Sedation in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
NCT06784180	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Intrathecal Hydromorphone vs Intrathecal Morphine to Treat Post Cesarean Pain in Patients With Opioid Use Disorder Taking Buprenorphine
NCT06823180	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Epidural Preemptive Analgesia for Postoperative Pain After Cesarean Section
NCT06785571	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	The Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Nalbuphine Hydrochloride Injection for Analgesia in ICU Patients: A Multicenter, Randomized, Single-blinded, Parallel, Two-step Trial
NCT00305058	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Trial Comparing Morphine to Hydromorphone in Elderly Patients With Severe Pain
NCT00365898	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Efficacy and Safety of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Extended-Release Compared to Placebo in Subjects With Persistent Pain
NCT00474110	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Ketamine and Hydromorphone for Patient Controlled Pain Relief in Children’s Mucositis
NCT00549042	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study to Test the Effectiveness of Controlled-Release OROS® Hydromorphone HCl Compared to Placebo in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
NCT00627367	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Protocolized vs Nonprotocolized Treatment of Adult ED Patients With Acute Severe Pain
NCT00631319	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Double-blind Study of Controlled Release OROS Hydromorphone Compared to Placebo in Patients With Chronic Osteoarthritis (OA) Pain
NCT00825370	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Protocolized vs Discretionary Use of Opioids in Acute Pain
NCT01447212	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study to Assess Longer-term Opioid Medication Effectiveness (SALOME)
NCT02062879	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Ketamine Patient-Controlled Analgesia for Acute Pain
NCT02084355	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Study of Opioid Rotation Versus Opioid Escalation in Patients With Moderate to Severe Cancer Pain
NCT02321319	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Open-Label Safety and PK Study of ER Hydromorphone Tablets in Opioid-Tolerant Pediatric Chronic Pain Patients
NCT02601027	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Microsurgical Breast Recon w/Abdominal Free Flap in Breast CA
NCT03375515	PHASE3	COMPLETED	PCA vs Non-PCA Intravenous Hydromorphone Titration for Severe Cancer Pain
NCT03553498	PHASE3	COMPLETED	IV Acetaminophen as Adjuvant Analgesic to Hydromorphone - Emergency Department Patients
NCT03933397	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Comparing Individualized vs. Weight Based Protocols to Treat Vaso-Occlusive Episodes in Sickle Cell Disease
NCT04429022	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Multimodal Pain Management After Robotic-Assisted Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
NCT04785768	PHASE3	COMPLETED	IV PCA With or Without Continuous Dose vs Oral Opioid to Maintain Analgesia for Severe Cancer Pain After Successful Titration
NCT05576675	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Patient-controlled Intravenous Analgesia Combined With Different Opioid Receptors for Gastrointestinal Surgery
NCT04234191	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Comparing Rapid Micro-Induction and Standard Induction of Buprenorphine/Naloxone for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder
NCT05027919	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Assessing a Clinically-meaningful Opioid Withdrawal Phenotype
NCT05565495	PHASE2	RECRUITING	The Effects of ECMO on the Pharmacokinetics of Hydromorphone
NCT05842044	PHASE2	RECRUITING	NSAID Use After Robotic Partial Nephrectomy
NCT06411795	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Rectus Sheath Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Thoracic Epidural Analgesia for Pain Control Following Pancreatoduodenectomy
NCT06949059	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Intravenous Hydromorphone for the Treatment of Acute Pain
NCT07224620	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Fentanyl Versus Hydromorphone in Patients on Mechanical Ventilation
NCT00177060	PHASE1/PHASE2	TERMINATED	Topical Hydromorphone for Wound Healing
NCT00195910	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy Study of Hydromorphone and Morphine
NCT00499746	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	The Discriminative Effects of Tramadol in Humans
NCT01218984	PHASE2	COMPLETED	ALK21-004: Single-dose Opiate Challenge of Medisorb® Naltrexone (VIVITROL®) in Adults Who Use Opioids
NCT01598506	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Intrathecal Hydromorphone for Labor Analgesia
NCT01598545	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Hydromorphone and C-section
NCT01675778	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Association Between Body Size and Response to Hydromorphone in ED
NCT02044094	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Multiple Dose Study of Blockade of Opioid Effects by Injections of Buprenorphine in Participants With Opioid Disorder
NCT02096003	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Intrathecal Hydromorphone for Pain Control After Cesarean Section
NCT02437669	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Intranasal Hydromorphone for the Treatment of Acute Pain in Children: A Pilot Study.
NCT03767933	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Non-Steroidal or Opioid Analgesia Use for Children With Musculoskeletal Injuries
NCT03789318	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Study in Subjects Undergoing Complete Abdominoplasty
NCT05244226	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Pediatric Pain Optimization After Tonsillectomy
NCT05901441	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Effect of Epidural Hydromorphone Combined With Ropivacaine in Labor Analgesia
NCT06036797	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Hydromorphone-ropivacaine Versus Sufentanil-ropivacaine for Epidural Labor Analgesia
NCT00399295	PHASE1	COMPLETED	An Open-Label Evaluation of the Independent Effects of Coadministration of a High-Fat Meal and Naltrexone Blockade on the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Dilaudid OROS (Hydromorphone HCI) 16mg
NCT00853554	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Fasting Study of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride 8 mg Tablets and Dilaudid 8 mg Tablets
NCT01487564	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetic Profile of OROS Hydromorphone in Healthy Taiwanese Participants With Different Genotypes for the UGT2B7 Gene
NCT01642030	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Study of the Treatment of Experimental Pain in Opioid Dependent Persons on Methadone or Buprenorphine Maintenance
NCT01824524	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study of Osmotic Release Oral System (OROS) Hydromorphone in Non-Opioid Tolerant Chinese Participants With Cancer
NCT02372591	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Study of the Treatment of Experimental Pain in Buprenorphine Maintained Persons With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
NCT02787928	PHASE1	TERMINATED	Dose and Response of Intrathecal Hydromorphone in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System
NCT03757559	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Trial to Evaluate the Abuse Potential of 3 Doses of GRT6005 in Adult Non-dependent Recreational Opioid Users

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

PharmGKB dosing guidelines (1) — CPIC / DPWG genotype-guided dosing for this drug (drug × pharmacogene):

Guideline	Source	Gene(s)	Dosing	Recommendation
Annotation of CPIC Guideline for alfentanil, buprenorphine, codeine, f	CPIC	COMT;OPRM1

PharmGKB also curates 0 clinical and 18 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

612 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 100 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
Dihydroergotamine	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
PROPOXYPHENE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
TAFAMIDIS	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
ALVIMOPAN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
AMIODARONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
AMLODIPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
AMOXAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
ASTEMIZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
BENZTROPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
BUPRENORPHINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
BUTORPHANOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CANNABIDIOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CHLORPROMAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CINNARIZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CLOTRIMAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CODEINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
ECONAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
FENTANYL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
FLUPHENAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
FLUSPIRILENE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
HYDROCODONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
LANSOPRAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
LEVORPHANOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
LOPERAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
LOXAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
MEPERIDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
METHADONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
METHYLNALTREXONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
MICONAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
MORPHINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NAFTOPIDIL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NALBUPHINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NALFURAFINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NALMEFENE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NALOXONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NALTREXONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NELFINAVIR	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
OLICERIDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
OXYCODONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
OXYMORPHONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
PAROXETINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
PASIREOTIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
PENTAZOCINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
PIMOZIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
RALOXIFENE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
RITONAVIR	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
SAMIDORPHAN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
SAQUINAVIR	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
SUNITINIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
TAMOXIFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
TRAMADOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
ASIMADOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
ATICAPRANT	ChEMBL	Phase 3	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CEBRANOPADOL	ChEMBL	Phase 3	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NAVACAPRANT	ChEMBL	Phase 3	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
TRIMEBUTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
BREMAZOCINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CARFENTANIL	ChEMBL	Phase 2	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CP-866087	ChEMBL	Phase 2	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CYCLAZOCINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
DIPRENORPHINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
ETORPHINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
FLUNARIZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
METAZOCINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NALORPHINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NIGULDIPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
PENFLURIDOL	ChEMBL	Phase 2	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
SPIRADOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
Afatinib	PubChem	Approved	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
Apixaban	PubChem	Approved	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
Bosentan	PubChem	Approved	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
Fidaxomicin	PubChem	Approved	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
Fulvestrant	PubChem	Approved	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
Linagliptin	PubChem	Approved	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
Pyrazinamide	PubChem	Approved	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
saxagliptin	PubChem	Approved	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
Tadalafil	PubChem	Approved	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
ALOGLIPTIN	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
Eluxadoline	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRM1
GENTIAN VIOLET	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
Mavorixafor	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
REGORAFENIB	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRM1
ALFENTANIL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRM1
ALPIDEM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
AMBENONIUM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
AMITRIPTYLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
AMSACRINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1
ARIPIPRAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
ATOMOXETINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
BAZEDOXIFENE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRM1
BEPRIDIL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
BOSUTINIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
BROMOCRIPTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
BROMPERIDOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
CALCITRIOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRD1, OPRK1
CARVEDILOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
CHLORHEXIDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1
CINACALCET	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	OPRK1, OPRM1