Putrescine

Summary

Putrescine (CHEMBL46257) is a phase-3 clinical-stage small-molecule antioxidant targeting KCNJ2 and KCNJ4; indicated across 1 condition including severe cutaneous adverse reaction.

At a glance

• Status: Max clinical phase 3 (not approved)
• Modality: Small molecule
• Targets: 2 (KCNJ2, KCNJ4)
• Indications: 1 condition
• Chemistry: 88.15 Da · C4H12N2

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL46257
Name	Putrescine
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	3
FDA approved	no
PubChem CID	1045
ChEBI	CHEBI:17148
Molecular formula	C4H12N2
Molecular weight	88.15
InChIKey	KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: C(CCN)CN

IUPAC name: butane-1,4-diamine

ChEBI definition: A four-carbon alkane-α,ω-diamine. It is obtained by the breakdown of amino acids and is responsible for the foul odour of putrefying flesh.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antioxidant.

Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): fundamental metabolite.

Also known as: NSC-60545, Putrescine, putrescine, SID11111663, SID90341517, PUTRESCINE, PUTRESCINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1255652, CHEMBL1528028, CHEMBL3229239

Patent coverage: 36,709 distinct patent families (103,798 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
KCNJ2	Kir2.1	Antagonist	5.1	0%	P63252
KCNJ4	Kir2.3	Antagonist		4.4%	P48050

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 1 (assay-derived). Sample: Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit.

Bioactivity

No ChEMBL bioactivity rows at pChembl ≥ 5 (expected for biologics / antibodies).

Target pathways

Aggregated over 2 target gene(s): KCNJ2, KCNJ4.

Top Reactome pathways

18 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
Transmission across Chemical Synapses	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
Neuronal System	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
Classical Kir channels	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
G protein gated Potassium channels	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
Inwardly rectifying K+ channels	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
Potassium Channels	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
Muscle contraction	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
Phase 4 - resting membrane potential	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
Cardiac conduction	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
GABA receptor activation	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
GABA B receptor activation	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
Activation of GABAB receptors	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits	2	KCNJ2, KCNJ4
Sensory Perception	1	KCNJ2
Sensory perception of taste	1	KCNJ2
Sensory perception of sour taste	1	KCNJ2

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
potassium ion transport	2
regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	2
potassium ion import across plasma membrane	2
monoatomic ion transport	2
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	2
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction via regulation of action potential	1
magnesium ion transport	1
intracellular potassium ion homeostasis	1
protein homotetramerization	1
relaxation of cardiac muscle	1
regulation of resting membrane potential	1
regulation of membrane repolarization	1
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	1
potassium ion transmembrane transport	1
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

1 indication (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
severe cutaneous adverse reaction	3	MONDO:0005594	EFO:0006346

Clinical trials

Total trials: 0.

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

3 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 3 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
Belzutifan	PubChem	Approved	KCNJ2
Propafenone	PubChem	Approved	KCNJ2
Zuranolone	PubChem	Approved	KCNJ2