Isoniazid
drugOn this page
Also known as ArmazidArmazideAtcotibineCedinCotinazinDianicotylDow-isoniazidEralonErtubanHidrasonilHydrazidHyzydInhIpcazideIscotinIsidrinaIsobicinaIsoniazid component of rifamateIsoniazid component of rifater
Summary
Isoniazid (CHEMBL64) is an approved small-molecule antitubercular agent (ATC J04AC51); indicated across 12 conditions including pulmonary tuberculosis and hiv infectious disease.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: J04AC51 (+1 more)
- Indications: 12 conditions
- Clinical trials: 144
- Chemistry: 137.14 Da · C6H7N3O
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL64 |
| Name | Isoniazid |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 3767 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:6030 |
| ATC | J04AC51, J04AC01 |
| Molecular formula | C6H7N3O |
| Molecular weight | 137.14 |
| InChIKey | QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
SMILES: C1=CN=CC=C1C(=O)NN
IUPAC name: pyridine-4-carbohydrazide
ChEBI definition: A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation between pyridine-4-carboxylic acid and hydrazine.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antitubercular agent, drug allergen.
Also known as: Armazid, Armazide, Atcotibine, Cedin, Cotinazin, Dianicotyl, Dow-isoniazid, Eralon, Ertuban, Hidrasonil, Hydrazid, Hyzyd
Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1090644, CHEMBL1091433
Patent coverage: 48,949 distinct patent families (145,319 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 13 (assay-derived). Sample: Lysine-specific demethylase 4E, Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma, 4’-phosphopantetheinyl transferase ffp, Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH], Myeloperoxidase, Adenosine receptor A3, Cytochrome P450 2D6, Cytochrome P450 1A2, Cytochrome P450 3A4, Cytochrome P450 2C19.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 13 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 25 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P9WGR1 | 9.12 | Ki | 0.75 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25707970 |
| P9WNX1 | 9 | Ki | 1 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_5218625 |
| P9WGR1 | 7.8 | Ki | 16 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25707969 |
| CYP3A4 | 5.4 | Potency | 3981 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_5010066 |
| CYP3A4 | 5.4 | Potency | 3981 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_5078437 |
| CYP3A4 | 5.4 | AC50 | 3981 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_6005526 |
| MPO | 5.33 | IC50 | 4700 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_16843827 |
| MPO | 5.3 | IC50 | 5000 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_16843814 |
| P08659 | 5.3 | Potency | 5012 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3957925 |
| CYP1A2 | 5.2 | AC50 | 6310 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_6020706 |
| KDM4E | 5.15 | Potency | 7080 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3727561 |
| P9WGR1 | 5.08 | IC50 | 8290 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_19489068 |
| CYP2C19 | 5 | Ki | 10000 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_6075038 |
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
12 indications (4 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| pulmonary tuberculosis | 4 | MONDO:0006052 | EFO:1000049 |
| HIV infectious disease | 4 | MONDO:0005109 | EFO:0000764 |
| silicosis | 4 | MONDO:0005960 | EFO:0007485 |
| tuberculosis | 4 | MONDO:0018076 | MONDO:0018076 |
| meningitis | 3 | MONDO:0021108 | MONDO:0021108 |
| AIDS | 2 | MONDO:0012268 | EFO:0000765 |
| multidrug-resistant tuberculosis | 2 | MONDO:0005861 | EFO:0007381 |
| ulcer disease | 2 | MONDO:0043839 | MONDO:0043839 |
| metastatic melanoma | 1 | MONDO:0005191 | EFO:0002617 |
| osteomyelitis | 0 | MONDO:0005246 | EFO:0003102 |
2 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 144.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE3 | 36 |
| PHASE2 | 31 |
| Not specified | 28 |
| PHASE4 | 21 |
| PHASE1 | 12 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 9 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 7 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00164281 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study of Limited Versus Continuous Isoniazid Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in HIV-infected Persons in Botswana |
| NCT00293228 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection With Isoniazid |
| NCT00298870 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Randomized Trial for Pharmacogenomics-based Tuberculosis Therapy (RT-PGTT) |
| NCT00728546 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | NAT2 in Re-challenge of INH in Patients With Hepatitis |
| NCT01223534 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Infection in Contact Tracing Study. |
| NCT01380080 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | REMEMBER: Reducing Early Mortality & Morbidity by Empiric Tuberculosis (TB) Treatment |
| NCT01395654 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Reintroduction Regimens After Hepatitis During Anti-tuberculosis Treatment |
| NCT01494038 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Evaluating the Safety of Immediate Versus Deferred Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women |
| NCT01782950 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics of Antituberculosis Drugs and Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes |
| NCT01875952 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Diagnosis and Treatment of Co-infection With Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Latent Tuberculosis Infection (HIV/TBL) |
| NCT02057796 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Systematic Empirical vs. Test-guided Anti-TB Treatment Impact in Severely Immunosuppressed HIV-infected Adults Initiating ART With CD4 Cell Counts <100/mm3 |
| NCT02331823 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Research on New Regimens for Retreatment Pulmonary Tuberculosis |
| NCT02477852 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | The Optimal Duration of Preoperative Anti-tuberculosis Treatment of Spinal Tuberculosis |
| NCT02901288 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Shortened Regimens for Drug-susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis |
| NCT03028129 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Prevention of Tuberculosis in Prisons |
| NCT03266991 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis in Socially Marginalised Citizens |
| NCT03498534 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Evaluation of Diabetes Control and Effect on Transmission and Development of Tuberculosis |
| NCT04499989 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Vaginal Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide (INH) Administration Prior to T380A Intrauterine Device Insertion |
| NCT04500015 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Vaginal Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide Administration Prior to Intrauterine Device Insertion |
| NCT04500028 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Vaginal Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide Administration Prior to Insertion Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System |
| NCT04500522 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Vaginal Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide Prior to Diagnostic Office Hysteroscopy in Primarily Infertile Patients |
| NCT03568383 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Protecting Households On Exposure to Newly Diagnosed Index Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients |
| NCT03785106 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Among Latent Tuberculosis Infection in HIV-infected Individuals |
| NCT04485156 | PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Treatment Shortening of Drug-Sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using High Dose Rifampicin (Hi-DoRi-3) |
| NCT04951986 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Testing New Strategies for Patients Hospitalised With HIV-associated Disseminated Tuberculosis |
| NCT05454345 | PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Sitafloxacin-containing Regimens for Shortening Tuberculosis Treatment |
| NCT05766267 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Short-course Regimens for the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis |
| NCT05917340 | PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Intensified Short Course Regimen for TBM in Adults |
| NCT05994742 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | An Adaptive Multi-arm Trial to Improve Clinical Outcomes Among Children Recovering From Complicated SAM |
| NCT06022146 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | TB YOUTH - TB sYstemic Management Using One-month, Ultra-short TPT Regimen for scHool Contacts |
| NCT06191692 | PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | 1HP Versus 3HR in the Treatment of Tuberculosis Infection in Vietnam |
| NCT06253715 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Shortened Regimen for Drug-susceptible TB in Children |
| NCT06568484 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Bedaquiline Roll-out Evidence in Contacts and People Living With HIV to Prevent TB |
| NCT06618573 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Safety of Administering Isoniazid to SLE Patients to Prevent TB |
| NCT00001033 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | The Treatment of Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients |
| NCT00023335 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | TBTC Study 22: Efficacy of Once-Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Treatment of Tuberculosis |
| NCT00023348 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | TBTC Study 23A: Pharmacokinetics of Intermittent Isoniazid and Rifabutin in HIV-TB |
| NCT00057122 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Tuberculosis Prevention for HIV Infected Adults |
| NCT00080119 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Daily Isoniazid to Prevent Tuberculosis in Infants Born to Mothers With HIV |
| NCT00128206 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Treatment of Latent TB Infection for Jailed Persons |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline, but PharmGKB curates 23 clinical and 238 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).