Piperazine

Summary

Piperazine (CHEMBL1412) is an approved small-molecule anthelminthic drug (ATC P02CB01) targeting HTR6, HTR7, and HTR1D; indicated across 1 condition including helminthiasis.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: P02CB01
• Targets: 7 (HTR6, HTR7, HTR1D…)
• Indications: 1 condition
• Chemistry: 86.14 Da · C4H10N2

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL1412
Name	Piperazine
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	4837
ChEBI	CHEBI:28568
ATC	P02CB01
Molecular formula	C4H10N2
Molecular weight	86.14
InChIKey	GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: C1CNCCN1

IUPAC name: piperazine

ChEBI definition: An azacycloalkane that consists of a six-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms at opposite positions.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): anthelminthic drug.

Also known as: Antepar, Ascalix, Ectodyne, Expelix, FEMA NO. 4250, Ins umuline rapide, NSC-474, P02CB01, Wormex, SID26748210, SID144207113, SID144210424

Patent coverage: 218,454 distinct patent families (645,037 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 645,034 (100%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
HTR6	5-HT6 receptor	Full agonist	5.6	0.2%	P50406
HTR7	5-HT7 receptor	Full agonist	6.6	0.8%	P34969
HTR1D	5-HT1D receptor	Antagonist	6.7	0%	P28221
HTR1E	5-ht1e receptor	Partial agonist	5.4	0%	P28566
HTR2A	5-HT2A receptor	Partial agonist	7.5	0%	P28223
HTR2B	5-HT2B receptor	Partial agonist	8.5	0.4%	P41595
HTR2C	5-HT2C receptor	Partial agonist	8.5	0%	P28335

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 3 (assay-derived). Sample: Microtubule-associated protein tau, 3’,5’-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 4A, Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.

Bioactivity

No ChEMBL bioactivity rows at pChembl ≥ 5 (expected for biologics / antibodies).

Target pathways

Aggregated over 7 target gene(s): HTR6, HTR7, HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C.

Top Reactome pathways

11 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Signal Transduction	7	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
Signaling by GPCR	7	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)	7	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
Amine ligand-binding receptors	7	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
GPCR downstream signalling	7	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
Serotonin receptors	7	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
GPCR ligand binding	7	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
G alpha (q) signalling events	3	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C
G alpha (s) signalling events	2	HTR6, HTR7
G alpha (i) signalling events	2	HTR1D, HTR1E
RHOBTB3 ATPase cycle	1	HTR7

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	7
chemical synaptic transmission	7
signal transduction	7
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	7
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5
smooth muscle contraction	3
vasoconstriction	3
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	3
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway	3
serotonin receptor signaling pathway	3
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process	3
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	3
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	3
adenylate cyclase-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway	2
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	2

Indications & clinical

Indications

1 indication (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
helminthiasis	4	MONDO:0004664	EFO:1001342

Clinical trials

Total trials: 0.

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

585 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
BREXPIPRAZOLE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
DIHYDROERGOTAMINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
IMIPRAMINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
RISPERIDONE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
AZELASTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
SEROTONIN	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 3 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
LATREPIRDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
LYSERGIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
MEBUFOTENIN	ChEMBL	Phase 2	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
PSILOCIN	ChEMBL	Phase 2	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
CLOZAPINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
CYPROHEPTADINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
ERGOTAMINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6
OLANZAPINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
QUETIAPINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
SORAFENIB	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
SUMATRIPTAN	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR7
ZIPRASIDONE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
ARIPIPRAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
CARIPRAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
CINACALCET	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
KETANSERIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
MIANSERIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
NEFAZODONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
TEGASEROD	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
PENFLURIDOL	ChEMBL	Phase 2	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
ASENAPINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6
METHYLERGONOVINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6
RIZATRIPTAN	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C
AMOXAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
ASTEMIZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
CARVEDILOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
CHLORPROMAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
DOXEPIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
FLUPHENAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
HALOPERIDOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
KETOTIFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
LOXAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
METHYSERGIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
OXYMETAZOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6
PROMAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
SALMETEROL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR7
THIORIDAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
THIOTHIXENE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
YOHIMBINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 3 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR6
CHLOROPHENYLPIPERAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
GSK163090	ChEMBL	Phase 2	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR7
MESULERGINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
METERGOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
PRUVANSERIN	ChEMBL	Phase 2	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR7
RITANSERIN	ChEMBL	Phase 2	HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
SPIPERONE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
SPIRAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR6, HTR7
Pyrazinamide	PubChem	Approved	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
Cannabidiol	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C
LASMIDITAN	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2B, HTR7
PALIPERIDONE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR7
PRAMIPEXOLE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR7
AMIODARONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6
AMITRIPTYLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6