Idazoxan

drug
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Also known as Dl-idazoxanIdazoxanoNSC-759867Racemic idazoxanRX-781094idazoxaneSID26751897SID90341761SID104171177SID144203724SID170466595

Summary

Idazoxan (CHEMBL10316) is a phase-3 clinical-stage small-molecule α-adrenergic antagonist targeting ADRA2A, ADRA2B, and ADRA2C; indicated across 2 conditions including major depressive disorder and alzheimer disease.

At a glance

  • Status: Max clinical phase 3 (not approved)
  • Modality: Small molecule
  • Targets: 3 (ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C)
  • Indications: 2 conditions
  • Clinical trials: 3
  • Chemistry: 204.22 Da · C11H12N2O2

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

FieldValue
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL10316
NameIdazoxan
TypeSmall molecule
Max phase3
FDA approvedno
PubChem CID54459
ChEBICHEBI:5862
Molecular formulaC11H12N2O2
Molecular weight204.22
InChIKeyHPMRFMKYPGXPEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: C1CN=C(N1)C2COC3=CC=CC=C3O2

IUPAC name: 2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole

ChEBI definition: A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): α-adrenergic antagonist.

Also known as: Dl-idazoxan, Idazoxan, Idazoxano, NSC-759867, Racemic idazoxan, RX-781094, idazoxan, idazoxane, SID26751897, SID90341761, SID104171177, SID144203724

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL543467

Patent coverage: 1,200 distinct patent families (4,279 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 4,202 (98%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

GeneTargetActionpAffinityCancer dependencyUniProt
ADRA2Aα2A-adrenoceptorAntagonist80.1%P08913
ADRA2Bα2B-adrenoceptorAntagonist7.60.2%P18089
ADRA2Cα2C-adrenoceptorAntagonist7.70%P18825

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 21 (assay-derived). Sample: Microtubule-associated protein tau, Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma, NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1, Ras-related protein Rab-9A, Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor, Adrenergic receptor alpha-1, Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor, Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor, Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A, Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B, Adrenergic receptor alpha-2, Adrenergic receptor alpha-1, Adrenergic receptor alpha-2, Monoamine oxidase, Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, Nischarin, Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor, Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 73 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 80 total. Top 100 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

TargetpChemblTypeValueUnitActivity ID
Q288388.82Ki1.5nMCHEMBL_ACT_1177186
P193288.76Ki1.72nMCHEMBL_ACT_890273
P193288.64Kd2.29nMCHEMBL_ACT_505908
P193288.56Kd2.75nMCHEMBL_ACT_337789
ADRA2A8.4Kd3.98nMCHEMBL_ACT_390594
ADRA2A8.35Ki4.47nMCHEMBL_ACT_23231358
P193288.29Kd5.13nMCHEMBL_ACT_612326
ADRA2A8.15Ki7.08nMCHEMBL_ACT_2459904
ADRA2A8.15Ki7.08nMCHEMBL_ACT_8058403
P193288.12Ki7.59nMCHEMBL_ACT_741675
P193288.11Kd7.76nMCHEMBL_ACT_1001731
P193288.11Kd7.76nMCHEMBL_ACT_389741
P193288.11Kd7.76nMCHEMBL_ACT_389748
NISCH8.1Ki7.94nMCHEMBL_ACT_111986
ADRA2A8.1Ki8nMCHEMBL_ACT_2020364
ADRA2A8.08IC508.32nMCHEMBL_ACT_968817
P193288.07Kd8.51nMCHEMBL_ACT_336702
P193288.04Kd9.12nMCHEMBL_ACT_321128
P193288.04Kd9.12nMCHEMBL_ACT_729282
P193288.01Kd9.77nMCHEMBL_ACT_50833
P193288Ki10nMCHEMBL_ACT_1001730
P193288Ki10nMCHEMBL_ACT_389740
P193288Ki10nMCHEMBL_ACT_389746
P193287.96Ki10.96nMCHEMBL_ACT_248492
P193287.96Ki10.96nMCHEMBL_ACT_390593
P193287.96Ki10.96nMCHEMBL_ACT_741674
P193287.93Kd11.75nMCHEMBL_ACT_890274
ADRA2C7.75Ki17.78nMCHEMBL_ACT_2459945
ADRA2C7.75Ki17.78nMCHEMBL_ACT_8058421
P193287.73Kd18.62nMCHEMBL_ACT_1177188
ADRA2C7.72Ki19nMCHEMBL_ACT_2020366
ADRA2B7.71IC5019.5nMCHEMBL_ACT_968818
P193287.68IC5021nMCHEMBL_ACT_170912
ADRA2B7.64Ki22.91nMCHEMBL_ACT_2459925
ADRA2B7.64Ki22.91nMCHEMBL_ACT_8058412
MAOA7.55Ki28nMCHEMBL_ACT_1123266
P193287.49Kd32.36nMCHEMBL_ACT_336705
ADRA2A7.41Kd38.9nMCHEMBL_ACT_336704
ADRA2A7.29Ki51.29nMCHEMBL_ACT_1923959
ADRA2A7.29Ki51.29nMCHEMBL_ACT_2500575
ADRA2A7.28Kd52.48nMCHEMBL_ACT_890275
ADRA2C7.27IC5053.7nMCHEMBL_ACT_968819
ADRA2B7Ki100nMCHEMBL_ACT_2020365
ADRA1D6.85Kd141.2nMCHEMBL_ACT_336706
P158236.58Ki261nMCHEMBL_ACT_389745
P158236.57Kd269.1nMCHEMBL_ACT_505910
NISCH6.52Ki300nMCHEMBL_ACT_481508
P158236.48Ki332nMCHEMBL_ACT_1001733
P158236.42Kd380.2nMCHEMBL_ACT_1001734
P158236.42Kd380.2nMCHEMBL_ACT_389747
P158236.39Ki403nMCHEMBL_ACT_890272
P181306.3Ki500nMCHEMBL_ACT_1177187
P158236.3Kd501.2nMCHEMBL_ACT_612327
P158236.16Kd691.8nMCHEMBL_ACT_321129
P158236.16Kd691.8nMCHEMBL_ACT_729283
P158236.1Kd794.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_1177189
P158236.1Ki794.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_248491
P158236.1Kd794.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_337790
P158236.1Ki794.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_390592
P158236.1Ki794.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_741673
MAOA6IC501000nMCHEMBL_ACT_16268107
MAOB6IC501000nMCHEMBL_ACT_16283362
MAOA6IC501000nMCHEMBL_ACT_26581794
MAOB6IC501000nMCHEMBL_ACT_26581866
P158236Kd1000nMCHEMBL_ACT_336703
P158235.98Kd1047nMCHEMBL_ACT_50832
Q4G0175.9Ki1259nMCHEMBL_ACT_16610435
NISCH5.9Ki1255nMCHEMBL_ACT_2563370
NISCH5.9Ki1256nMCHEMBL_ACT_2564061
P158235.78IC501650nMCHEMBL_ACT_170913
ADRA1A5.54IC502884nMCHEMBL_ACT_968816
MTOR5.33Potency4645nMCHEMBL_ACT_4522133
MTOR5.18Potency6561nMCHEMBL_ACT_3919367

Target pathways

Aggregated over 3 target gene(s): ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C.

Top Reactome pathways

19 total, by targets touching each:

PathwayTargetsGenes
Hemostasis3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
Signal Transduction3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
Signaling by GPCR3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
Amine ligand-binding receptors3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
GPCR downstream signalling3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
Adrenoceptors3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
Adrenaline signalling through Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
G alpha (i) signalling events3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
G alpha (z) signalling events3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
GPCR ligand binding3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation)3ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
Metabolism2ADRA2A, ADRA2C
Integration of energy metabolism2ADRA2A, ADRA2C
Metabolism of proteins2ADRA2A, ADRA2C
Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion2ADRA2A, ADRA2C
Regulation of insulin secretion2ADRA2A, ADRA2C
Surfactant metabolism2ADRA2A, ADRA2C

Dominant GO biological processes

GO termTargets
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway3
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway3
negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion3
regulation of vasoconstriction3
platelet activation3
negative regulation of epinephrine secretion3
positive regulation of MAPK cascade3
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction3
adrenergic receptor signaling pathway3
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway3
regulation of smooth muscle contraction3
signal transduction3
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway2
female pregnancy2
negative regulation of insulin secretion2

Indications & clinical

Indications

1 disease in clinical trials (phase 1–3, investigational — not approved indications). Highest ChEMBL trial phase per disease; a non-cancer approved use is occasionally logged at phase 3 here.

Disease (in trials)PhaseMONDOEFO
major depressive disorder3MONDO:0002009MONDO:0002009

Clinical trials

Total trials: 3.

Phase distribution

PhaseTrials
EARLY_PHASE12
PHASE31

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT00294944PHASE3WITHDRAWNThe Effectiveness of Idazoxan in Treating TRD
NCT02323217EARLY_PHASE1COMPLETEDI2PETHV - Imidazoline2 Binding Site in Healthy Volunteers
NCT02874820EARLY_PHASE1TERMINATEDI2PETPG - Imidazoline2 Binding Sites in a Group of Participants Diagnosed With AD

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

607 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 100 by shared-target count:

MoleculeSourceStatusShared targets
ACLIDINIUM BROMIDEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
AfatinibChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
AlmotriptanChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CHENODIOLChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CLOZAPINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CRIZOTINIBChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
DESLORATADINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
DIHYDROERGOTAMINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
GENTIAN VIOLETChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
NAPHAZOLINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
OLANZAPINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
OLODATEROLChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
PALIPERIDONEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
PRAMIPEXOLEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
TAMSULOSINChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
TEGASERODChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
ACETOPHENAZINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
ALFUZOSINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
AMISULPRIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
AMITRIPTYLINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
AMOXAPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
APOMORPHINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
APRACLONIDINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
ARIPIPRAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
ASENAPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
ASTEMIZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
AZELASTINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
BAZEDOXIFENEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
BENFLUOREXChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
BENPERIDOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
BENZBROMARONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
BENZQUINAMIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
BENZTHIAZIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
BENZTROPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
BITHIONOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
BREXPIPRAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
BRIMONIDINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
BROMOCRIPTINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
BROMPERIDOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CABERGOLINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CANDESARTAN CILEXETILChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CARIPRAZINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CARVEDILOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CHLORHEXIDINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CHLOROQUINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CHLORPROMAZINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CINNARIZINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CISAPRIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CLEMASTINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CLOMIPRAMINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CLONIDINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CLOTRIMAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
CYPROHEPTADINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
DANAZOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
DARIFENACINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
DEXMEDETOMIDINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
DIETHYLSTILBESTROLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
DOBUTAMINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
DOMPERIDONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
DOTHIEPINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
DOXAZOSINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
DOXEPINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
DROPERIDOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
EBASTINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
ECONAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
EPINEPHRINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
ERGOTAMINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
FLUPHENAZINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
GUANABENZChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
GUANFACINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
HALOPERIDOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
HALOPROGINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
HYDROXYZINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
ILOPERIDONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
INDORAMINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
IPRINDOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
KETOTIFENChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
LABETALOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
LASOFOXIFENEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
LOFEXIDINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
LORCASERINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
LOXAPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
LURASIDONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
MAPROTILINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
MEBEVERINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
METHYLERGONOVINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
METHYSERGIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
MIANSERINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
MIRTAZAPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
MOLINDONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
MONTELUKASTChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
MOXISYLYTEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
MOXONIDINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
NAFTOPIDILChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
NEBIVOLOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
NEFAZODONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
NOREPINEPHRINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
NORTRIPTYLINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
OXICONAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C