Levocarnitine
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Also known as CarnitorCarnitor sfLevocarnitinaNSC-759132L-carnitineSID56320718L-CARNITINE FUMARATECarnitine
Summary
Levocarnitine (CHEMBL1149) is an approved small-molecule antilipemic drug (ATC A16AA01); indicated across 34 conditions including chronic kidney disease and brain disorder.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: A16AA01
- Indications: 34 conditions
- Clinical trials: 124
- Chemistry: 161.2 Da · C7H15NO3
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1149 |
| Name | Levocarnitine |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 10917 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16347 |
| ATC | A16AA01 |
| Molecular formula | C7H15NO3 |
| Molecular weight | 161.2 |
| InChIKey | PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N |
SMILES: C[N+](C)(C)C[C@@H](CC(=O)[O-])O
IUPAC name: (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate
ChEBI definition: The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antilipemic drug, water-soluble vitamin (role), nutraceutical, nootropic agent.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite.
Also known as: Carnitor, Carnitor sf, Levocarnitina, Levocarnitine, NSC-759132, L-carnitine, SID56320718, LEVOCARNITINE, levocarnitine, L-Carnitine, L-CARNITINE FUMARATE, Carnitine
Patent coverage: 9,757 distinct patent families (25,301 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 3 (assay-derived). Sample: Beta-lactamase, Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform, Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 1 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 3 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P00811 | 5.85 | Potency | 1412 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4726742 |
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
34 indications (3 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| chronic kidney disease | 4 | MONDO:0005300 | EFO:0003884 |
| brain disorder | 4 | MONDO:0005560 | HP:0001298 |
| atrial fibrillation | 3 | MONDO:0004981 | EFO:0000275 |
| pyelonephritis | 3 | MONDO:0006939 | EFO:1001141 |
| exocrine pancreatic carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005192 | EFO:0002618 |
| HIV infectious disease | 3 | MONDO:0005109 | EFO:0000764 |
| hyperthyroidism | 3 | MONDO:0004425 | EFO:0009189 |
| cytomegalovirus infection | 3 | MONDO:0005132 | EFO:0001062 |
| acute kidney injury | 3 | MONDO:0002492 | HP:0001919 |
| multiple sclerosis | 3 | MONDO:0005301 | MONDO:0005301 |
| gastrointestinal stromal tumor | 3 | MONDO:0011719 | MONDO:0011719 |
| rheumatoid arthritis | 3 | MONDO:0008383 | EFO:0000685 |
| hypotensive disorder | 3 | MONDO:0005468 | EFO:0005251 |
| asthma | 3 | MONDO:0004979 | MONDO:0004979 |
| postpoliomyelitis syndrome | 3 | MONDO:0017416 | EFO:0007454 |
| spinal muscular atrophy | 3 | MONDO:0001516 | MONDO:0019079 |
| heart failure | 2 | MONDO:0005252 | EFO:0003144 |
| polycystic ovary syndrome | 2 | MONDO:0008487 | EFO:0000660 |
| AIDS | 2 | MONDO:0012268 | EFO:0000765 |
| toxic shock syndrome | 2 | MONDO:0001881 | EFO:0006834 |
| metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease | 2 | MONDO:0013209 | EFO:0003095 |
| neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0005070 | EFO:0000616 |
| spinal cord injury | 2 | MONDO:0043797 | EFO:1001919 |
| type 2 diabetes mellitus | 2 | MONDO:0005148 | MONDO:0005148 |
| poisoning | 2 | MONDO:0029000 | EFO:0008546 |
| beta thalassemia | 2 | MONDO:0019402 | MONDO:0016487 |
| ventricular septal defect | 1 | MONDO:0002070 | MONDO:0002070 |
| spermatogenic failure | 0 | MONDO:0004983 | EFO:0000279 |
| infertility disorder | 0 | MONDO:0005047 | EFO:0000545 |
5 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 124.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 43 |
| PHASE2 | 34 |
| PHASE3 | 16 |
| PHASE4 | 15 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 5 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 5 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 3 |
| PHASE1 | 3 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06901323 | PHASE4 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Effect of L-carnitine Supplementation on Phenylalanine and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Infants and Children With Phenylketonuria |
| NCT07160452 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Levocarnitine for Reducing ESA Requirements in Hemodialysis Patients With Renal Anemia |
| NCT00173706 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Evaluation of the Effects of L-Carnitine Injection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis |
| NCT00754767 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | L-Carnitine L-Tartrate in Preventing Peripheral Neuropathy Caused By Chemotherapy in Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer |
| NCT00822172 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Cilostazol in Combination With L-Carnitine |
| NCT01524861 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Sympathetic Heart Innervation in Patients With Tako-Tsubo Cardiomyopathy |
| NCT01665547 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Adding L-carnitine in Clomiphene Resistant Polycystic Ovary Improves the Quality of Ovulation and the Pregnancy Outcome |
| NCT01769157 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Effects of L-carnitine on Hypothyroidism |
| NCT01904396 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Identification of Carnitine-Responsive Cardiomyopathy |
| NCT03604016 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Study to Assess Efficacy of Besifovir and L-carnitine in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver |
| NCT03630341 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Adding L-Carnitine to Clomiphene Citrate for Induction of Ovulation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome |
| NCT03630367 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
| NCT04509258 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Effectiveness of N-acetyl Cysteine, Acetyl L- Carnitine and Medicated Paraffin Oil in Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning |
| NCT05081349 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Hydoxycarbamide and L-Carnitine Therapy in Sickle Cell Anemia |
| NCT05673239 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Effects of L-carnitine Therapy on the Heart of Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients |
| NCT05602194 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Studying the Effect of Levocarnitine in Protecting the Liver From Chemotherapy for Leukemia or Lymphoma |
| NCT07402759 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Impact of tdrd9 Gene Mutations in the Therapeutic Response to L-carnitine in Oligoasthenozoospermic Men |
| NCT00001082 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | The Safety and Effectiveness of Adefovir Dipivoxil in the Treatment of HIV-Infected Patients |
| NCT00002220 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Indinavir Plus Efavirenz Plus Adefovir Dipivoxil in HIV-Infected Patients Who Have Not Had Success With Nelfinavir |
| NCT00091169 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Levocarnitine in Treating Fatigue in Cancer Patients |
| NCT00247975 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Ability of L-carnitine to Prevent Heart Damage in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Anthracycline Chemotherapy |
| NCT00322322 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Early Administration of L-carnitine in Hemodialysis Patients |
| NCT01107730 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Vitamin C for Prophylaxis of Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation in On-pump Cardiac Surgery Procedures |
| NCT01149525 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy of L-carnitine Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis |
| NCT01330823 | PHASE3 | SUSPENDED | L-CARnitine in the Palliative Treatment of Advanced PANcreatic Cancer (CARPAN) |
| NCT01549847 | PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial L-carnitine and Piracetam in the Treatment of Weakness, Muscle Fatigue and Muscle Pain in the Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome |
| NCT01580553 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | The Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of L-Carnitine Injection in Treatment of Heart Failure |
| NCT01671384 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Valproate and Levocarnitine in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy |
| NCT01783041 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Effect of Early L-Carnitine Supplementation on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants |
| NCT01786824 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Preventing Contrast-induced Nephropathy: Evaluating Hydration Strategies and L-carnitine Administration |
| NCT02007889 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | L-carnitine on the Prevention of Renal Scarring in Acute Pyelonephritis |
| NCT02042482 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | The Effect of Combination Ultra Q10 and L-carnitine on the Course of Myelodysplastic Syndrome |
| NCT02692235 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Carnitine Supplementation and Skeletal Muscle Function |
| NCT03021876 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | L-carnitine Corrects Ammonia Metabolism in Hepatectomized Patients |
| NCT03426722 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | L-carnitine vs Placebo for the Treatment of Muscle Cramps After Imatinib in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors |
| NCT05792527 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | L-carnitine in Modulating Pain and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| NCT03994874 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Peritoneal Ultrafiltration in Cardio Renal Syndrome. |
| NCT06564909 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Effect of L-Carnitine on Biomarkers of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury in Patients With STEMI |
| NCT06753565 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | L-carnitine Supplementation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients |
| NCT07108777 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | L-Carnitine Protective Effect in Nephrotoxicity |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).
Related Atlas pages
- Diseases: chronic kidney disease, brain disorder, atrial fibrillation, pyelonephritis, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, HIV infectious disease, hyperthyroidism, cytomegalovirus infection, acute kidney injury, multiple sclerosis, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, rheumatoid arthritis, hypotensive disorder, asthma, postpoliomyelitis syndrome, spinal muscular atrophy