Ketoprofen
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Also known as (rs)-ketoprofen19583RPActronActron ketoprofenAlrheumatAneolAxoridCapistenFenoket 200Hydratropic acidm-benzoyl-IDEA-033Iso-kJomethid xlKetocid 200KetonalKetoprofeneKetoprofenoKetorin
Summary
Ketoprofen (CHEMBL571) is an approved small-molecule non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ATC M01AE53) targeting PTGS1, PTGS2, and SLC5A8; indicated across 21 conditions including rheumatic disorder and rheumatoid arthritis.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: M01AE53 (+2 more)
- Targets: 3 (PTGS1, PTGS2, SLC5A8)
- Indications: 21 conditions
- Clinical trials: 103
- Chemistry: 254.28 Da · C16H14O3
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL571 |
| Name | Ketoprofen |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 3825 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:6128 |
| ATC | M01AE53, M01AE03, M02AA10 |
| Molecular formula | C16H14O3 |
| Molecular weight | 254.28 |
| InChIKey | DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
SMILES: CC(C1=CC(=CC=C1)C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O
IUPAC name: 2-(3-benzoylphenyl)propanoic acid
ChEBI definition: An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, antipyretic, EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor, drug allergen.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): environmental contaminant, xenobiotic.
Also known as: (rs)-ketoprofen, 19583RP, Actron, Actron ketoprofen, Alrheumat, Aneol, Axorid, Capisten, Fenoket 200, Hydratropic acid, m-benzoyl-, IDEA-033
Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL341922, CHEMBL4650345
Patent coverage: 26,892 distinct patent families (103,580 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 102,006 (98%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).
| Gene | Target | Action | pAffinity | Cancer dependency | UniProt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTGS1 | COX-1 | Inhibition | 6.48 | 0% | P23219 |
| PTGS2 | COX-2 | Inhibition | 6.16 | 0% | P35354 |
| SLC5A8 | SMCT1 | Inhibition | 3.92 | 0.2% | Q8N695 |
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 19 (assay-derived). Sample: Microtubule-associated protein tau, Lysine-specific demethylase 4E, Survival motor neuron protein, Prelamin-A/C, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], Peripheral myelin protein 22, Solute carrier family 22 member 6, Solute carrier family 22 member 6, Beta-lactamase, Solute carrier family 22 member 7.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 26 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 33 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTGS1 | 8.7 | IC50 | 2 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25650357 |
| PTGS1 | 8.7 | IC50 | 2 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_706892 |
| PTGS1 | 7.85 | IC50 | 14 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7773997 |
| PTGS2 | 7.58 | IC50 | 26 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25650358 |
| PTGS2 | 7.58 | IC50 | 26 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_706891 |
| Q63921 | 7.47 | AC50 | 34 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25174523 |
| P05979 | 7.46 | IC50 | 35 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25908876 |
| SMN1 | 7.3 | Potency | 50.1 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3867639 |
| PTGS2 | 7.21 | IC50 | 61 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_16410614 |
| P05979 | 7.17 | IC50 | 67 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_16410634 |
| P05979 | 6.96 | IC50 | 110 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_18666389 |
| PTGS2 | 6.79 | IC50 | 164 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25908889 |
| P79208 | 6.75 | IC50 | 180 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_18666375 |
| LMNA | 6.5 | Potency | 316.2 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3622971 |
| PTGS1 | 6.48 | IC50 | 330 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_2242266 |
| O35956 | 6.3 | IC50 | 500 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_11000879 |
| PTGS2 | 6.16 | IC50 | 690 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_2242268 |
| PTGS2 | 6.11 | IC50 | 785 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7773999 |
| P05979 | 6.1 | IC50 | 800 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_15095826 |
| SLC22A6 | 5.89 | IC50 | 1300 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_11000914 |
| SLC22A6 | 5.85 | IC50 | 1400 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_11000919 |
| Q5RLM2 | 5.74 | Ki | 1840 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_11002337 |
| P00811 | 5.45 | Potency | 3548 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4663871 |
| PTGS2 | 5.42 | IC50 | 3800 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_15095840 |
| MAPT | 5.4 | Potency | 3981 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4012320 |
| MAPK1 | 5.05 | Potency | 8912 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4717573 |
Target pathways
Aggregated over 3 target gene(s): PTGS1, PTGS2, SLC5A8.
Top Reactome pathways
19 total, by targets touching each:
| Pathway | Targets | Genes |
|---|---|---|
| Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX) | 2 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| COX reactions | 1 | PTGS1 |
| Metabolism | 1 | SLC5A8 |
| Nicotinate metabolism | 1 | SLC5A8 |
| Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors | 1 | SLC5A8 |
| Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors | 1 | SLC5A8 |
| R-HSA-197264 | 1 | SLC5A8 |
| Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives | 1 | PTGS2 |
| Transport of small molecules | 1 | SLC5A8 |
| R-HSA-425393 | 1 | SLC5A8 |
| SLC-mediated transmembrane transport | 1 | SLC5A8 |
| Organic anion transport by SLC5/17/25 transporters | 1 | SLC5A8 |
| Interleukin-10 signaling | 1 | PTGS2 |
| Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling | 1 | PTGS2 |
| Biosynthesis of DHA-derived SPMs | 1 | PTGS2 |
| Biosynthesis of EPA-derived SPMs | 1 | PTGS2 |
| Biosynthesis of DPAn-3 SPMs | 1 | PTGS2 |
| Biosynthesis of electrophilic ω-3 PUFA oxo-derivatives | 1 | PTGS2 |
| SLC-mediated transport of inorganic anions | 1 | SLC5A8 |
Dominant GO biological processes
| GO term | Targets |
|---|---|
| prostaglandin biosynthetic process | 2 |
| response to oxidative stress | 2 |
| regulation of blood pressure | 2 |
| cyclooxygenase pathway | 2 |
| regulation of cell population proliferation | 2 |
| long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process | 2 |
| lipid metabolic process | 2 |
| fatty acid metabolic process | 2 |
| fatty acid biosynthetic process | 2 |
| prostaglandin metabolic process | 2 |
| prostanoid biosynthetic process | 2 |
| cellular oxidant detoxification | 2 |
| embryo implantation | 1 |
| response to nematode | 1 |
| response to selenium ion | 1 |
Indications & clinical
Indications
21 indications (7 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| rheumatic disorder | 4 | MONDO:0005554 | EFO:0005755 |
| rheumatoid arthritis | 4 | MONDO:0008383 | EFO:0000685 |
| osteoarthritis | 4 | MONDO:0005178 | MONDO:0005178 |
| osteoarthritis, knee | 3 | MONDO:0005416 | EFO:0004616 |
| injury | 3 | MONDO:0021178 | EFO:0000546 |
| disease of the tendon | 3 | MONDO:0100010 | MONDO:0004857 |
| bursitis | 3 | MONDO:0002471 | MONDO:0002471 |
| migraine disorder | 3 | MONDO:0005277 | MONDO:0005277 |
| periodontitis | 2 | MONDO:0005076 | EFO:0000649 |
| reproductive system disorder | 2 | MONDO:0005039 | EFO:0000512 |
| multiple sclerosis | 2 | MONDO:0005301 | MONDO:0005301 |
| nephrolithiasis | 1 | MONDO:0008171 | EFO:0004253 |
9 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 103.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE4 | 42 |
| PHASE3 | 25 |
| Not specified | 19 |
| PHASE2 | 9 |
| PHASE1 | 5 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 3 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07176572 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Analgesic Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Dexketoprofen in Renal Colic |
| NCT00553605 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Efficacy And Safety Of Parecoxib 40mg vs. Ketoprofen 100mg In The Management Of Acute Renal Colic |
| NCT00799838 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Evaluation of Inflammatory Symptoms Reduction With Amoxicillin + Ketoprofen in Acute Pharyngeal Tonsillitis in Pediatric Patients |
| NCT01422291 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | IV Paracetamol, Dexketoprofen or Morphine for the Treatment of Low Back Pain |
| NCT01558622 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Intraoperative Use of Dexketoprofen Trometamol, Pethidine Hcl, Tramadol Hcl and Their Combinations for Postoperative Pain Management in Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication |
| NCT01566253 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Oral Self Medication Versus IV Administration of Pain Killers After Caesarian Delivery |
| NCT01685658 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Intravenous Paracetamol Versus Ketoprofen When Treating Renal Colic in Emergency Situations |
| NCT01730326 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Intravenous Dexketoprofen and Paracetamol in the Treatment of Headache Caused by Acute Migraine Attack |
| NCT01816334 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Safety and Efficacy of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory (NSAI)Drug and Glucocorticoids in Acute Sciatica |
| NCT01882530 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Non-opioid Analgesic Combination With Morphine for Postoperative Analgesia. |
| NCT02018601 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Intercostal Nerves Block in the Midaxillary Line Versus Paravertebral Block for no Reconstructive Breast Surgery |
| NCT02086097 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Dexketoprofen Trometamol in Postoperative Endodontic Pain |
| NCT02092012 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Comparison of Preemptive Analgesic Effects of Dexketoprofen Versus Dexmedetomidine on Abdominal Hysterectomy Patients |
| NCT02159547 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | IV Dexketoprofen vs Placebo in Migranie Attack |
| NCT02160236 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Intravenous Dexketoprofen Trometamol With Tenoxicam |
| NCT02238340 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Oxycodone Extended-release in the Treatment of Perioperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Orthopaedic Surgery |
| NCT02248493 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Intravenous Paracetamol for Postoperative Pain |
| NCT02257970 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Lymphedema Study for Arm or Leg Lymphedema |
| NCT02285972 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Efficacy of Intravenous Dexketoprofen and Tenoxicam on Propofol Associated Injection Pain |
| NCT02373514 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | IV Paracetamol Versus IV Dexketoprofen in Dysmenorrhea |
| NCT02380001 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Analgesic Preoperative/Postoperative Dexketoprofen Trometamol in Third Molar Surgery |
| NCT02491736 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Ketoprofen Gel vs Placebo in Children With Ankle Sprain |
| NCT02491879 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Ketoprofen Gel vs Placebo in Low Back Pain |
| NCT02568735 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Dexketoprofen and Etoricoxib in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty |
| NCT02638831 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Ketorol Gel in Gonarthrosis and Low Back Pain |
| NCT02730026 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy of Ketoprofen, Associated or Not With Omeprazole in Lower Third Molar Removal |
| NCT02804126 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Two Pain-treatment Techniques After Cesarean Section |
| NCT02929147 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of the Postoperative Analgesia Methods |
| NCT03107338 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Preventive Treatment of Pain After Dental Implant Surgery |
| NCT03122314 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Efficacy of Intravenous Paracetamol and Dexketoprofen for Acute Nontraumatic Musculoskeletal Pain |
| NCT03244540 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Regional Analgesia After Cesarean Section |
| NCT03404908 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | TAP vs QLB in Patients After Cesarean Delivery |
| NCT03428503 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Efficacy of Intravenous Paracetamol and Dexketoprofen for Acute Traumatic Musculoskeletal Pain |
| NCT03768882 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of the Efficacy of Intravenous Dexketoprofen and Paracetamol in the Treatment of Sore Throat |
| NCT04200885 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Is Therapeutic Elastic Bandage As Effective As Corticosteroids Following Third Molar Surgery? |
| NCT04372264 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Intravenous Paracetamol, Dexketoprofen and Ibuprofen in the Treatment of Acute Migraine Attack Headache |
| NCT04533568 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Ibuprofen in Migraine Patients |
| NCT04609254 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Paracetamol, Dexketoprofen and Ibuprofen In Non-Traumatic Acute Low Back Pain |
| NCT06060236 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Dexketoprofen and Ibuprofen in Long Bone Fractures |
| NCT06558916 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy of Dexketoprofen Trometamol, Meperidine, and Paracetamol in Renal Colic |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline, but PharmGKB curates 3 clinical and 16 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).
Related molecules
Related molecules
Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.
407 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:
| Molecule | Source | Status | Shared targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| FENOPROFEN | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, SLC5A8 |
| 3,3’,4’,5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| ACEMETACIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| ASPIRIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| BROMFENAC | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| CAPSAICIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| CAPTOPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| CARPROFEN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| CELECOXIB | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| CIANIDANOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| DEXIBUPROFEN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| DEXKETOPROFEN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| DICLOFENAC | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| DIETHYLSTILBESTROL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| DOXORUBICIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| ESFLURBIPROFEN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| ETODOLAC | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| ETORICOXIB | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| FLURBIPROFEN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| GLAFENINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| HEXACHLOROPHENE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| IBUPROFEN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| INDOMETHACIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| KETOROLAC | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| LEVODOPA | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| LOXOPROFEN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| LUMIRACOXIB | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| MECLOFENAMIC ACID | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| MEFENAMIC ACID | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| MELOXICAM | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| MOFEZOLAC | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| MONOBENZONE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| NAPROXEN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| NIMESULIDE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| OMADACYCLINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| OXAPROZIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| PIROXICAM | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| PRIMAQUINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| RANITIDINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| ROFECOXIB | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| SELINEXOR | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| SUPROFEN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| TEGASEROD | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| TELOTRISTAT | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| TOLMETIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| TROGLITAZONE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| VALDECOXIB | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| VORTIOXETINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| CURCUMIN | ChEMBL | Phase 3 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| RESVERATROL | ChEMBL | Phase 3 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| CIMICOXIB | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| DERACOXIB | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| ENOFELAST | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| FIROCOXIB | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| FLUFENAMIC ACID | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| LICOFELONE | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| MAVACOXIB | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| MIROPROFEN | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| NIFLUMIC ACID | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
| PHENOTHIAZINE | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | PTGS1, PTGS2 |
Related Atlas pages
- Genes: PTGS1, PTGS2, SLC5A8
- Diseases: rheumatic disorder, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoarthritis, knee, injury, disease of the tendon, bursitis, migraine disorder
- Drugs: Fenoprofen, 3,3’,4’,5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE, Acemetacin, Aspirin, Bromfenac, Capsaicin, Captopril, Carprofen, Celecoxib, Cianidanol, Dexibuprofen, Diclofenac, Diethylstilbestrol, Doxorubicin, Esflurbiprofen, Etodolac, Etoricoxib, Flurbiprofen, Glafenine, Hexachlorophene, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Ketorolac, Levodopa, Loxoprofen, Lumiracoxib, Meclofenamic Acid, Mefenamic Acid, Meloxicam, Mofezolac, Monobenzone, Naproxen, Nimesulide, Omadacycline, Oxaprozin, Piroxicam, Primaquine, Ranitidine, Rofecoxib, Selinexor, Suprofen, Tegaserod, Telotristat, Tolmetin, Troglitazone, Valdecoxib, Vortioxetine, Curcumin, Resveratrol