Inosine
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Also known as Hypoxanthine ribosideHypoxanthosineINO-1001InosinaInotinNSC-20262SID8139984inosinSID144205075SID170465655
Summary
Inosine (CHEMBL1556) is a phase-3 clinical-stage small molecule (ATC D06BB05); indicated across 14 conditions including viral infectious disease and obstructive jaundice.
At a glance
- Status: Max clinical phase 3 (not approved)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: D06BB05 (+2 more)
- Indications: 14 conditions
- Clinical trials: 16
- Chemistry: 268.23 Da · C10H12N4O5
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1556 |
| Name | Inosine |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 3 |
| FDA approved | no |
| PubChem CID | 135398641 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:17596 |
| ATC | D06BB05, G01AX02, S01XA10 |
| Molecular formula | C10H12N4O5 |
| Molecular weight | 268.23 |
| InChIKey | UGQMRVRMYYASKQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N |
SMILES: C1=NC2=C(C(=O)N1)N=CN2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O
IUPAC name: 9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-6-one
ChEBI definition: A purine nucleoside in which hypoxanthine is attached to ribofuranose via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): human metabolite, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, Escherichia coli metabolite, mouse metabolite.
Also known as: Hypoxanthine riboside, Hypoxanthosine, INO-1001, Inosina, Inosine, Inotin, NSC-20262, inosine, SID8139984, inosin, INOSINE, SID144205075
Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1213651, CHEMBL3833327
Patent coverage: 45,953 distinct patent families (151,796 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 4 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 150,944 (99%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 2 (assay-derived). Sample: Survival motor neuron protein, Ferritin light chain.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 2 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 2 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P02791 | 6.05 | Potency | 891.3 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4501044 |
| SMN1 | 5.9 | Potency | 1259 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3882367 |
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
14 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| viral infectious disease | 3 | MONDO:0005108 | EFO:0000763 |
| obstructive jaundice | 3 | MONDO:0006874 | EFO:1001068 |
| eye disorder | 3 | MONDO:0005328 | EFO:0003966 |
| diabetic neuropathy | 3 | MONDO:0006626 | EFO:1000783 |
| Parkinson disease | 3 | MONDO:0005180 | MONDO:0005180 |
| stroke disorder | 3 | MONDO:0005098 | EFO:0000712 |
| relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis | 2 | MONDO:0005314 | EFO:0003929 |
| multiple system atrophy | 2 | MONDO:0007803 | EFO:1001050 |
| acute myocardial infarction | 2 | MONDO:0004781 | EFO:0008583 |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | 2 | MONDO:0004976 | MONDO:0004976 |
| neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0005070 | EFO:0000616 |
| triple-negative breast carcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0005494 | EFO:0005537 |
| melanoma | 1 | MONDO:0005105 | EFO:0000756 |
| HIV infectious disease | 1 | MONDO:0005109 | EFO:0000764 |
Clinical trials
Total trials: 16.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE2 | 6 |
| PHASE1 | 4 |
| Not specified | 3 |
| PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT02642393 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study of Urate Elevation in Parkinson’s Disease, Phase 3 |
| NCT03418935 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Remaxol® in Mechanical Jaundice of Non-malignant Origin |
| NCT05809336 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Gut Microbial Metabolites Inosine Combined With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor for Patients With Malignant Advanced Solid Tumors |
| NCT00067327 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Using Over the Counter Inosine |
| NCT00271167 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | A Trial of INO-1001 in Patients Undergoing Heart Surgery That Involves Heart-lung Bypass |
| NCT00271765 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | A Study of INO-1001, an Intravenous PARP (Poly [ADP Ribose] Polymerase) Inhibitor in Acute Heart Attack Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention |
| NCT00833690 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety of Urate Elevation in Parkinson’s Disease |
| NCT03168711 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety of Urate Elevation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) |
| NCT06355024 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Inosine Reverse Chemo Resistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer |
| NCT07170475 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | A Phase Ib Trial of Combined Febuxostat and Inosine Therapy in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease |
| NCT00272415 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | A Study of Intravenous INO-1001 Plus Oral Temozolomide to Evaluate Tolerability, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics in Patients With Melanoma |
| NCT02288091 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Pilot Study of Inosine in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) |
| NCT02614469 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Food-Drug Interaction Study of Serum Urate After Oral Inosine |
| NCT04890808 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Therapeutic Antioxidant Supplementation |
| NCT04476238 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Inosine Energy Expenditure Study |
| NCT05297851 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Cytoflavin in Combination With Reperfusion in Stroke Patients |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).