Nitrogen

Summary

Nitrogen (CHEMBL142438) is an approved small molecule (ATC V03AN04) targeting KCNK16 and KCNK17; indicated across 15 conditions including actinic keratosis and burn.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: V03AN04
• Targets: 2 (KCNK16, KCNK17)
• Indications: 15 conditions
• Clinical trials: 28
• Chemistry: 28.014 Da · N2

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL142438
Name	Nitrogen
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	947
ChEBI	CHEBI:17997
ATC	V03AN04
Molecular formula	N2
Molecular weight	28.014
InChIKey	IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: N#N

IUPAC name: molecular nitrogen

ChEBI definition: An elemental molecule consisting of two trivalently-bonded nitrogen atoms.

Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): food packaging gas, food propellant.

Also known as: Dinitrogen, E-941, E941, INS NO.941, INS-941, Liquid nitrogen, Molecular nitrogen, Nitrogen, Nitrogen (n2), Nitrogen gas, liquid, NITROGEN

Patent coverage: 2,686,134 distinct patent families (5,929,165 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 4 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 5,927,967 (100%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
	Guanylyl cyclase, α1β1	Activation
KCNK16	K2P16.1			0%	Q96T55
KCNK17	K2P17.1			0.3%	Q96T54

Bioactivity

No ChEMBL bioactivity rows at pChembl ≥ 5 (expected for biologics / antibodies).

Target pathways

Aggregated over 2 target gene(s): KCNK16, KCNK17.

Top Reactome pathways

7 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Neuronal System	2	KCNK16, KCNK17
Potassium Channels	2	KCNK16, KCNK17
Tandem pore domain potassium channels	2	KCNK16, KCNK17
TWIK-related alkaline pH activated K+ channel (TALK)	2	KCNK16, KCNK17
Muscle contraction	2	KCNK16, KCNK17
Phase 4 - resting membrane potential	2	KCNK16, KCNK17
Cardiac conduction	2	KCNK16, KCNK17

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
potassium ion transport	2
potassium ion transmembrane transport	2
monoatomic ion transport	2
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	2
endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis	1
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	1
regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus	1
membrane repolarization during action potential	1
regulation of action potential	1
regulation of membrane potential	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

15 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
actinic keratosis	3	MONDO:0005173	EFO:0002496
burn	3	MONDO:0043519	EFO:0009516
respiratory failure	3	MONDO:0021113	HP:0002093
colorectal neoplasm	3	MONDO:0005335	MONDO:0005575
congestive heart failure	2	MONDO:0005009	EFO:0000373
tinea pedis	2	MONDO:0005984	EFO:0007512
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	2	MONDO:0005002	EFO:0000341
obsessive-compulsive disorder	2	MONDO:0008114	EFO:0004242
ischemia reperfusion injury	2	MONDO:0005203	EFO:0002687
post-traumatic stress disorder	2	MONDO:0005146	EFO:0001358
cystic fibrosis	1	MONDO:0009061	MONDO:0009061
major depressive disorder	0	MONDO:0002009	MONDO:0002009
bipolar disorder	0	MONDO:0004985	MONDO:0004985
severe acute respiratory syndrome	0	MONDO:0005091	EFO:0000694

1 further indication record had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 28.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
Not specified	11
PHASE2	8
PHASE3	2
PHASE1/PHASE2	2
EARLY_PHASE1	2
PHASE4	1
PHASE2/PHASE3	1
PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01891500	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Early iNO for Oxidative Stress, Vascular Tone and Inflammation in Babies With Hypoxic Respiratory Failure
NCT00041561	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in the Treatment of Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure (AHRF) in Pediatrics
NCT00582010	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate if Inhaled Nitric Oxide Improves Liver Function After Transplantation
NCT00781352	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Nitrous Oxide and Risk of Cancer Recurrence After Colorectal Surgery: A Randomized, Blinded Study
NCT03826693	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Efficacy of Nitrous Oxide in OCD: Pilot Study
NCT00060840	PHASE2	COMPLETED	The Effects of Nitric Oxide for Inhalation During Left Ventricular Assists Device (LVAD) Implantation
NCT00570349	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Safety and Tolerability of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
NCT00771342	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Efficacy Study to Evaluate the Effect of Nitric Oxide on the Treatment of Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot)
NCT00782652	PHASE2	TERMINATED	The Effects of Nitric Oxide for Inhalation in Right Ventricular Infarction Patients
NCT00955487	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Examining the Use of Non-Invasive Inhaled Nitric Oxide to Reduce Chronic Lung Disease in Premature Newborns
NCT01802619	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Prevention of Renal Failure by Nitric Oxide in Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Bypass.
NCT03079102	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Inhaled Nitric Oxide After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
NCT04378426	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Nitrous Oxide for PTSD
NCT04398290	PHASE2	WITHDRAWN	iNOPulse for COVID-19
NCT05895071	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Comparison of Topical 5%Potassium Hydroxide vs Liquid Nitrogen in the Treatment of Plane Warts
NCT03748446	EARLY_PHASE1	RECRUITING	Xenon Inhalation Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
NCT04528771	EARLY_PHASE1	WITHDRAWN	S-Nitrosylation Therapy of COVID-19
NCT00901394	Not specified	COMPLETED	Vitamin B12 and Folate Administration on Homocysteine Concentrations After Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia
NCT01084824	Not specified	COMPLETED	A Trial Examining the Treatment of Common Warts With Combination Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) and Cantharidin
NCT01220687	Not specified	COMPLETED	Inhaled Nitric Oxide (iNO) as an Adjunct to Neonatal Resuscitation
NCT02106624	Not specified	COMPLETED	A Trial to Assess the Effect of High Nitrogen Intake in Critically Ill Patients
NCT02133586	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effects of Sequential Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone in Healthy Adult Human Volunteers.
NCT02572557	Not specified	COMPLETED	TruFreeze Cryotherapy Central Airway Disease
NCT02860975	Not specified	TERMINATED	Prolonged Hypoxic Breathing in Healthy Volunteers: a Safety Study
NCT03225729	Not specified	COMPLETED	Assessment of CRYOBEAUTY MAINS ET DECOLLETE Versus Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy, in the Treatment of Solar Lentigines
NCT03734003	Not specified	COMPLETED	Infrared Bioeffect System for the Treatment of Cutaneous Warts
NCT04781244	Not specified	COMPLETED	Cost-effectiveness of EndWarts® FREEZE - an Alternative Home Cryotherapy Device for Wart Treatment
NCT05300009	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Topical Methotrexate Gel 1% Coupled With Microneedling in Treatment of Warts

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

3 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 3 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
Chloroform	PubChem	Approved	KCNK16, KCNK17
Isoflurane	PubChem	Approved	KCNK16
Quinidine	PubChem	Approved	KCNK16