Perindopril
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Also known as MCN-A-2833S-9490SID56463760SID170464836SID144206638PERINDOPRIL ERBUMINE
Summary
Perindopril (CHEMBL1581) is an approved small-molecule EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor (ATC C09AA04) targeting ACE; indicated across 12 conditions including cardiovascular disorder and dilated cardiomyopathy.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: C09AA04
- Targets: 1 (ACE)
- Indications: 12 conditions
- Clinical trials: 43
- Chemistry: 368.5 Da · C19H32N2O5
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1581 |
| Name | Perindopril |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 107807 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:8024 |
| ATC | C09AA04 |
| Molecular formula | C19H32N2O5 |
| Molecular weight | 368.5 |
| InChIKey | IPVQLZZIHOAWMC-QXKUPLGCSA-N |
SMILES: CCC[C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@H]2CCCC[C@H]2C[C@H]1C(=O)O
IUPAC name: (2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]propanoyl]-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid
ChEBI definition: An α-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor, antihypertensive agent.
Also known as: MCN-A-2833, Perindopril, S-9490, SID56463760, perindopril, PERINDOPRIL, SID170464836, SID144206638, PERINDOPRIL ERBUMINE
Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1200343, CHEMBL3544986
Patent coverage: 5,941 distinct patent families (22,987 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).
| Gene | Target | Action | pAffinity | Cancer dependency | UniProt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACE | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Inhibition | 0.7% | P12821 |
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 2 (assay-derived). Sample: Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Beta-lactamase.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 3 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 3 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACE | 8.82 | IC50 | 1.5 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_13501386 |
| ACE | 8.44 | IC50 | 3.6 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25090622 |
| P00811 | 5.35 | Potency | 4467 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4630184 |
Target pathways
Aggregated over 1 target gene(s): ACE.
Top Reactome pathways
3 total, by targets touching each:
| Pathway | Targets | Genes |
|---|---|---|
| Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins | 1 | ACE |
| Peptide hormone metabolism | 1 | ACE |
| Metabolism of proteins | 1 | ACE |
Dominant GO biological processes
| GO term | Targets |
|---|---|
| kidney development | 1 |
| blood vessel remodeling | 1 |
| angiotensin maturation | 1 |
| regulation of renal output by angiotensin | 1 |
| neutrophil mediated immunity | 1 |
| antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I | 1 |
| regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin | 1 |
| positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | 1 |
| proteolysis | 1 |
| spermatogenesis | 1 |
| regulation of blood pressure | 1 |
| male gonad development | 1 |
| post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression | 1 |
| negative regulation of gene expression | 1 |
| substance P catabolic process | 1 |
Indications & clinical
Indications
12 indications (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| cardiovascular disorder | 4 | MONDO:0004995 | EFO:0000319 |
| dilated cardiomyopathy | 3 | MONDO:0005021 | EFO:0000407 |
| hypertensive disorder | 3 | MONDO:0005044 | EFO:0000537 |
| type 2 diabetes mellitus | 3 | MONDO:0005148 | MONDO:0005148 |
| Marfan syndrome | 3 | MONDO:0007947 | MONDO:0007947 |
| abdominal aortic aneurysm | 2 | MONDO:0005350 | EFO:0004214 |
| childhood malignant neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0006517 | EFO:1000654 |
| breast neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0021100 | MONDO:0007254 |
| Alzheimer disease | 2 | MONDO:0004975 | MONDO:0004975 |
| post-traumatic stress disorder | 1 | MONDO:0005146 | EFO:0001358 |
| methamphetamine dependence | 1 | MONDO:0005419 | EFO:0004701 |
| substance-related disorder | 1 | MONDO:0002494 | MONDO:0002491 |
Clinical trials
Total trials: 43.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE4 | 22 |
| PHASE2 | 7 |
| Not specified | 6 |
| PHASE3 | 5 |
| PHASE1 | 3 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00128518 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | IDEAL Study: Identification of the Determinants of the Efficacy of Arterial Blood Pressure Lowering Drugs |
| NCT00402376 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Evaluation of Myocardial Improvement in Patients Supported by Ventricular Assist Device Under Optimal Pharmacological Therapy |
| NCT01089452 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Combined With Calcium Antagonist Evaluation of Safety and Lowering of Systolic Blood Pressure Study |
| NCT01101009 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Sevikar® and the Combination of Perindopril/Amlodipine on Central Blood Pressure |
| NCT01219413 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Influence of Aliskiren on Proteinuria |
| NCT01295047 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Medical Therapies in Marfan Syndrome. |
| NCT01819441 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Stratification of Blood Pressure Control Against Progress of Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases in Poststroke Patients |
| NCT02213224 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Perindopril and Telmisartan for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| NCT02299310 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Effect of Valsartan vs Perindopril on HOMA-IR Index in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease |
| NCT02710539 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Once-daily Fixed Combination of Three Antihypertensive Drugs |
| NCT02995954 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Fixed vs Free Dose of ACEi/CCB Combination Therapy |
| NCT03047538 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Fixed Combination for Lipid and Blood Pressure Control |
| NCT03393715 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Effect of Morning Versus Evening Perindopril on Blood Pressure Control in People With Type 2 Diabetes |
| NCT03747978 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Short-term Effects of Perindopril-amlodipine Versus Perindopril-indapamide in Type 2 Diabetes |
| NCT03921736 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Reversal of an Unfavorable Effect of Hydrochlorothiazide Compared to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor on Serum Uric Acid and Oxypurines Levels by Estrogen-progestin Therapy in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women. |
| NCT04023565 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Moxonidine + Perindopril in Hypertensive Patients With Metabolic Syndrome |
| NCT04148820 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | One Versus Twice Daily Administration of Multiple Cardiovascular Agents in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease |
| NCT04306627 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Effect of Atorvastatin on Carotid Intima Media Thickness |
| NCT04342351 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Early Treatment of ARNI on Myocardial Remodeling and Progress |
| NCT05535595 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Precision Treatment With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor |
| NCT05683301 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Treatment Optimisation for Blood Pressure With Single-Pill Combinations in India |
| NCT06341101 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Timely Recovery After Subclinical Heart Failure |
| NCT00461903 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy of Perindopril to Prevent Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Essential Hypertension |
| NCT01556997 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Perindopril Amlodipine for the Treatment of Hypertension |
| NCT01583114 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | PREclinical Mutation CARriers From Families With DIlated Cardiomyopathy and ACE Inhibitors |
| NCT02729441 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Perindopril vs Ramipril for Persistence in MAU Reduction Study |
| NCT04591808 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Efficacy and Safety of Atorvastatin + Perindopril Fixed-Dose Combination S05167 in Adult Patients With Arterial Hypertension and Dyslipidemia |
| NCT00202553 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | S90652 in Paediatric Hypertension |
| NCT00202592 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | S90652 in Paediatric Hypertension |
| NCT01948232 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Pilot Study of Perindopril in Childhood Cancer Survivors |
| NCT02085265 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Telmisartan vs. Perindopril in Mild-Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease Patients |
| NCT02651415 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Phase II Study of Perindopril and Regorafenib in mCRC |
| NCT02777489 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Influence of Carboxypeptidase D (CPD) Gene on Body Weight and Fat Mass Reduction by Perindopril in Obese Subjects |
| NCT03295734 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | ACES - ACE Inhibitors Combined With Exercise for Seniors With Hypertension |
| NCT01062451 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | An ACE Inhibitor (Perindopril) or an Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (Candesartan) as a Treatment for Methamphetamine Dependence |
| NCT02308202 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | DOXAZOSIN FOR PTSD |
| NCT06213610 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Bioequivalence Study of Perindopril Tablets in Healthy Volunteers Under Fasting Conditions |
| NCT00292162 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Curing Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure |
| NCT00915928 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Chronic Subdural Hematoma - Reduction of Recurrence by Treatment With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors |
| NCT01012687 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Bioequivalency Study of Perindopril Erbumine 8 mg Tablet Under Fasted Conditions |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline, but PharmGKB curates 5 clinical and 11 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).
Related molecules
Related molecules
Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.
32 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 32 by shared-target count:
| Molecule | Source | Status | Shared targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAPTOPRIL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| LOSARTAN | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| SITAGLIPTIN | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| BENAZEPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| ENALAPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| ENALAPRILAT | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| FOSINOPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| IMIDAPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| LISINOPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| MOEXIPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| QUINAPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| RAMIPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| TELMISARTAN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| TRANDOLAPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | ACE |
| EDETIC ACID | ChEMBL | Phase 3 | ACE |
| QUINAPRILAT | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 2 (approved) | ACE |
| BENAZEPRILAT | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| CERONAPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| FOSINOPRILAT | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| IMIDAPRILAT | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| LIBENZAPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| MOEXIPRILAT | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| OMAPATRILAT | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| PROLINE | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| RENTIAPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| SAMPATRILAT | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| SPIRAPRILAT | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| TEPROTIDE | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| ZOFENOPRIL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | ACE |
| Gallic Acid | PubChem | Approved | ACE |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | PubChem | Approved | ACE |
| Paclitaxel | PubChem | Approved | ACE |
Related Atlas pages
- Genes: ACE
- Diseases: cardiovascular disorder, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertensive disorder, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Marfan syndrome
- Drugs: Captopril, Losartan, Sitagliptin, Benazepril, Enalapril, Enalaprilat, Fosinopril, Imidapril, Lisinopril, Moexipril, Quinapril, Ramipril, Telmisartan, Trandolapril, Edetic Acid, Hydrochlorothiazide, Paclitaxel