Ribavirin

Summary

Ribavirin (CHEMBL1643) is an approved small-molecule antiviral agent (ATC J05AP01) targeting IMPDH1 and IMPDH2; indicated across 24 conditions including chronic hepatitis c virus infection and cirrhosis of liver.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: J05AP01
• Targets: 2 (IMPDH1, IMPDH2)
• Indications: 24 conditions
• Clinical trials: 624
• Chemistry: 244.2 Da · C8H12N4O5

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL1643
Name	Ribavirin
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	37542
ChEBI	CHEBI:63580
ATC	J05AP01
Molecular formula	C8H12N4O5
Molecular weight	244.2
InChIKey	IWUCXVSUMQZMFG-AFCXAGJDSA-N

SMILES: C1=NC(=NN1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)C(=O)N

IUPAC name: 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

ChEBI definition: A 1-ribosyltriazole that is the 1-ribofuranosyl derivative of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide. A synthetic guanosine analogue, it is an inhibitor of HCV polymerase and possesses a broad spectrum of activity against DNA and RNA viruses.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antiviral agent, antiinfective agent, EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor, anticoronaviral agent.

Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): antimetabolite.

Also known as: Copegus, Cotronak, NSC-163039, Rebetol, Ribasphere, Ribavarin, Ribavirin, Ribavirin biopartners, Ribavirin mylan, Ribavirin teva, Ribavirin teva pharma b.v., Ribavirina

Patent coverage: 23,504 distinct patent families (78,049 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 78,047 (100%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
IMPDH1	inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1	Inhibition	6	8.8%	P20839
IMPDH2	inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2	Inhibition	6	48.5%	P12268

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 15 (assay-derived). Sample: Survival motor neuron protein, Prelamin-A/C, Thrombopoietin, Peripheral myelin protein 22, DNA topoisomerase 1, Thyrotropin receptor, Adenosine receptor A1, Alpha-galactosidase A, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, PA/PB1, Cytochrome P450 3A4, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, Adenosine receptor A1, RNA-directed RNA polymerase, Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 7 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 21 total. Top 100 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
LMNA	8.4	Potency	4	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_3647475
P08482	7.3	Potency	50.1	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4807344
CYP3A4	6.1	Potency	794.3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4961408
CYP3A4	6.1	Potency	794.3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_5030657
Q60612	5.35	Ki	4430	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_19108123
ADORA1	5.13	Ki	7410	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_19108096
EIF4E	5.08	Kd	8400	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25596511

Target pathways

Aggregated over 2 target gene(s): IMPDH1, IMPDH2.

Top Reactome pathways

14 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Metabolism	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Metabolism of nucleotides	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Disease	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Innate Immune System	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Immune System	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Infectious disease	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Neutrophil degranulation	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Nucleotide biosynthesis	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Potential therapeutics for SARS	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
SARS-CoV Infections	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Drug ADME	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Azathioprine ADME	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Viral Infection Pathways	2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
GMP biosynthetic process	2
GTP biosynthetic process	2
lymphocyte proliferation	2
‘de novo’ XMP biosynthetic process	2
purine nucleotide biosynthetic process	2
circadian rhythm	1
cellular response to interleukin-4	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

3 approved indications. FDA phase 4, plus an anticancer drug’s labelled cancer uses (which ChEMBL often logs at phase 3).

Indication	Phase	MONDO	EFO
chronic hepatitis C virus infection	4	MONDO:0005354	EFO:0004220
cirrhosis of liver	4	MONDO:0005155	EFO:0001422
viral infectious disease	4	MONDO:0005108	EFO:0000763

17 diseases in clinical trials (phase 1–3, investigational — not approved indications). Highest ChEMBL trial phase per disease; a non-cancer approved use is occasionally logged at phase 3 here.

Disease (in trials)	Phase	MONDO	EFO
hepatitis C virus infection	3	MONDO:0005231	EFO:0003047
hepatitis B virus infection	3	MONDO:0005344	EFO:0004197
HIV infectious disease	3	MONDO:0005109	EFO:0000764
chronic hepatitis B virus infection	3	MONDO:0005366	EFO:0004239
respiratory syncytial virus infectious disease	3	MONDO:0001577	EFO:1001413
hepatitis	3	MONDO:0002251	HP:0012115
severe acute respiratory syndrome	3	MONDO:0005091	EFO:0000694
depressive disorder	3	MONDO:0002050	MONDO:0002050
acute myeloid leukemia	2	MONDO:0018874	EFO:0000222
hepatitis D virus infection	2	MONDO:0005789	EFO:0007304
Japanese encephalitis	2	MONDO:0019209	EFO:0007332
thrombocytopenia	2	MONDO:0002049	HP:0001873
influenza	2	MONDO:0005812	EFO:0007328
Lassa fever	2	MONDO:0005820	EFO:0007338
type 1 diabetes mellitus	2	MONDO:0005147	MONDO:0005147
neoplasm	1	MONDO:0005070	EFO:0000616
breast neoplasm	1	MONDO:0021100	MONDO:0007254

4 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 624.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE2	204
PHASE3	167
PHASE4	112
Not specified	80
PHASE1	24
PHASE2/PHASE3	21
PHASE1/PHASE2	14
EARLY_PHASE1	2

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02460133	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Understanding HCV Reinfection Rates in an Incarcerated Population After Cure With Interferon Free HCV Treatment
NCT00001854	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Long-Term Therapy With Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C
NCT00056862	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Low-Dose Peginterferon and Ribavirin to Treat Chronic Hepatitis C in Patients Infected With HCV Genotype 2 or 3
NCT00077636	PHASE4	COMPLETED	ACCELERATE Study - A Study of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD)) in Combination With COPEGUS (Ribavirin) in Interferon-Naive Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Infection.
NCT00077649	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD)) in Combination With COPEGUS (Ribavirin) in Interferon-Naive Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection (CHC).
NCT00087568	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD)) in Combination With Ribavirin in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Previously Treated With PEG-Intron + Ribavirin
NCT00087594	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD)) in Combination With Copegus (Ribavirin) in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Enrolled in a Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program.
NCT00087607	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Peak Study - A Study of Pegasys (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD)) in Combination With Copegus (Ribavirin) in Interferon-Naive Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC).
NCT00087633	PHASE4	COMPLETED	PHOENIX Study - A Study of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD)) and COPEGUS (Ribavirin) Administered After Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis C.
NCT00087646	PHASE4	COMPLETED	REPEAT Study - A Study of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD)) Therapy in Combination With COPEGUS (Ribavirin) in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Who Did Not Respond to Previous PegIntron (Peginterferon Alfa-2b (12KD))/Ribavirin Combination Therapy
NCT00107653	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Latino Study - A Study of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD)) and COPEGUS (Ribavirin) in Treatment-Naive Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C-Genotype 1.
NCT00143000	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Multicenter Study Evaluating 12 Versus 24 Weeks Therapy With Peginterferon and Ribavirin for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Genotype 2 or 3
NCT00148031	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Improving Hepatitis C Treatment in Injection Drug Users
NCT00167557	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Orthotopic Liver Transplant (OLT) Recipients With Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Under Preemptive Treatment
NCT00192647	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Induction Dosing With Peginterferon Alfa-2a and Ribavirin in Participants With Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Genotype 1 Infection
NCT00202839	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Peg-Intron/Ribavirin in G 1 HCV for Non-Extended Versus 24 Week Extended Treatment After 24 Weeks (Study P04144)(COMPLETED)
NCT00203606	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pegylated Interferon Plus Ribavirin in the Treatment of Active and Past Intravenous Drug Users Infected With Hepatitis C
NCT00207311	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study for the Treatment of Significant Steatosis With Xenical Followed by Treatment of Hepatitis C With Pegasys/Copegus
NCT00207363	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Does Induction PEG-Intron in Combination With Rebetol Enhance the Sustained Response Rates in Patients With CHC
NCT00241618	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Timing and Duration of Acute Hepatitis C Treatment
NCT00255008	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Peg-Intron and Rebetol Therapy in Treatment of Naive Hepatitis C Patients: A Comparison of Race and Genotype on Treatment Outcome (Study P04212)
NCT00255034	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Effects of 48 Weeks Versus 24 Weeks of Therapy With Peg-Intron/Ribavirin in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C, Genotype 3 (Study P04143)(TERMINATED)
NCT00274495	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Rosiglitazone Added to Standard Therapy for Hepatitis C Genotype 1 With Fatty Liver
NCT00275548	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Effectiveness Using Pegasys and Copegus in Recipients of Liver Transplantation With Hepatitis C
NCT00277862	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis Genotype 4
NCT00351403	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Individually Adapted Therapy Duration for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1 Infection
NCT00353418	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD)) Plus COPEGUS (Ribavirin) in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Genotype 1 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Co-infection
NCT00356486	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Viral Kinetics of Treatment With Peginterferon Alpha-2a, Ribavirin and Epoetin β in Patients Coinfected HCV/HIV
NCT00375661	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Low-dose Peg-interferon Plus Ribavirin (IFN/RBV) for Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Recurrence in Patients Who Had Surgery to Remove Primary HCC
NCT00383864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Virus Infection After Liver Transplantation.
NCT00394277	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Induction Dosing With PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a [40KD]) Plus Copegus in Treatment-Naive Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
NCT00412334	PHASE4	COMPLETED	SYREN Study: A Study of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD)) Plus Copegus (Ribavirin) in Non-Responder Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Genotype 1.
NCT00456248	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Infergen and Ribavirin Treatment of Patients With HCV Who Achieved Partial Response to Peginterferon-alfa and Ribavirin
NCT00475072	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD)) Plus Ribavirin in Hemophiliac Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C.
NCT00484328	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Ribavirin, Its Dosing Regime
NCT00491179	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Retreatment of Dialysis Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C With Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a Plus Low Dose Ribavirin
NCT00491244	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a Plus Low Dose Ribavirin for Treatment-Naïve Hemodialysis Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
NCT00493805	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Study of Response in Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Participants Genotype 1 With Insulin Resistance and Prolonged Treatment Duration in Late Responders (P04823/MK-4031-303)
NCT00500578	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intermittent Use of Aerosolized Ribavirin for Treatment of RSV
NCT00502099	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Pegasys Versus Peg-Intron for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 4
NCT00526448	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Phase IV Study to Evaluate the Efficacy/Safety to Extend Treatment and High Dose of Ribavirin in co-Infected Patients
NCT00540345	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Four Arms, Multicenter Study of Tailored Regimens With Peginterferon Plus Ribavirin for Genotype 2 Chronic Hepatitis C
NCT00545233	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD)) Plus COPEGUS (Ribavirin) With or Without Pioglitazone in Treatment-Naive Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C and Insulin Resistance.
NCT00553930	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Low Dose Peginterferon-α 2a for Chronic Hepatitis C, Genotypes 2 or 3, in HIV-coinfected Patients
NCT00560274	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of NeoRecormon (Epoetin Beta) in Anemic Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C.
NCT00560690	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Adding Metformin to the Treatment of Hepatitis C
NCT00575224	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pegasys and Copegus for Asian Patients With Treatment-naive Hepatitis C Genotypes 6, 7, 8, 9
NCT00611819	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Two Different Treatments 24 vs 48 Weeks Chronic Hepatitis C Genotypes 2 and/or 3 in co-Infected HIV-HCV
NCT00612755	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety to Extend Treatment 24 Weeks in co-Infected HIV-HCV Genotype 1 and/or 4
NCT00629967	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Randomized Trial of 24-Week Versus 48-Week Courses of Peginterferon Plus Ribavirin for HCV Genotype-1 Patients
NCT00641654	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Combination Therapy With Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 2 or 3 Infection Who Previously Have Relapsed After Therapy With Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin
NCT00686777	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pegylated Interferon (PEG-IFN) Alfa-2b and Low Dose Ribavirin for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Patients With Genotype 1 High Viral Load and Low Body Weight (Study P05172)(COMPLETED)
NCT00800748	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Combination Treatment With Peginterferon Alfa-2a (Pegasys) Plus Ribavirin (Copegus) in Participants With Chronic Hepatitis C
NCT00803309	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Study to Assess the Efficacy of 12 Versus 24 Weeks of Extended Treatment in HCV-Genotype 2/3 Patients
NCT00830609	PHASE4	COMPLETED	High Dose Versus Standard Dose of Ribavirin in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C, Genotype 3
NCT00834860	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Peginterferon Plus Ribavirin for Hepatitis C Patients Concomitant With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
NCT00845676	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Acute Hepatitis C Virus in HIV Co-Infection
NCT00887081	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Interferon and Ribavirin Treatment in Patients With Hemoglobinopathies
NCT00910975	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Individualized Duration of Peg-interferon/Ribavirin Treatment of Hepatitis C
NCT00922779	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Ribavirin in Combination With PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD))in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
NCT00940420	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Combination Treatment With Pegasys (Peginterferon Alfa) and Copegus (Ribavirin)in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
NCT00948220	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Influence of Antiviral Therapy on Bone Mineral Density and Metabolism in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
NCT00957866	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prospective Anti-Hepatitis C Virus (Anti-HCV) Trial of Peg-Interferon and Ribavirin in Subjects of First Nations, Metis and Caucasian Ethnicity
NCT00993122	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Ribavirin Pre-treatment Followed by Combined Standard Therapy in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Recipients
NCT01033448	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Extended Therapy of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a) in Combination With COPEGUS (Ribavirin) in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C and Slow Response
NCT01045278	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hepatitis C in a Cohort of Patients With Maintenance Therapy for Opiate Dependence - Prevalence, Severity and Outcome of Antiviral Therapy
NCT01056172	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	PegIFN Alfa-2a and RBV for 16 or 24 Weeks in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C(CHC) 2 With Rapid Virologic Response(RVR)
NCT01097395	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Concentration-Controlled Ribavirin for the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
NCT01120795	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Patients on Opioid Pharmacotherapy
NCT01258101	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of PEGASYS (Peginterferon Alfa-2a) Plus Ribavirin in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC), Genotype 2 or 3
NCT01336010	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Recently Acquired Hepatitis C Virus Infection
NCT01364090	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Collaborative Trial in Injectors of Individualized Treatment for Genotype 2/3
NCT01415141	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Peginterferon and Ribavirin, With or Without Telaprevir, for Genotype 1 Hepatitis C and IL28B CC Polymorphism
NCT01429792	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study Evaluating Slow Response/Non-Rapid Response in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C, Genotype 1, 2, 3 & 4 Treated With Pegasys (Peginterferon Alfa-2a) and Copegus (Ribavirin)
NCT01443923	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Boceprevir Drug Combination for Hepatitis C Treatment in People With and Without HIV
NCT01447420	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Sustained Virological Response in Relation to IL28-b Expression in Treatment-Naïve Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1 on Combination Treatment With Pegasys (Peginterferon Alfa-2a) and Copegus (Ribavirin)
NCT01467492	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Telaprevir, Peg-IFN-alfa-2a, and RBV in Treatment-Experienced Black/African American and Non-Black/African American Subjects With Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C
NCT01585324	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of The Relationship Between Drop in Hemoglobin and Sustained Virological Response in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Treated With Copegus (Ribavirin) and Pegasys (Peginterferon Alfa-2a)
NCT01591460	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Triple Combination Therapy Study of Boceprevir, Pegasys and Copegus in Previously Untreated Patients With Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C
NCT01592006	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Pegylated Interferon, Ribavirin, Telaprevir in Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Orthotopic Liver Transplant Recipients
NCT01606800	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Efficacy and Safety of Short Course Therapy With Peginterferon Alpha-2b (PEG-IFN Alfa-2b) and Ribavirin (RBV) for Chronic Hepatitis C (Genotype 4) Participants Achieving a Rapid Virological Response at Week 4 of Treatment (MK-8908B-059)
NCT01731301	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	A Pilot Study to Treat Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Genotype 1 and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
NCT01770483	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Role Of Nitazoxanide, Interferon Alfa And Ribavirin In Treatment Of Hepatitis C Infected Type 2 Diabetic Patients
NCT01838772	PHASE4	COMPLETED	HCV Treatment in HIV Co-Infected Patients in Asia
NCT01841775	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Interferon α 2b Pharmacovigilance Study
NCT01925183	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Individualized Triple-therapy Using Boceprevir in HIV-positive Patients With Hepatitis C
NCT01937728	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Tailored Regimens of PEGASYS® and Ribavirin for Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Trial (TARGET-1)
NCT02087111	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Telaprevir in Genotype 3 HCV
NCT02156570	PHASE4	COMPLETED	DAA-based Therapy for Recently Acquired Hepatitis C II (DAA = Directly Acting Antiviral)
NCT02168361	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The SIM-SOF Trial for Hepatitis C
NCT02214420	PHASE4	COMPLETED	SMV + SOF With/Without RBV for IFN-II Patients With CHC
NCT02304159	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Daclatasvir/Sofosbuvir/Ribavirin for 16 Versus 24 Weeks for HCV Genotype 3 Cirrhotics
NCT02328651	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Xiaoer Jiebiao Oral Liquid on Hand-foot-mouth Disease
NCT02377856	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Peginterferon Plus Ribavirin Combination Therapy for Hepatitis C Six Months After Onset of Acute Infection
NCT02558114	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Ribavirin for Severe Acute and Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection.
NCT02601976	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Unipeg® for Response and Ongoing Safety in Pakistani Population
NCT02641379	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Peginterferon Alfa-2a (Pegasys) When Administered in Combination With Ribavirin in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC)
NCT02717949	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Oral Hepatitis C Treatment for Indolent Lymphoma (OPTImaL) Study
NCT02761629	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Peg-Interferon Alpha-2a Plus Ribavirin in Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C Participants Co-Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
NCT02781649	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Exploring Renal Transplants Using Hepatitis C Infected Donors for HCV-negative Recipients

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

PharmGKB dosing guidelines (2) — CPIC / DPWG genotype-guided dosing for this drug (drug × pharmacogene):

Guideline	Source	Gene(s)	Dosing	Recommendation
Annotation of DPWG Guideline for ribavirin and HLA-B	DPWG	HLA-B
Annotation of CPIC Guideline for peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon	CPIC	IFNL3		yes

PharmGKB also curates 46 clinical and 346 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

23 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 23 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
MYCOPHENOLIC ACID	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
MERIMEPODIB	ChEMBL	Phase 2	IMPDH1, IMPDH2
Adenosine	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH1
Afatinib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Binimetinib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Cobimetinib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Crizotinib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
dacomitinib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Erlotinib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Fedratinib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Fostamatinib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Gefitinib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Idelalisib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Lapatinib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Nadide	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH1
Pazopanib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
regorafenib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Selumetinib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Sorafenib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Thioguanine	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH1
Tirbanibulin	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Trametinib	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH2
Vorinostat	PubChem	Approved	IMPDH1