Methoxyflurane

Summary

Methoxyflurane (CHEMBL1341) is an approved small-molecule inhalation anaesthetic (ATC N02BG09); indicated across 4 conditions including injury and neoplasm.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: N02BG09
• Indications: 4 conditions
• Clinical trials: 26
• Chemistry: 164.96 Da · C3H4Cl2F2O

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL1341
Name	Methoxyflurane
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	no
PubChem CID	4116
ChEBI	CHEBI:6843
ATC	N02BG09
Molecular formula	C3H4Cl2F2O
Molecular weight	164.96
InChIKey	RFKMCNOHBTXSMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: COC(C(Cl)Cl)(F)F

IUPAC name: 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-1-methoxyethane

ChEBI definition: An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): inhalation anaesthetic, non-narcotic analgesic, hepatotoxic agent, nephrotoxic agent.

Also known as: Analgizer, Anecotan, DA-759, Inhalan, Methoxiflurane, Methoxy flurane, Methoxyflurane, Metoxiflurano, Metofane, NSC-110432, Penthrane, Penthrox

Patent coverage: 2,217 distinct patent families (7,455 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

No target linkage available.

Bioactivity

No ChEMBL bioactivity rows at pChembl ≥ 5 (expected for biologics / antibodies).

Target pathways

No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).

Indications & clinical

Indications

4 indications (2 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
injury	3	MONDO:0021178	EFO:0000546
neoplasm	3	MONDO:0005070	MONDO:0004992

2 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 26.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE4	12
PHASE3	8
Not specified	5
PHASE2	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT05766397	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Prehospital Inhaled Methoxyflurane Non-Clinical Occupational Exposure Study
NCT05821517	PHASE4	RECRUITING	METHOXYFLURANE or Virtual Reality Headset vs Standard Analgesic Management for the Reduction of Anterior Shoulder Dislocation (HYPNOLUX)
NCT06392087	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Prehospital Analgesia in Adults Using Inhaled Methoxyflurane Study
NCT07295054	PHASE4	RECRUITING	3 mL Inhaled Methoxyflurane for Intrauterine Device (IUD) Insertion
NCT00524927	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Methoxyflurane for Treatment of Incident Pain
NCT01887951	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Penthrox Versus Tramadol for SCDF
NCT03798899	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Penthrox® Combined With a Standard Analgesia (SoC) in Adult Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department With Moderate to Severe Pain Associated With Trauma
NCT03849027	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	MethOxyflUraNe at moderaTe High AltItudes for PAIN Management
NCT03868436	PHASE4	COMPLETED	PENTHROX™ in the Canadian Emergency Department (ED)
NCT04029012	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Penthrox in Rezūm BPH
NCT04287803	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prehospital Analgesia in Adults Using Inhaled Methoxyflurane : A Feasibility Study
NCT04412642	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Low Dose Methoxyflurane for Pain Relief During Minor Out-patient Urologic Procedures
NCT07445737	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Use of the Methoxyflurane as Pain-killer in the Prehospital Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction
NCT01420159	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Methoxyflurane (Penthrox) for the Treatment of Acute Pain in Minor Trauma
NCT02604225	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Trial of Methoxyflurane With Periprostatic Local Anaesthesia to Reduce the Discomfort of TRUS B
NCT03215056	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Methoxyflurane Analgesia for Paediatric Injuries
NCT03256903	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Methoxyflurane vs Standard Analgesic Treatment for Trauma Pain in Spanish Emergency Units
NCT03585374	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Trauma Acute Pain Treatment With Methoxyflurane Vaporized (PENTHROX®): Efficacy and Safety Study (MEDITA)
NCT04618497	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study on the Use of Methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) for Pain Control in the Emergency Department
NCT05137184	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Comparison of Three Regimens of Acute Pain Management: Methoxyflurane; Intranasal Fentanyl; Intravenous Morphine
NCT07192198	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Inhaled Methoxyflurane (Penthrox) as Adjunct for Urologic Procedures Under Local Anesthetic: A Pilot Study
NCT07003880	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Penthrox in Otolaryngology
NCT03537001	Not specified	COMPLETED	Use of Penthrox in Extra-hospital Traumatology
NCT03853954	Not specified	COMPLETED	Reduction of Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Facilitated by Inhaled Low Dose Methoxyflurane
NCT03927729	Not specified	COMPLETED	Use of Methoxyflurane (Penthrox) as an Antalgic in Hospital Trauma
NCT04292808	Not specified	WITHDRAWN	Low Dose Methoxyflurane and Out-Patient Aesthetic Surgery and Facial Filler

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

PharmGKB dosing guidelines (1) — CPIC / DPWG genotype-guided dosing for this drug (drug × pharmacogene):

Guideline	Source	Gene(s)	Dosing	Recommendation
Annotation of CPIC Guideline for desflurane, enflurane, halothane, iso	CPIC	CACNA1S;RYR1		yes

PharmGKB also curates 47 clinical and 1 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).

Related molecules

Related molecules

No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).