Levamisole
drugOn this page
Also known as LevamisolTCMDC-125847Tetramisole, (s)-SID90341409[3H]-LevamisoleLEVAMISOLE/ERGAMISOL
Summary
Levamisole (CHEMBL1454) is an approved small-molecule antinematodal drug (ATC P02CE01); indicated across 5 conditions including helminthiasis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: P02CE01
- Indications: 5 conditions
- Clinical trials: 14
- Chemistry: 204.29 Da · C11H12N2S
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1454 |
| Name | Levamisole |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 26879 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:6432 |
| ATC | P02CE01 |
| Molecular formula | C11H12N2S |
| Molecular weight | 204.29 |
| InChIKey | HLFSDGLLUJUHTE-SNVBAGLBSA-N |
SMILES: C1CSC2=N[C@H](CN21)C3=CC=CC=C3
IUPAC name: (6S)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole
ChEBI definition: A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antinematodal drug, antirheumatic drug, immunomodulator, immunological adjuvant, EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor.
Also known as: Levamisol, Levamisole, TCMDC-125847, Tetramisole, (s)-, levamisole, SID90341409, LEVAMISOLE, [3H]-Levamisole, LEVAMISOLE/ERGAMISOL
Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1770
Patent coverage: 15,173 distinct patent families (56,423 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 6 (assay-derived). Sample: Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor, D(1A) dopamine receptor, Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2, Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme, Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 2 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 12 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DRD1 | 5.8 | AC50 | 1600 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25181076 |
| P09487 | 5.74 | Ki | 1810 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_15185500 |
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
5 indications (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| helminthiasis | 4 | MONDO:0004664 | EFO:1001342 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0007256 | EFO:0000182 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome | 3 | MONDO:0005091 | MONDO:0100096 |
| acne | 2 | MONDO:0011438 | EFO:0003894 |
| aplastic anemia | 2 | MONDO:0015909 | HP:0001915 |
Clinical trials
Total trials: 14.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE3 | 5 |
| PHASE2 | 5 |
| PHASE4 | 2 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 2 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05772871 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | The Efficacy and Safety of Prednisone Combined With Huaiqihuang Granule for Primary Nephrotic Syndrome in Children |
| NCT00659997 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Efficacy Albendazole and Levamisole Against STH on Unguja |
| NCT06252961 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | RECRUITING | A 3- to 5-day Clinical Trial of Levamisole in Loiasis Infected Subjects |
| NCT00309530 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Randomized Study on Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Adjuvant Chemo-Immunotherapy in Colon Carcinoma Dukes C |
| NCT01348321 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Efficacy of Azithromycin and Levamisole Versus of Azithromycin in in the Treatment of Acne |
| NCT03950518 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Novel Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| NCT04360122 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Levamisole and Isoprinosine in Immune-prophylaxis of Egyptian Healthcare Workers Facing COVID-19 |
| NCT04383717 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Levamisole and Isoprinosine in the Treatment of COVID19: A Proposed Therapeutic Trial |
| NCT04611373 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Clinical Study on the Efficacy of Acetazolamide Combined With Levamisole in the Treatment of HCC |
| NCT00705692 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Effect of Levamisole Supplementation on Tetanus Vaccination Response Rates in Hemodialysis Patients |
| NCT01579110 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Efficacy and Safety of Levamisole Combined With Standard Prednisolone in Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia. |
| NCT01642979 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Safety and Efficacy of Levamisole Combined With Cyclosporine A in Patients With Classic Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria |
| NCT01760096 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Safety and Efficacy of Levamisole Combined With Cyclosporine A in Patients With Subclinical Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and PNH in the Setting of Another Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes(PNH-2013) |
| NCT02203396 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | A Single-Arm Phase 2 Study With Optimized Standard Protocol for Severe Aplastic Anemia |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline, but PharmGKB curates 0 clinical and 1 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).