Pemoline

Summary

Pemoline (CHEMBL1177) is an approved small-molecule central nervous system stimulant (ATC N06BA05); indicated across 2 conditions including attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and cocaine dependence.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: N06BA05
• Indications: 2 conditions
• Clinical trials: 3
• Chemistry: 176.17 Da · C9H8N2O2

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL1177
Name	Pemoline
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	no
PubChem CID	4723
ChEBI	CHEBI:7953
ATC	N06BA05
Molecular formula	C9H8N2O2
Molecular weight	176.17
InChIKey	NRNCYVBFPDDJNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2C(=O)N=C(O2)N

IUPAC name: 2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-4-one

ChEBI definition: A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): central nervous system stimulant.

Also known as: Azoksodon, Azoxodon, Azoxodone, Centramin, Cylert, Dantromin, Deltamin, Deltamine, Fenoxazol, Hyton, Hyton asa, Kethamed

Patent coverage: 3,517 distinct patent families (12,716 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 12,449 (98%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 2 (assay-derived). Sample: Ras-related protein Rab-9A, Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 4 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 4 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
SLC6A3	6.38	Ki	414.2	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7732002
SLC6A3	6.28	IC50	521.3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7732001
RAB9A	5.9	Potency	1259	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_3859189
SLC6A3	5.46	AC50	3460	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25124424

Target pathways

No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).

Indications & clinical

Indications

2 indications (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	4	MONDO:0007743	EFO:0003888
cocaine dependence	2	MONDO:0005186	EFO:0002610

Clinical trials

Total trials: 3.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE2	2
Not specified	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00000282	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Pemoline for Cocaine Abuse - 7
NCT00000340	PHASE2	WITHDRAWN	Pemoline in the Treatment of Stimulant Dependence - 5
NCT03963986	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Impacts of Remote Digital Support on Physical Activity for Patients in Bariatric Surgery

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.

Related molecules

Related molecules

No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).