Paclitaxel
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Also known as (-)-paclitaxelABI-007AbraxaneApealeaApexelsinCapxolCyclopaxDHP 107DHP-107EbetaxelEmpacEndotag 1GenaxolGenetaxylGenexolGenexol-pmIntaxelLep-etuMBT 0206MBT-0206
Summary
Paclitaxel (CHEMBL428647) is an approved small-molecule antineoplastic agent (ATC L01CD01) targeting TLR4, TUBB, and NR1I2; indicated across 169 conditions including breast carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma; with CIViC clinical evidence for 31 variant-indication associations (e.g. ATM Underexpression in stomach cancer).
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: L01CD01
- Targets: 3 (TLR4, TUBB, NR1I2)
- Indications: 169 conditions
- Clinical trials: 2,828
- Precision-oncology evidence (CIViC): 31 variant–indication associations
- Chemistry: 853.9 Da · C47H51NO14
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL428647 |
| Name | Paclitaxel |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 36314 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:45863 |
| ATC | L01CD01 |
| Molecular formula | C47H51NO14 |
| Molecular weight | 853.9 |
| InChIKey | RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N |
SMILES: CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@](C2(C)C)(C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C
IUPAC name: [(1S,2S,3R,4S,7R,9S,10S,12R,15S)-4,12-diacetyloxy-15-[(2R,3S)-3-benzamido-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl]oxy-1,9-dihydroxy-10,14,17,17-tetramethyl-11-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.03,10.04,7]heptadec-13-en-2-yl] benzoate
ChEBI definition: A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name ’taxol’ is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antineoplastic agent, microtubule-stabilising agent.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): metabolite, human metabolite.
Also known as: (-)-paclitaxel, ABI-007, Abraxane, Apealea, Apexelsin, Capxol, Cyclopax, DHP 107, DHP-107, Ebetaxel, Empac, Endotag 1
Patent coverage: 91,290 distinct patent families (332,542 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).
| Gene | Target | Action | pAffinity | Cancer dependency | UniProt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TLR4 | TLR4 | Agonist | 0% | O00206 | |
| TUBB | tubulin beta class I | Inhibition | 8.05 | P07437 | |
| NR1I2 | Pregnane X receptor | Agonist | 5.3 | 0.3% | O75469 |
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 49 (assay-derived). Sample: Microtubule-associated protein tau, Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2, Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma, Survival motor neuron protein, Prelamin-A/C, ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q1, RecQ-like DNA helicase BLM, 4’-phosphopantetheinyl transferase ffp, Thrombopoietin, Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 53 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 92 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LMNA | 8.74 | Potency | 1.8 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3642846 |
| TUBB3 | 8.11 | IC50 | 7.7 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_13445916 |
| TUBB3 | 8.11 | IC50 | 7.7 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_22484837 |
| TUBB3 | 8.04 | IC50 | 9.2 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_13338835 |
| GMNN | 7.65 | Potency | 22.4 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_5065095 |
| KDM1A | 7.53 | IC50 | 29.6 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29080949 |
| TUBB4A | 7.51 | EC50 | 31 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_1677966 |
| ITGB3 | 7.47 | IC50 | 34 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_1415949 |
| LMNA | 7.45 | Potency | 35.5 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3652620 |
| LMNA | 7.45 | Potency | 35.5 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4403335 |
| PMP22 | 7.32 | Potency | 47.8 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4358576 |
| LMNA | 7.2 | Potency | 63.1 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3667331 |
| RAB9A | 7.05 | Potency | 89.1 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3852260 |
| MTOR | 6.88 | Potency | 130.9 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3919383 |
| LMNA | 6.65 | Potency | 223.9 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3652433 |
| SLCO1B3 | 6.58 | IC50 | 260 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_15188471 |
| SLCO1B1 | 6.55 | IC50 | 280 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_15188469 |
| MTOR | 6.43 | Potency | 369 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4522710 |
| P02550 | 6.28 | EC50 | 520 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_12055620 |
| NPC1 | 6.25 | Potency | 562.3 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4721020 |
| THRB | 6.15 | Potency | 707.9 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4005743 |
| SLCO1B1 | 6.08 | Ki | 840 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_15187569 |
| Q6B856 | 6.08 | EC50 | 830 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_457077 |
| P51450 | 5.95 | Potency | 1122 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4991586 |
| TUBB4A | 5.91 | EC50 | 1230 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_12623500 |
| CYP3A4 | 5.9 | Potency | 1259 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_5005869 |
| CYP3A4 | 5.9 | Potency | 1259 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_5070637 |
| CYP3A4 | 5.9 | AC50 | 1259 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_6018661 |
| OPRD1 | 5.83 | Ki | 1481 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7733957 |
| SLCO1B3 | 5.75 | Ki | 1800 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_15187556 |
Target pathways
Aggregated over 3 target gene(s): TLR4, TUBB, NR1I2.
Top Reactome pathways
44 total, by targets touching each:
| Pathway | Targets | Genes |
|---|---|---|
| ER-Phagosome pathway | 1 | TLR4 |
| Caspase activation via Death Receptors in the presence of ligand | 1 | TLR4 |
| Cell Cycle | 1 | TUBB |
| Disease | 1 | TUBB |
| Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade | 1 | TLR4 |
| MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane | 1 | TLR4 |
| MyD88-independent TLR4 cascade | 1 | TLR4 |
| Innate Immune System | 1 | TUBB |
| Immune System | 1 | TUBB |
| Organelle biogenesis and maintenance | 1 | TUBB |
| TRIF-mediated programmed cell death | 1 | TLR4 |
| Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition | 1 | TUBB |
| Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes | 1 | TUBB |
| Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes | 1 | TUBB |
| Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome | 1 | TUBB |
| Centrosome maturation | 1 | TUBB |
| Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes | 1 | TUBB |
| Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway | 1 | NR1I2 |
| SUMOylation of intracellular receptors | 1 | NR1I2 |
| Mitotic G2-G2/M phases | 1 | TUBB |
| MyD88 deficiency (TLR2/4) | 1 | TLR4 |
| IRAK4 deficiency (TLR2/4) | 1 | TLR4 |
| Cilium Assembly | 1 | TUBB |
| Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane | 1 | TUBB |
| Infectious disease | 1 | TUBB |
| Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand | 1 | TLR4 |
| Neutrophil degranulation | 1 | TUBB |
| Mitotic Prometaphase | 1 | TUBB |
| M Phase | 1 | TUBB |
| G2/M Transition | 1 | TUBB |
Dominant GO biological processes
| GO term | Targets |
|---|---|
| gene expression | 2 |
| positive regulation of gene expression | 2 |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | 2 |
| intestinal epithelial structure maintenance | 2 |
| signal transduction | 2 |
| toll-like receptor signaling pathway | 1 |
| wound healing involved in inflammatory response | 1 |
| B cell proliferation involved in immune response | 1 |
| nitric oxide production involved in inflammatory response | 1 |
| regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production | 1 |
| MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway | 1 |
| growth plate cartilage morphogenesis | 1 |
| nitric oxide biosynthetic process | 1 |
| phagocytosis | 1 |
| inflammatory response | 1 |
Indications & clinical
Indications
169 indications (16 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| breast carcinoma | 4 | MONDO:0004989 | EFO:0000305 |
| non-small cell lung carcinoma | 4 | MONDO:0005233 | EFO:0003060 |
| neoplasm | 4 | MONDO:0005070 | EFO:0000616 |
| ovarian carcinoma | 4 | MONDO:0005140 | EFO:0001075 |
| Kaposi’s sarcoma | 4 | MONDO:0005055 | EFO:0000558 |
| exocrine pancreatic carcinoma | 4 | MONDO:0005192 | EFO:0002618 |
| breast neoplasm | 4 | MONDO:0021100 | EFO:0003869 |
| pancreatic neoplasm | 4 | MONDO:0021040 | EFO:0003860 |
| carcinoma | 4 | MONDO:0004993 | EFO:0000313 |
| ovarian neoplasm | 4 | MONDO:0021068 | EFO:0003893 |
| undifferentiated carcinoma | 4 | MONDO:0005617 | EFO:0006772 |
| ovarian cancer | 4 | MONDO:0008170 | MONDO:0008170 |
| HER2 positive breast carcinoma | 4 | MONDO:0006244 | EFO:1000294 |
| malignant pancreatic neoplasm | 4 | MONDO:0009831 | EFO:1000359 |
| gastric adenocarcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005036 | EFO:0000503 |
| gastric carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0004950 | EFO:0000178 |
| melanoma | 3 | MONDO:0005105 | EFO:0000756 |
| metastatic melanoma | 3 | MONDO:0005191 | EFO:0002617 |
| cervical carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005131 | EFO:0001061 |
| squamous cell lung carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005097 | EFO:0000708 |
| squamous cell carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005096 | EFO:0000707 |
| carcinoma of esophagus | 3 | MONDO:0019086 | EFO:0002916 |
| tumor of uterus | 3 | MONDO:0021353 | EFO:0003859 |
| head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0010150 | EFO:0000181 |
| male breast carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005628 | EFO:0006861 |
| cutaneous melanoma | 3 | MONDO:0005012 | EFO:0000389 |
| endometrium neoplasm | 3 | MONDO:0021251 | EFO:0004230 |
| peritoneal neoplasm | 3 | MONDO:0006901 | EFO:1001100 |
| sarcoma | 3 | MONDO:0005089 | EFO:0000691 |
| peripheral arterial disease | 3 | MONDO:0005386 | EFO:0004265 |
| HIV infectious disease | 3 | MONDO:0005109 | EFO:0000180 |
| adenocarcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0004970 | EFO:0000228 |
| urinary bladder neoplasm | 3 | MONDO:0004987 | EFO:0000294 |
| ischemic disease | 3 | MONDO:0005053 | EFO:0000556 |
| cervical adenocarcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005153 | EFO:0001416 |
| lung large cell carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0003050 | EFO:0003050 |
| gastric neoplasm | 3 | MONDO:0021085 | EFO:0003897 |
| nasopharyngeal neoplasm | 3 | MONDO:0005375 | EFO:0004252 |
| testicular cancer | 3 | MONDO:0005447 | EFO:0004281 |
| upper aerodigestive tract neoplasm | 3 | MONDO:0005398 | EFO:0004284 |
| triple-negative breast carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005494 | EFO:0005537 |
| esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005580 | EFO:0005922 |
| non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 3 | MONDO:0018908 | EFO:0005952 |
| head and neck cancer | 3 | MONDO:0005627 | EFO:0006859 |
| fallopian tube carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0006206 | EFO:1000251 |
| inflammatory breast carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0006804 | EFO:1000984 |
| female reproductive organ cancer | 3 | MONDO:0001416 | EFO:1001331 |
| endometrial carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0002447 | EFO:1001512 |
| soft tissue sarcoma | 3 | MONDO:0018078 | EFO:1001968 |
| lung adenocarcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005061 | EFO:0000571 |
| peripheral neuropathy | 3 | MONDO:0005244 | EFO:0003100 |
| urothelial carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0040679 | EFO:0008528 |
| uterine carcinosarcoma | 3 | MONDO:0006485 | EFO:1000613 |
| peripheral nervous system disorder | 3 | MONDO:0003620 | EFO:0004149 |
| fallopian tube neoplasm | 3 | MONDO:0021092 | MONDO:0002158 |
| teratoma | 3 | MONDO:0002601 | MONDO:0002601 |
| uterine cancer | 3 | MONDO:0002715 | MONDO:0002715 |
| lung neoplasm | 3 | MONDO:0021117 | MONDO:0008903 |
| oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0004958 | EFO:0000199 |
| anemia | 3 | MONDO:0002280 | EFO:0004272 |
| laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005595 | EFO:0006352 |
| thyroid gland carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0015075 | EFO:0002892 |
| female reproductive system neoplasm | 3 | MONDO:0021148 | MONDO:0021148 |
| allergic disease | 3 | MONDO:0005271 | MONDO:0005271 |
| uterine corpus cancer | 3 | MONDO:0006003 | EFO:0007532 |
| sex cord-stromal tumor | 3 | MONDO:0006055 | EFO:1000052 |
| paraganglioma | 3 | MONDO:0000448 | EFO:1000453 |
| pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005184 | MONDO:0005184 |
| nasopharyngeal carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0015459 | MONDO:0015459 |
| small cell lung carcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0008433 | EFO:0000702 |
| plasma cell myeloma | 2 | MONDO:0009693 | EFO:0001378 |
| peripheral vascular disease | 2 | MONDO:0005294 | EFO:0003875 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0007256 | EFO:0000182 |
| colorectal adenocarcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0005008 | EFO:0000365 |
| cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0019210 | EFO:1001471 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 2 | MONDO:0010811 | EFO:0000284 |
| minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0004991 | EFO:0000308 |
| germ cell tumor | 2 | MONDO:0005040 | EFO:0000514 |
| leukemia | 2 | MONDO:0005059 | EFO:0000565 |
| lymphoma | 2 | MONDO:0005062 | EFO:0000574 |
| prostate adenocarcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0005082 | EFO:0000673 |
| psoriasis | 2 | MONDO:0005083 | EFO:0000676 |
| rheumatoid arthritis | 2 | MONDO:0008383 | EFO:0000685 |
| actinic keratosis | 2 | MONDO:0005173 | EFO:0002496 |
| oral cavity neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0021245 | EFO:0003868 |
| angiosarcoma | 2 | MONDO:0016982 | EFO:0003968 |
| cholangiocarcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0019087 | EFO:0005221 |
| hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome | 2 | MONDO:0003582 | Orphanet:145 |
| endometrioid adenocarcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0005026 | EFO:0000466 |
| colorectal neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0005335 | EFO:0004142 |
| thymic carcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0006451 | EFO:1000576 |
| thymoma | 2 | MONDO:0006456 | EFO:1000581 |
| adrenal cortex carcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0006639 | EFO:1000796 |
| oropharynx cancer | 2 | MONDO:0004608 | EFO:1001931 |
| intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0003210 | EFO:1001961 |
| hypopharyngeal carcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0005216 | EFO:0002938 |
| breast ductal adenocarcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0005590 | EFO:0006318 |
| ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0006046 | EFO:1000043 |
| central nervous system neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0006130 | EFO:1000158 |
| penile neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0006895 | MONDO:0001325 |
| vulva cancer | 2 | MONDO:0001528 | MONDO:0001528 |
| neuroendocrine carcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0002120 | MONDO:0002120 |
| kidney cancer | 2 | MONDO:0002367 | MONDO:0002367 |
| breast carcinoma in situ | 2 | MONDO:0004658 | MONDO:0004658 |
| salivary gland cancer | 2 | MONDO:0004669 | MONDO:0004669 |
| gallbladder neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0021253 | MONDO:0005411 |
| bone cancer | 2 | MONDO:0002129 | EFO:1000350 |
| gastrointestinal stromal tumor | 2 | MONDO:0011719 | MONDO:0011719 |
| mixed neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0021043 | MONDO:0021043 |
| glioma | 2 | MONDO:0021042 | MONDO:0100342 |
| dysplasia of cervix | 2 | MONDO:0006736 | MONDO:0022394 |
| vulvar carcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0005215 | EFO:0002921 |
| bone neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0019060 | EFO:0003820 |
| ocular melanoma | 2 | MONDO:0006325 | EFO:1000403 |
| uveal melanoma | 2 | MONDO:0006486 | EFO:1000616 |
| coronary restenosis | 1 | MONDO:0005355 | EFO:0004224 |
| glioblastoma | 1 | MONDO:0018177 | EFO:0000519 |
| Hodgkins lymphoma | 1 | MONDO:0004952 | EFO:0000183 |
| mesothelioma | 1 | MONDO:0005065 | EFO:0000588 |
| renal cell carcinoma | 1 | MONDO:0005086 | EFO:0000681 |
| verrucous carcinoma | 1 | MONDO:0006006 | EFO:0007535 |
| rectal cancer | 1 | MONDO:0006519 | EFO:1000657 |
| small cell carcinoma | 1 | MONDO:0000402 | EFO:0008524 |
| B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia | 1 | MONDO:0004948 | EFO:0000095 |
| vaginal cancer | 1 | MONDO:0001402 | MONDO:0001402 |
| anus neoplasm | 1 | MONDO:0003046 | MONDO:0001879 |
| gliosarcoma | 1 | MONDO:0016681 | EFO:1001465 |
| ductal breast carcinoma in situ | 1 | MONDO:0005023 | EFO:0000432 |
| brain neoplasm | 1 | MONDO:0021211 | EFO:0003833 |
| carcinoid tumor | 1 | MONDO:0005369 | EFO:0004243 |
| malignant peritoneal mesothelioma | 1 | MONDO:0005512 | EFO:0005567 |
| cystic, mucinous, and serous neoplasm | 1 | MONDO:0006720 | MONDO:0037256 |
| thyroid gland undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma | 0 | MONDO:0006468 | EFO:1000595 |
36 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 2,828.
Phase distribution
(phase/status distribution below is over 1,600 sampled trials of the 2,828 total).
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE2 | 757 |
| PHASE3 | 601 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 148 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 65 |
| PHASE4 | 29 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03096418 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Neoadjuvant Weekly Paclitaxel and Biomarkers of Therapy Response |
| NCT05035147 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Albumin-bound Paclitaxel Combined With Gemcitabine First-line Inoperable Pancreatic Cancer |
| NCT05183126 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Pharmacokinetic Study of Skeletal Muscle Area-based Paclitaxel Infusion in Patients With Cancer |
| NCT00418067 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Sirolimus-Eluting Stent and PacliTaxel-Eluting Stent for Coronary Lesions |
| NCT00422565 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Zotarolimus-Versus Sirolimus-Versus PacliTaxel-Eluting Stent for Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients |
| NCT00606515 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Pharmacokinetics Study of Liposomal Paclitaxel in Humans |
| NCT00852215 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Do Cobalt Chrome Stent and Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent Have Equivalent Clinical Result in Non-Complex Lesion? |
| NCT00987324 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Efficacy Study of Paclitaxel-eluting Balloon, -Stent vs. Plain Angioplasty for Drug-eluting Stent Restenosis |
| NCT01066832 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | The Valentines Trial |
| NCT01078051 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation Versus Optimal Medical Treatment in Patients With Chronic Total Occlusion (DECISION-CTO) |
| NCT01094184 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Study of Bevacizumab With Taxane Therapy in Participants With Triple Negative Breast Cancer |
| NCT01156961 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | A Study of The Safety Profile of First-line Avastin (Bevacizumab) in Combination With Paclitaxel in Patients With Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Her2-negative Breast Cancer (AVATAX) |
| NCT01301729 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Study of Herceptin (Trastuzumab) in Combination With a Taxane in Participants With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Who Relapsed After (Neo)Adjuvant Herceptin Treatment |
| NCT01317615 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | RAD001 With Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in First Line Treatment of Patients With Advanced Large Cell Lung Cancer With Neuroendocrine Differentiation |
| NCT01706120 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Study of Clinical and Biological Prognostic Factors in Patients With Ovarian Cancer Receiving Carboplatin +Paclitaxel With Bevacizumab |
| NCT01994031 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Dose Escalation and Pharmacokinetic Study of Paclitaxel Liposome Injection in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor After Failure From Conventional Treatments |
| NCT02207361 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Paclitaxel in Combination With Carboplatin Versus Paclitaxel Plus Epirubicin in Metastatic Breast Cancer |
| NCT02419742 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Safety and Efficacy of Trastuzumab as Part of Breast Cancer Treatment Regimen |
| NCT02513355 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Endostar Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Multi-center Clinical Research |
| NCT02996214 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Paclitaxel Liposome for Squamous Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer Study(LIPUSU) |
| NCT03092986 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Outcome of Cisplatin and Vinblastine Versus Paclitaxel and Carboplatin as Sequential Chemotherapy Followed by Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer |
| NCT03794778 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Evaluation of PLD Combined With Carboplatin Versus Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin in the First-line Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer |
| NCT04217096 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Efficacy and Safety of Paclitaxel Liposome and S-1 as First-line Therapy in \ Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Patients |
| NCT04489888 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Plus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel as First-line Treatment of Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (MK-3475-B10/KEYNOTE B10) |
| NCT04766827 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Albumin-bound Paclitaxel Combined With Cisplatin Versus Docetaxel Combined With Cisplatin Induced Chemotherapy in Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Tummor |
| NCT05033769 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Assessing ImmunoResponse Post Eribulin: Eribulin and Immunogenicity in Advanced Breast Cancer |
| NCT05291910 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Inetetamab Combined With Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody and Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel for HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer |
| NCT05603065 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Tislelizumab With Chemotherapy or Radiation for Neoadjuvant Therapy of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TINES) |
| NCT05730777 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Correlation Between Myocardial Injury and Intestinal Flora Changes Associated With Oncology Drug Therapy and the Preventive of Probiotics |
| NCT00070564 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | S0221 Adjuvant Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, and Paclitaxel in Treating Patients With Breast Cancer |
| NCT00433420 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Fluorouracil and/or Pegfilgrastim in Treating Women With Node-Positive Breast Cancer |
| NCT00433511 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Cyclophosphamide, and Paclitaxel With or Without Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Lymph Node-Positive or High-Risk, Lymph Node-Negative Breast Cancer |
| NCT00565851 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Carboplatin, Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine Hydrochloride With or Without Bevacizumab After Surgery in Treating Patients With Recurrent Ovarian, Epithelial, Primary Peritoneal, or Fallopian Tube Cancer |
| NCT01057069 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer |
| NCT01081262 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Carboplatin and Paclitaxel or Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine With or Without Bevacizumab as First-Line Therapy in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Stage II-IV or Recurrent Stage I Epithelial Ovarian or Fallopian Tube Cancer |
| NCT01167712 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Paclitaxel and Carboplatin With or Without Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Stage II, Stage III, or Stage IV Ovarian Epithelial Cancer, Primary Peritoneal Cancer, or Fallopian Tube Cancer |
| NCT01566240 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Induction Chemotherapy Plus Chemoradiation as First Line Treatment for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer |
| NCT01646034 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | High Dose Chemotherapy in Oligo-metastatic Homologous Recombination Deficient Breast Cancer |
| NCT01820858 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | The Efficacy and Safety of the Postoperative Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With High-risk Stage I Endometrial Carcinoma |
| NCT02135042 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Individualized Treatment Treating Patients With Stage II-IVB Nasopharyngeal Cancer Based on EBV DNA |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
Variant × indication × effect (31 predictive associations from 32 curated evidence items):
| Variant | Indication | Effect | Therapy | Level | CIViC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATM Underexpression | Stomach Cancer | Sensitivity/Response | Paclitaxel + Olaparib | CIViC B | EID5215 +1 |
| ABCB1 S893T | Ovarian Cancer | Sensitivity/Response | Paclitaxel | CIViC B | EID674 |
| CCND1 Amplification | Skin Melanoma | Sensitivity/Response | Sorafenib + Carboplatin + Paclitaxel | CIViC B | EID1495 |
| EMSY Overexpression | Ovarian Serous Carcinoma | Sensitivity/Response | Paclitaxel + Bevacizumab + Carboplatin | CIViC B | EID12149 |
| ERBB2 Overexpression | Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma | Sensitivity/Response | Carboplatin + Paclitaxel + Trastuzumab | CIViC B | EID7386 |
| ERCC2 K751Q | Lung Non-small Cell Carcinoma | Sensitivity/Response | Paclitaxel + Carboplatin | CIViC B | EID677 |
| ETS2 RS461155 | Lung Non-small Cell Carcinoma | Sensitivity/Response | Paclitaxel + Cisplatin | CIViC B | EID1060 |
| MSI High | Endometrial Cancer | Sensitivity/Response | Carboplatin + Dostarlimab + Paclitaxel | CIViC B | EID12341 |
| MSI High | Endometrial Cancer | Sensitivity/Response | Paclitaxel + Dostarlimab + Carboplatin | CIViC B | EID12343 |
| PDCD4 EXPRESSION | Lung Cancer | Sensitivity/Response | Paclitaxel | CIViC B | EID821 |
| PTEN Loss | Solid Tumor | Sensitivity/Response | Buparlisib + Carboplatin + Paclitaxel | CIViC B | EID5957 |
| RAF1 Amplification | Skin Melanoma | Sensitivity/Response | Paclitaxel + Sorafenib + Carboplatin | CIViC B | EID1496 |
| RRM1 Underexpression | Lung Non-small Cell Carcinoma | Sensitivity/Response | Paclitaxel + Gemcitabine + Cisplatin | CIViC B | EID12044 |
| RRM1 Underexpression | Lung Non-small Cell Carcinoma | Sensitivity/Response | Paclitaxel + Vinorelbine + Gemcitabine | CIViC B | EID5599 |
| KRAS RS61764370 | Epithelial Ovarian Cancer | Resistance | Paclitaxel + Carboplatin | CIViC B | EID664 |
| STMN1 EXPRESSION | Endometrial Carcinoma | Resistance | Paclitaxel | CIViC B | EID855 |
| TIMP1 Overexpression | Breast Cancer | Resistance | Paclitaxel | CIViC B | EID927 |
| ERCC1 Expression | Bladder Carcinoma | Paclitaxel + Cisplatin + Gemcitabine | CIViC B | EID6438 | |
| ERBB2 Overexpression | Salivary Gland Cancer | Sensitivity/Response | Paclitaxel + Trastuzumab | CIViC C | EID6170 |
| PTEN Loss | Cancer | Sensitivity/Response | Carboplatin + Buparlisib + Paclitaxel | CIViC C | EID714 |
| GSTP1 Deletion | Ovarian Carcinoma | Sensitivity/Response | Carboplatin + Paclitaxel + Cisplatin | CIViC D | EID660 |
| NRG1 Expression | Lung Non-small Cell Carcinoma | Sensitivity/Response | Cisplatin + Gemcitabine + Carboplatin + Paclitaxel | CIViC D | EID779 |
| ABCB1 Overexpression | Lung Non-small Cell Carcinoma | Resistance | Paclitaxel | CIViC D | EID944 |
| ABCC10 Overexpression | Lung Non-small Cell Carcinoma | Resistance | Paclitaxel | CIViC D | EID952 |
| ABCC3 Amplification | Breast Cancer | Resistance | Monomethyl Auristatin E + Paclitaxel | CIViC D | EID951 |
| ASS1 Loss | Ovarian Cancer | Resistance | Taxol + Carboplatin + Cisplatin | CIViC D | EID5989 |
| AURKA Overexpression | Cervical Adenocarcinoma | Resistance | Paclitaxel | CIViC D | EID457 |
| MYD88 Overexpression | Breast Cancer | Resistance | Paclitaxel | CIViC D | EID734 |
| SYK OVEREXPRESSION | Ovarian Cancer | Resistance | Paclitaxel | CIViC D | EID752 |
| TP53 R248Q | Ovarian Cancer | Resistance | Paclitaxel + Doxorubicin + Etoposide | CIViC D | EID7175 |
+1 more predictive associations (showing top 30 by level).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
PharmGKB dosing guidelines (1) — CPIC / DPWG genotype-guided dosing for this drug (drug × pharmacogene):
| Guideline | Source | Gene(s) | Dosing | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annotation of DPWG Guideline for paclitaxel and CYP3A4 | DPWG | CYP3A4 |
PharmGKB also curates 45 clinical and 242 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).
Related molecules
Related molecules
Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.
298 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:
| Molecule | Source | Status | Shared targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| CARVEDILOL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2, TLR4 |
| METHOTREXATE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2, TLR4 |
| PATUPILONE | ChEMBL | Phase 3 | NR1I2, TUBB |
| BOSENTAN | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CRIZOTINIB | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| DACOMITINIB | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE PIVALATE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| FULVESTRANT | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| GEFITINIB | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| PODOFILOX | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | TUBB |
| TADALAFIL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| VINBLASTINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | TUBB |
| ABACAVIR | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| ACENOCOUMAROL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| ACETAMINOPHEN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| ACITRETIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| ADAPALENE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| ALECTINIB | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| ALPIDEM | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| AMBRISENTAN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| AMLODIPINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| AMSACRINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| ATAZANAVIR | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| ATORVASTATIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BEDAQUILINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BENFLUOREX | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BENZBROMARONE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BENZTHIAZIDE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BEPRIDIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BIFONAZOLE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BITHIONOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BRIMONIDINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BROMPERIDOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BUCLIZINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BUTENAFINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| BUTOCONAZOLE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CALCIPOTRIENE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CALCITRIOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CANNABIDIOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CAPSAICIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEFACLOR | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEFAMANDOLE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEFEPIME | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEFMENOXIME | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEFOTAXIME | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEFOXITIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEFPODOXIME | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEFTAZIDIME | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEFTIZOXIME | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEFTRIAXONE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEFUROXIME | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEPHALORIDINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEPHALOTHIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEPHAPIRIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CEPHRADINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CHLORHEXIDINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CHLOROXINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
| CHLORPROTHIXENE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | NR1I2 |
Related Atlas pages
- Genes: TLR4, TUBB, NR1I2
- Diseases: breast carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, neoplasm, ovarian carcinoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, breast neoplasm, pancreatic neoplasm, carcinoma, ovarian neoplasm, ovarian cancer, HER2 positive breast carcinoma, malignant pancreatic neoplasm, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric carcinoma, melanoma, metastatic melanoma, cervical carcinoma, squamous cell lung carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma of esophagus, tumor of uterus, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, male breast carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, endometrium neoplasm, peritoneal neoplasm, sarcoma, peripheral arterial disease, HIV infectious disease, adenocarcinoma, urinary bladder neoplasm, ischemic disease, cervical adenocarcinoma, lung large cell carcinoma, gastric neoplasm, nasopharyngeal neoplasm, testicular cancer, upper aerodigestive tract neoplasm, triple-negative breast carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, head and neck cancer, fallopian tube carcinoma, inflammatory breast carcinoma, female reproductive organ cancer, endometrial carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, lung adenocarcinoma, peripheral neuropathy, urothelial carcinoma, uterine carcinosarcoma, peripheral nervous system disorder, fallopian tube neoplasm, teratoma, uterine cancer, lung neoplasm, oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, anemia, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, thyroid gland carcinoma, female reproductive system neoplasm, allergic disease, uterine corpus cancer, sex cord-stromal tumor, paraganglioma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ovarian serous adenocarcinoma, endometrial serous adenocarcinoma, lung carcinoma, urinary bladder carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, cancer
- Drugs: Carvedilol, Methotrexate, Patupilone, Bosentan, Crizotinib, Dacomitinib, Desoxycorticosterone Pivalate, Fulvestrant, Gefitinib, Podofilox, Tadalafil, Vinblastine, Abacavir, Acenocoumarol, Acetaminophen, Acitretin, Adapalene, Alectinib, Alpidem, Ambrisentan, Amlodipine, Amsacrine, Atazanavir, Atorvastatin, Bedaquiline, Benfluorex, Benzbromarone, Benzthiazide, Bepridil, Betamethasone Dipropionate, Bifonazole, Bithionol, Brimonidine, Bromperidol, Buclizine, Butenafine, Butoconazole, Calcipotriene, Calcitriol, Candesartan Cilexetil, Cannabidiol, Capsaicin, Cefaclor, Cefamandole, Cefepime, Cefmenoxime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Cefpodoxime, Ceftazidime, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime, Cephaloridine, Cephalothin, Cephapirin, Cephradine, Chlorhexidine, Chloroxine, Chlorprothixene
- Biomarker genes: ABCB1, ABCC10, AURKA, MYD88, PDCD4, STMN1, SYK, TIMP1, TUBB3