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Morphine

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Also known as Anhydrous morphineHydromorphone hydrochloride impuritymorphine-IDS-NM-009MorphiaMorphine (anhydrous)Morphine anhydrousMorphine extended releaseMorphine polistirexMorphiumN02AA01NepentheOspalivina(-)-etorphine(-)-morphine(+)-MorphineDIMORPHINE PAMOATEMorphine-1

Summary

Morphine (CHEMBL70) is an approved small-molecule opioid analgesic (ATC N02AA51) targeting OPRD1, OPRK1, and OPRM1; indicated across 42 conditions including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and injury.

At a glance

  • Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
  • Modality: Small molecule
  • ATC class: N02AA51 (+2 more)
  • Targets: 3 (OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1)
  • Indications: 42 conditions
  • Clinical trials: 635
  • Chemistry: 285.34 Da · C17H19NO3

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

FieldValue
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL70
NameMorphine
TypeSmall molecule
Max phase4
FDA approvedyes
PubChem CID5288826
ChEBICHEBI:17303
ATCN02AA51, A07DA52, N02AA01
Molecular formulaC17H19NO3
Molecular weight285.34
InChIKeyBQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N

SMILES: CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O

IUPAC name: (4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol

ChEBI definition: A morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy).

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): opioid analgesic, μ-opioid receptor agonist, vasodilator agent, anaesthetic, drug allergen, geroprotector.

Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): plant metabolite, environmental contaminant, xenobiotic.

Also known as: Anhydrous morphine, Hydromorphone hydrochloride impurity, morphine-, IDS-NM-009, Morphia, Morphine, Morphine (anhydrous), Morphine anhydrous, Morphine extended release, Morphine polistirex, Morphium, N02AA01

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL556578, CHEMBL2096625, CHEMBL2103744, CHEMBL4068407

Patent coverage: 39,119 distinct patent families (128,573 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 126,077 (98%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

GeneTargetActionpAffinityCancer dependencyUniProt
OPRD1δ receptorFull agonist6.90.2%P41143
OPRK1κ receptorPartial agonist7.30%P41145
OPRM1μ receptorFull agonist90%P35372

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 21 (assay-derived). Sample: Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor, Opioid receptor, Opioid receptors; mu & delta, Opioid receptors; mu/kappa/delta, Opioid receptor, Mu-type opioid receptor, Delta-type opioid receptor, Kappa-type opioid receptor, Delta-type opioid receptor, Mu-type opioid receptor.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 361 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 364 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

TargetpChemblTypeValueUnitActivity ID
OPRM19.85Ki0.14nMCHEMBL_ACT_12065925
P335359.85IC500.14nMCHEMBL_ACT_459603
OPRM19.49Ki0.32nMCHEMBL_ACT_17705276
OPRM19.49Ki0.32nMCHEMBL_ACT_27578891
P793509.3Ki0.5nMCHEMBL_ACT_1018190
OPRM19.28Ki0.53nMCHEMBL_ACT_16505967
OPRM19.24IC500.57nMCHEMBL_ACT_628306
P335359.11Ki0.78nMCHEMBL_ACT_256082
OPRM19.06Ki0.88nMCHEMBL_ACT_10949069
P972669.06Ki0.88nMCHEMBL_ACT_162054
OPRM19.06Ki0.88nMCHEMBL_ACT_1668614
P972669.06Ki0.88nMCHEMBL_ACT_2263757
OPRM19.06Ki0.88nMCHEMBL_ACT_373313
P972669.06Ki0.88nMCHEMBL_ACT_441131
P793509.05Ki0.9nMCHEMBL_ACT_943222
P335359Ki1nMCHEMBL_ACT_557716
OPRM18.96Ki1.1nMCHEMBL_ACT_1759528
OPRM18.96Ki1.1nMCHEMBL_ACT_1928209
P972668.96Ki1.1nMCHEMBL_ACT_6255729
P428668.9IC501.27nMCHEMBL_ACT_2216742
P428668.9IC501.27nMCHEMBL_ACT_2584180
P335358.84Ki1.45nMCHEMBL_ACT_15112863
P335358.8IC501.6nMCHEMBL_ACT_952794
OPRM18.77Ki1.7nMCHEMBL_ACT_2153552
P428668.74Ki1.8nMCHEMBL_ACT_1455296
OPRM18.74Ki1.8nMCHEMBL_ACT_317119
P335358.74Ki1.8nMCHEMBL_ACT_384030
P411448.74IC501.82nMCHEMBL_ACT_459605
P335358.74Ki1.8nMCHEMBL_ACT_516289
P335338.74Ki1.8nMCHEMBL_ACT_6229868

Target pathways

Aggregated over 3 target gene(s): OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1.

Top Reactome pathways

6 total, by targets touching each:

PathwayTargetsGenes
Peptide ligand-binding receptors3OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
G alpha (i) signalling events3OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling2OPRD1, OPRM1
MECP2 regulates neuronal receptors and channels2OPRK1, OPRM1
Opioid Signalling1OPRM1
G-protein activation1OPRM1

Dominant GO biological processes

GO termTargets
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway3
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway3
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway3
neuropeptide signaling pathway3
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway3
signal transduction3
immune response2
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger2
response to nicotine2
eating behavior2
response to ethanol2
sensory perception2
sensory perception of pain2
adult locomotory behavior1
negative regulation of gene expression1

Indications & clinical

Indications

42 indications (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

IndicationTrial phaseMONDOEFO
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease3MONDO:0005002EFO:0000341
injury3MONDO:0021178EFO:0000546
neoplasm3MONDO:0005070EFO:0000616
neonatal abstinence syndrome3MONDO:0005566EFO:0005799
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome3MONDO:0007147EFO:0003918
scoliosis3MONDO:0005392EFO:0004273
obesity disorder3MONDO:0011122EFO:0001073
opiate dependence3MONDO:0005530EFO:0005611
acute myeloid leukemia3MONDO:0018874EFO:0000222
nephrolithiasis3MONDO:0008171EFO:0004253
acute myocardial infarction3MONDO:0004781EFO:0008583
sickle cell disease3MONDO:0011382MONDO:0011382
leukemia3MONDO:0005059EFO:0000565
neuralgia2MONDO:0021667EFO:0005762
rotator cuff syndrome2MONDO:0007028EFO:1001250
mucositis2MONDO:0020579EFO:1001898
blood coagulation disease2MONDO:0001531EFO:0009314
stomatitis2MONDO:0004842EFO:0009688
respiratory failure2MONDO:0021113EFO:0009842
tonsillitis2MONDO:0001039MONDO:0001039
restless legs syndrome1MONDO:0005391EFO:0004270
constipation disorder1MONDO:0002203HP:0002019
heroin dependence1MONDO:0005367EFO:0004240
rheumatic disorder1MONDO:0005554EFO:0005755
cardiac arrest1MONDO:0000745EFO:0009492
bone fracture0MONDO:0005315EFO:0003931

16 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 635.

Phase distribution

PhaseTrials
PHASE4220
Not specified198
PHASE383
PHASE266
PHASE125
PHASE2/PHASE320
PHASE1/PHASE213
EARLY_PHASE110

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT04849455PHASE4RECRUITINGErector Spinae Plane Block Catheters and Intrathecal Morphine for Hepatic Resection
NCT06186141PHASE4RECRUITINGNausea and Vomiting in Postoperative Paediatric Patients With Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA): Morphine vs Oxycodone
NCT06411665PHASE4RECRUITINGEffect of Oliceridine Analgesia on Postoperative Nause and Vomiting
NCT06479655PHASE4RECRUITINGCompare the Efficacy and Outcome Between Fentanyl and Morphine as Analgo-sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
NCT06511232PHASE4RECRUITINGIntraosseous Morphine Administration During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
NCT06570343PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGAnalgesic Efficacy of Intrathecal Fentanyl-Morphine Combination Versus Morphine Alone for Intraoperative Pain During Elective Cesarean Delivery
NCT06704139PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGRole of Prophylactic Antiemetics in Women Receiving Intrathecal Morphine and Lipophilic Opioids Added to Bupivacaine for Cesarean Section
NCT06715657PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGEffect of Propofol Administration Time on the Incidence and Severity of Intrathecal Morphine-induced Pruritus in Parturient Undergoing Elective Cesarean Delivaries
NCT06797973PHASE4RECRUITINGEfficacy and Safety of Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Pain Management Following Planned Caesarean Section
NCT06800846PHASE4ENROLLING_BY_INVITATIONComparative Analgesic Effect After Total Knee Arthroplasty Between Intraosseous and Peri-articular Injection
NCT06881563PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGIntrathecal Morphine Versus Epidural Analgesia for Laparoscopic Colon Surgery
NCT06935708PHASE4RECRUITINGIntrathecal Morphine Versus Epidural Analgesia for Open Colon Surgery
NCT07229495PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGTegileridine for Postoperative Pain After Adolescent Scoliosis Surgery
NCT07377630PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGIntrathecal MoRphine Versus Transabdominal Plane Block (TAP) Block for AnalGesic Management in Elective Caesarean Section
NCT07386353PHASE4RECRUITINGIntrathecal Versus Epidural Morphine for Post-Cesarean Analgesia
NCT07412223PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGEffect of Tegileridine on Postoperative Bowel Function Recovery in Abdominal Surgery
NCT07525986PHASE4RECRUITINGAnrikefon-based Patient-controlled Intravenous Analgesia Following Laparoscopic Surgery
NCT00155233PHASE4UNKNOWNInteraction Between Nalbuphine and Morphine in PCA
NCT00155376PHASE4UNKNOWNIntravenous-Morphine and Glucagon-Usage Enhanced MR Cholangiography
NCT00158873PHASE4COMPLETEDPharmaco-Economic Study Of Ultiva In Intensive Care Unit(ICU)Subjects
NCT00237731PHASE4COMPLETEDPre-hospital Morphine Titration : Comparison of 0,05 Versus 0,1 mg/kg
NCT00246532PHASE4COMPLETEDOpiate-Induced Tolerance & Hyperalgesia in Pain Patients
NCT00289419PHASE4COMPLETEDIntraarticular Analgesia After Total Hip Arthroplasty, a Randomised Study
NCT00338481PHASE4COMPLETEDRed Morphine Drops for Symptomatic Treatment of Dyspnoea in Lung Cancer
NCT00346268PHASE4TERMINATEDMorphine-Sparing Efficacy Of Parecoxib In Pain Treatment After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT00353704PHASE4COMPLETEDAnalgetic and Anxiolytic Effect of Preoperative Pregabalin
NCT00357942PHASE4COMPLETEDTopical Morphine for Stomatitis-related Pain Induced by Chemotherapy
NCT00477061PHASE4COMPLETEDMorphine Analgesia in Patients With Acute Appendicitis
NCT00513864PHASE4WITHDRAWNAssessment of Opioid Analgesia in Sickle Cell
NCT00527332PHASE4COMPLETEDEffects of General Anesthesia and Spinal-Morphine Anesthesia on Recovery and Comfort After Benign Abdominal Hysterectomy
NCT00528177PHASE4COMPLETEDMorphine vs. Oxycodone for Postoperative Pain Management
NCT00562627PHASE4COMPLETEDEfficacy of Multimodal Peri- and Intraarticular Drug Injections in Total Knee Arthroplasty
NCT00640042PHASE4COMPLETEDEvaluation of Risk Minimization, Assessment and Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Pain Taking Avinza
NCT00681174PHASE4TERMINATEDControlled-Release Oxycodone For Postoperative Analgesia After Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery
NCT00702416PHASE4COMPLETEDUltrasound Guidance for Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block
NCT00772187PHASE4COMPLETEDIntraoperative and Postoperative Analgesia for Laparoscopic Surgery.
NCT00783016PHASE4COMPLETEDEffect of Pain Control on the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis on the Diagnostic Accuracy of General Surgeon
NCT00795223PHASE4COMPLETEDComparative Pain Control Between 0.2 or 0.3 Spinal Morphine and 0.25 or 0.5 % Bupivacaine for FNB After TKA
NCT00878371PHASE4COMPLETEDEffects of a Surgery-induced Peripheral Inflammatory Response on the Blood Brain Barrier
NCT00880607PHASE4COMPLETEDIntrathecal Morphine Versus Epidural Extended Release Morphine for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Spinal Fusion

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

PharmGKB dosing guidelines (1) — CPIC / DPWG genotype-guided dosing for this drug (drug × pharmacogene):

GuidelineSourceGene(s)DosingRecommendation
Annotation of CPIC Guideline for alfentanil, buprenorphine, codeine, fCPICCOMT;OPRM1

PharmGKB also curates 43 clinical and 266 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

612 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:

MoleculeSourceStatusShared targets
DihydroergotamineChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
PROPOXYPHENEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
TAFAMIDISChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
ALVIMOPANChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
AMIODARONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
AMLODIPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
AMOXAPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
ASTEMIZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
BENZTROPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
BUPRENORPHINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
BUTORPHANOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CANDESARTAN CILEXETILChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CANNABIDIOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CHLORPROMAZINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CINNARIZINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CLOTRIMAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CODEINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
DIETHYLSTILBESTROLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
ECONAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
FENTANYLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
FLUPHENAZINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
FLUSPIRILENEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
HYDROCODONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
HYDROMORPHONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
LANSOPRAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
LEVORPHANOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
LOPERAMIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
LOXAPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
MEPERIDINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
METHADONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
METHYLNALTREXONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
MICONAZOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NAFTOPIDILChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NALBUPHINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NALFURAFINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NALMEFENEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NALOXONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NALTREXONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NELFINAVIRChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
OLICERIDINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
OXYCODONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
OXYMORPHONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
PAROXETINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
PASIREOTIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
PENTAZOCINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
PIMOZIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
RALOXIFENEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
RITONAVIRChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
SAMIDORPHANChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
SAQUINAVIRChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
SUNITINIBChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
TAMOXIFENChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
TRAMADOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
ASIMADOLINEChEMBLPhase 3OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
ATICAPRANTChEMBLPhase 3OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CEBRANOPADOLChEMBLPhase 3OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
NAVACAPRANTChEMBLPhase 3OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
TRIMEBUTINEChEMBLPhase 3OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
BREMAZOCINEChEMBLPhase 2OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1
CARFENTANILChEMBLPhase 2OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1

About this page

Generated deterministically by Sugi Atlas from primary biomedical databases via BioBTree. Every record on this page traces to a primary source.

Generated
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Sources 30

This page pulls from 30 datasets indexed by BioBTree:

chebichembl_activitychembl_moleculechembl_targetcivic_evidenceclingen_dosageclinical_trialsdepmapefoensemblentrezgogoparentgtopdbgtopdb_interactiongtopdb_ligandhgncmeshmondomsigdbpatent_compoundpharmgkbpharmgkb_guidelinepubchempubchem_activityreactomereactomeparentrefseqtranscriptuniprot