Levorphanol

drug
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Also known as AromaroneIDS-NL-007LevorfanolLevorphan(-)-levorphanol

Summary

Levorphanol (CHEMBL592) is an approved small molecule targeting OPRM1 and GRIN2C; indicated across 1 condition.

At a glance

  • Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
  • Modality: Small molecule
  • Targets: 2 (OPRM1, GRIN2C)
  • Indications: 1 condition
  • Clinical trials: 2
  • Chemistry: 257.37 Da · C17H23NO

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

FieldValue
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL592
NameLevorphanol
TypeSmall molecule
Max phase4
FDA approvedyes
PubChem CID5359272
Molecular formulaC17H23NO
Molecular weight257.37
InChIKeyJAQUASYNZVUNQP-USXIJHARSA-N

SMILES: CN1CC[C@]23CCCC[C@H]2[C@H]1CC4=C3C=C(C=C4)O

IUPAC name: (1R,9R,10R)-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-trien-4-ol

Also known as: Aromarone, IDS-NL-007, Levorfanol, Levorphan, Levorphanol, levorphanol, (-)-levorphanol, LEVORPHANOL

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1628243, CHEMBL2062261, CHEMBL3249801, CHEMBL3989768

Patent coverage: 26,206 distinct patent families (75,131 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

GeneTargetActionpAffinityCancer dependencyUniProt
OPRM1μ receptorAgonist9.890%P35372
GRIN2CGluN2C6.220.2%Q14957

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 18 (assay-derived). Sample: Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor, Glutamate NMDA receptor, Glutamate [NMDA] receptor, Sodium channel alpha subunits; brain (Types I, II, III), Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter, Mu-type opioid receptor, Delta-type opioid receptor, Kappa-type opioid receptor, Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2, Mu-type opioid receptor.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 48 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 56 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

TargetpChemblTypeValueUnitActivity ID
OPRM19.89IC500.13nMCHEMBL_ACT_595646
OPRM19.68Ki0.21nMCHEMBL_ACT_10949101
P972669.68Ki0.21nMCHEMBL_ACT_1143444
OPRM19.68Ki0.21nMCHEMBL_ACT_1668591
OPRM19.68Ki0.21nMCHEMBL_ACT_1896200
OPRM19.68Ki0.21nMCHEMBL_ACT_2227168
OPRM19.68Ki0.21nMCHEMBL_ACT_25611554
OPRM19.68Ki0.21nMCHEMBL_ACT_371818
OPRM19.68Ki0.21nMCHEMBL_ACT_731399
P972669.68Ki0.21nMCHEMBL_ACT_909107
P428669.52Ki0.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_1157104
P972669.22IC500.6nMCHEMBL_ACT_1118376
O552428.72Ki1.9nMCHEMBL_ACT_1157105
OPRK18.64Ki2.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_10949061
P411448.64Ki2.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_1143446
OPRK18.64Ki2.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_1668593
OPRK18.64Ki2.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_1896201
OPRK18.64Ki2.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_2227170
OPRK18.64Ki2.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_25611540
OPRK18.64Ki2.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_371820
OPRK18.64Ki2.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_731401
P411448.64Ki2.3nMCHEMBL_ACT_909109
OPRD18.54IC502.9nMCHEMBL_ACT_1118377
OPRK18.4IC504nMCHEMBL_ACT_595645
OPRD18.38Ki4.2nMCHEMBL_ACT_10949022
OPRD18.38Ki4.2nMCHEMBL_ACT_1143445
OPRD18.38Ki4.2nMCHEMBL_ACT_1668592
OPRD18.38Ki4.2nMCHEMBL_ACT_1896202
OPRD18.38Ki4.2nMCHEMBL_ACT_2227169
OPRD18.38Ki4.2nMCHEMBL_ACT_25611600

Target pathways

Aggregated over 2 target gene(s): OPRM1, GRIN2C.

Top Reactome pathways

12 total, by targets touching each:

PathwayTargetsGenes
Opioid Signalling1OPRM1
G-protein activation1OPRM1
Peptide ligand-binding receptors1OPRM1
G alpha (i) signalling events1OPRM1
Unblocking of NMDA receptors, glutamate binding and activation1GRIN2C
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling1OPRM1
Neurexins and neuroligins1GRIN2C
Synaptic adhesion-like molecules1GRIN2C
MECP2 regulates neuronal receptors and channels1OPRM1
Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors1GRIN2C
Negative regulation of NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal transmission1GRIN2C
Long-term potentiation1GRIN2C

Dominant GO biological processes

GO termTargets
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger1
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway1
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway1
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway1
neuropeptide signaling pathway1
sensory perception1
negative regulation of cell population proliferation1
sensory perception of pain1
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway1
negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process1
behavioral response to ethanol1
positive regulation of neurogenesis1
negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration1
negative regulation of Wnt protein secretion1

Indications & clinical

Indications

1 indication (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4).

The 1 indication record carries no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only); none shown.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 2.

Phase distribution

PhaseTrials
EARLY_PHASE11
Not specified1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT03579446EARLY_PHASE1TERMINATEDLevorphanol as a Second Line Opioid in Reducing Pain in Patients With Cancer
NCT00275249Not specifiedCOMPLETEDEvolution of Analgesic Tolerance With Opioids

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

422 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:

MoleculeSourceStatusShared targets
CHLORPROMAZINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)GRIN2C, OPRM1
DEXTROMETHORPHANChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)GRIN2C, OPRM1
KETAMINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)GRIN2C, OPRM1
ORPHENADRINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)GRIN2C, OPRM1
ESMETHADONEChEMBLPhase 3GRIN2C, OPRM1
BUDIPINEChEMBLPhase 2GRIN2C, OPRM1
DEXTRORPHANChEMBLPhase 2GRIN2C, OPRM1
AMANTADINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)GRIN2C
DihydroergotamineChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
ELUXADOLINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
GENTIAN VIOLETChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
MAVORIXAFORChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
MEMANTINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)GRIN2C
PIMAVANSERINChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
PROPOXYPHENEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
REGORAFENIBChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
VORAPAXARChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
ALFENTANILChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
ALOGLIPTINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
ALPIDEMChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
ALVIMOPANChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
AMBENONIUMChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
AMILORIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
AMIODARONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
AMITRIPTYLINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
AMLODIPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
AMODIAQUINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
AMOXAPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
ANTAZOLINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
ARIPIPRAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
ASTEMIZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
ATOMOXETINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
AZELASTINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BAZEDOXIFENEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BENFLUOREXChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BENZBROMARONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BENZIODARONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BENZTROPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BENZYDAMINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BEPRIDILChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BEXAROTENEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BITHIONOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BOSUTINIBChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BROMOCRIPTINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BROMODIPHENHYDRAMINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BROMPERIDOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BUPRENORPHINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
BUTORPHANOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
CANDESARTAN CILEXETILChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
CANNABIDIOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
CARVEDILOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
CASPOFUNGINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
CETRORELIXChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
CHLORHEXIDINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
CHLORPROTHIXENEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
CINACALCETChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
CINNARIZINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
CITALOPRAMChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
CLEMASTINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1
CLOMIPHENEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRM1