Levetiracetam
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Also known as AGB-101DesitrendElepsiaElepsia xrKeppraKeppra xrLevetiracetam accordLevetiracetam actavisLevetiracetam actavis groupLevetiracetam hospiraLevetiracetam in sodium chlorideLevetiracetam ratiopharmLevetiracetam sunLevetiracetam tevaLevetiracetameMateverN03AX14NSC-760119Spritam
Summary
Levetiracetam (CHEMBL1286) is an approved small-molecule anticonvulsant (ATC N03AX14) targeting SV2A; indicated across 44 conditions including epilepsy and visual epilepsy.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: N03AX14
- Targets: 1 (SV2A)
- Indications: 44 conditions
- Clinical trials: 220
- Chemistry: 170.21 Da · C8H14N2O2
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1286 |
| Name | Levetiracetam |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 5284583 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:6437 |
| ATC | N03AX14 |
| Molecular formula | C8H14N2O2 |
| Molecular weight | 170.21 |
| InChIKey | HPHUVLMMVZITSG-LURJTMIESA-N |
SMILES: CC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N1CCCC1=O
IUPAC name: (2S)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide
ChEBI definition: A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): anticonvulsant.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): environmental contaminant, xenobiotic.
Also known as: AGB-101, Desitrend, Elepsia, Elepsia xr, Keppra, Keppra xr, Levetiracetam, Levetiracetam accord, Levetiracetam actavis, Levetiracetam actavis group, Levetiracetam hospira, Levetiracetam in sodium chloride
Patent coverage: 4,160 distinct patent families (13,997 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).
| Gene | Target | Action | pAffinity | Cancer dependency | UniProt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SV2A | synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A | Inhibition | 5.8 | 5.6% | Q7L0J3 |
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 12 (assay-derived). Sample: Carbonic anhydrase 2, Carbonic anhydrase 7, Carbonic anhydrase 1, Carbonic anhydrase 3, Carbonic anhydrase 6, Carbonic anhydrase 12, Carbonic anhydrase 14, Carbonic anhydrase 9, Carbonic anhydrase 4, Carbonic anhydrase 13.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 12 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 12 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA12 | 7.27 | Ki | 54 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29076075 |
| CA9 | 7.05 | Ki | 89 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29076073 |
| CA14 | 5.64 | Ki | 2270 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29076079 |
| CA3 | 5.61 | Ki | 2440 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29076061 |
| CA2 | 5.41 | Ki | 3920 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29076059 |
| CA5B | 5.41 | Ki | 3860 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29076067 |
| CA13 | 5.38 | Ki | 4170 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29076077 |
| CA4 | 5.28 | Ki | 5300 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29076063 |
| CA7 | 5.12 | Ki | 7550 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29076071 |
| CA1 | 5.1 | Ki | 7950 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29076057 |
| CA6 | 5.08 | Ki | 8400 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29076069 |
| CA5A | 5.04 | Ki | 9200 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29076065 |
Target pathways
Aggregated over 1 target gene(s): SV2A.
Top Reactome pathways
9 total, by targets touching each:
| Pathway | Targets | Genes |
|---|---|---|
| Disease | 1 | SV2A |
| Neurotoxicity of clostridium toxins | 1 | SV2A |
| Toxicity of botulinum toxin type D (botD) | 1 | SV2A |
| Toxicity of botulinum toxin type A (botA) | 1 | SV2A |
| Toxicity of botulinum toxin type F (botF) | 1 | SV2A |
| Toxicity of botulinum toxin type E (botE) | 1 | SV2A |
| Uptake and actions of bacterial toxins | 1 | SV2A |
| Infectious disease | 1 | SV2A |
| Bacterial Infection Pathways | 1 | SV2A |
Dominant GO biological processes
| GO term | Targets |
|---|---|
| intracellular calcium ion homeostasis | 1 |
| synaptic vesicle priming | 1 |
| neurotransmitter transport | 1 |
| chemical synaptic transmission | 1 |
| transmembrane transport | 1 |
Indications & clinical
Indications
44 indications (5 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| epilepsy | 4 | MONDO:0005027 | EFO:0000474 |
| visual epilepsy | 4 | MONDO:0001386 | HP:0001250 |
| epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures | 4 | MONDO:0005754 | HP:0002069 |
| panic disorder | 3 | MONDO:0005383 | EFO:0004262 |
| alcohol withdrawal | 3 | MONDO:0005433 | EFO:0004777 |
| subarachnoid hemorrhage | 3 | MONDO:0005099 | EFO:0000713 |
| movement disorder | 3 | MONDO:0005395 | EFO:0004280 |
| focal epilepsy | 3 | MONDO:0005384 | EFO:0004263 |
| anxiety | 3 | MONDO:0011918 | EFO:0005230 |
| dementia | 3 | MONDO:0001627 | HP:0000726 |
| alcohol abuse | 3 | MONDO:0002046 | MONDO:0002046 |
| depressive disorder | 3 | MONDO:0002050 | MONDO:0002050 |
| post-traumatic stress disorder | 2 | MONDO:0005146 | EFO:0001358 |
| glioblastoma | 2 | MONDO:0018177 | EFO:0000519 |
| acute myeloid leukemia | 2 | MONDO:0018874 | EFO:0000222 |
| neuroblastoma | 2 | MONDO:0005072 | EFO:0000621 |
| cocaine dependence | 2 | MONDO:0005186 | EFO:0002610 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 2 | MONDO:0008114 | EFO:0004242 |
| restless legs syndrome | 2 | MONDO:0005391 | EFO:0004270 |
| opiate dependence | 2 | MONDO:0005530 | EFO:0005611 |
| drug-induced dyskinesia | 2 | MONDO:0006732 | EFO:1000904 |
| polyneuropathy | 2 | MONDO:0001824 | EFO:0009562 |
| brain neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0021211 | EFO:0003833 |
| psychotic disorder | 2 | MONDO:0005485 | EFO:0005407 |
| reflex epilepsy | 2 | MONDO:0017768 | MONDO:0015643 |
| Alzheimer disease | 2 | MONDO:0004975 | MONDO:0004975 |
| Parkinson disease | 2 | MONDO:0005180 | MONDO:0005180 |
| sickle cell disease | 2 | MONDO:0011382 | MONDO:0011382 |
| bipolar disorder | 2 | MONDO:0004985 | MONDO:0004985 |
| paraganglioma | 2 | MONDO:0000448 | EFO:1000453 |
| essential tremor | 1 | MONDO:0003233 | EFO:0003108 |
| stroke disorder | 1 | MONDO:0005098 | EFO:0000712 |
| aphasia | 1 | MONDO:0000598 | HP:0002381 |
| Canavan disease | 1 | MONDO:0010079 | MONDO:0010079 |
| follicular lymphoma | 1 | MONDO:0018906 | MONDO:0018906 |
9 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 220.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE3 | 52 |
| PHASE2 | 52 |
| PHASE4 | 46 |
| Not specified | 42 |
| PHASE1 | 16 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 8 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 4 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03048084 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Seizure Treatment in Glioma |
| NCT06403150 | PHASE4 | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | The Efficacy and Safety of Levetiracetam Versus Fosphenytoin in Convulsive Status Epilepticus |
| NCT06866691 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Seizure Prevention in Traumatic Brain Injury With Levetiracetam and Lacosamide |
| NCT07072624 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Early Post-Traumatic Seizures Prevention Trial (E-PTS Trial) |
| NCT07284498 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Treatment of Seizures in Neonate With HIE |
| NCT00160654 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Open Label Safety and Efficacy Study of Levetiracetam in Patients With Epilepsy |
| NCT00181116 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Levetiracetam for Benign Rolandic Epilepsy |
| NCT00223223 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Levetiracetam for Neuroprotection Against Corticosteroid-induced Hippocampal Dysfunction: A Proof of Concept Study |
| NCT00245713 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Determine Effects of Adjunctive Levetiracetam on Sleep Architecture in Adults With Partial Onset Epilepsy. |
| NCT00252954 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Levetiracetam in Chronic Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury |
| NCT00265109 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Effectiveness of Levetiracetam in the Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder |
| NCT00286260 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Levetiracetam for Painful Polyneuropathy |
| NCT00307450 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of Levetiracetam Versus Placebo on Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease |
| NCT00325182 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | The Effects of Levetiracetam on Alcohol Dependent Subjects |
| NCT00370838 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Keppra and Clonidine in the Treatment of Tics |
| NCT00393614 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Levetiracetam Treatment of Children With Subclinical Sleep-Activated Epileptiform Activity (SSEA) |
| NCT00423527 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Levetiracetam in Central Pain in Multiple Sclerosis(MS) |
| NCT00438451 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study on the Treatment of Elderly Patients With Older and Newer Antiepileptic Drugs |
| NCT00510783 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | IV Keppra in the Emergency Department for Prevention of Early Recurrent Seizures |
| NCT00571155 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Trial of Levetiracetam in Patients With Primary Brain Tumors and Symptomatic Seizures Who Undergo Surgery |
| NCT00584025 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Keppra IV for the Treatment of Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson’s Disease |
| NCT00618436 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Assess Safety and Efficacy of Levetiracetam(LEV;Keppra)for Seizure Prevention |
| NCT00630357 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Keppra After Conversion to Mono-therapy in Subjects With Partial Epilepsy |
| NCT00630630 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study on Safety and Efficacy of Levetiracetam in the Adjunctive Treatment of Female Subjects With C1 Catamenial Epilepsy |
| NCT00630968 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | S.K.A.T.E.: Safety of Keppra as Adjunctive Therapy in Epilepsy |
| NCT00631150 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Phase IV-Pharmacovigilance Study of Keppra Greece - S.K.A.T.E.: Safety of Keppra as Adjunctive Therapy in Epilepsy |
| NCT00643500 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Pharmacovigilance Study of Keppra. SPAIN - SKATE : Safety of Keppra as Adjunctive Therapy in Epilepsy |
| NCT00855738 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Prospective, Observational Study On The Effectiveness Of New Antiepileptic Drugs As First Bitherapy In The Daily Clinical Practice |
| NCT01229735 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Levetiracetam Versus Topiramate as Adjunctive Therapy to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety in Subjects With Refractory Partial Onset Seizures |
| NCT01318408 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Levetiracetam: The Anti-Convulsant of Choice for Elderly Patients With Dementia |
| NCT01491113 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Pharmacokinetic (PK) Study in Japanese Non-epileptic Renal Impaired Patients |
| NCT01498822 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Levetiracetam Versus Oxcarbazepine as Monotherapy to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety in Subjects With Newly or Recently Diagnosed Partial Epilepsy |
| NCT01801072 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Seizure Prophylaxis in Aneurysm Repair |
| NCT01935908 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Seizure Prophylaxis With Levetiracetam in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Pilot Study |
| NCT01974700 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Seizure Prophylaxis in Aneurysm Repair |
| NCT02208492 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | The Effects on Cognitive Function of Levetiracetam (Keppra®) Compared to Carbamazepine (Tegretol®, Carmazepine®) as Monotherapy for Children With Partial Seizure; A Multicentric Randomized Controlled Study |
| NCT02334722 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | 1 Week Versus 6 Weeks of Levetiracetam in Surgical Brain Tumor Patients |
| NCT03054285 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Does Short-Term Anti-Seizure Prophylaxis After Traumatic Brain Injury Decrease Seizure Rates? |
| NCT03107507 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Efficacy of Levetiracetam in Control of Neonatal Seizures Guided by an EEG |
| NCT03940326 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Levetiracetam Versus Valproate in Idiopathic Generalized Tonic-clonic Seizures |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).