Salicylic Acid
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Also known as AcnisalBazukaCompound vCompound wCuplex verrucaDr. scholl's callus removersDuofilmEdinburghErytexFEMA NO. 3985FreezoneGppe paintJaditK-557KeralytLamivudine impuritysalicylic acid-MetaniumNecolNoxacorn
Summary
Salicylic Acid (CHEMBL424) is an approved small-molecule plant hormone (ATC S01BC08) targeting ASIC3; indicated across 26 conditions including eye disorder and psoriasis.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: S01BC08 (+1 more)
- Targets: 1 (ASIC3)
- Indications: 26 conditions
- Clinical trials: 60
- Chemistry: 138.12 Da · C7H6O3
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL424 |
| Name | Salicylic Acid |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 338 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16914 |
| ATC | S01BC08, D01AE12 |
| Molecular formula | C7H6O3 |
| Molecular weight | 138.12 |
| InChIKey | YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
SMILES: C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)O
IUPAC name: 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
ChEBI definition: A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antiinfective agent, antifungal agent, keratolytic drug, EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): plant hormone, plant metabolite, algal metabolite.
Also known as: Acnisal, Bazuka, Compound v, Compound w, Cuplex verruca, Dr. scholl’s callus removers, Duofilm, Edinburgh, Erytex, FEMA NO. 3985, Freezone, Gppe paint
Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL3137698
Patent coverage: 237,835 distinct patent families (669,423 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 3 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 669,238 (100%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).
| Gene | Target | Action | pAffinity | Cancer dependency | UniProt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASIC3 | ASIC3 | 3.6 | 0% | Q9UHC3 |
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 18 (assay-derived). Sample: Lysine-specific demethylase 4E, Survival motor neuron protein, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], Carbonic anhydrase 2, Carbonic anhydrase 13, High mobility group protein B1, Carbonic anhydrase 7, Carbonic anhydrase 1, Carbonic anhydrase 6, Carbonic anhydrase 12.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 12 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 28 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAPRT | 9.8 | Ki | 0.16 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_19323250 |
| HMGB1 | 6 | Kd | 1000 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_18283319 |
| HMGB1 | 6 | Kd | 1000 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_18283321 |
| HMGB1 | 6 | Kd | 1000 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_29087332 |
| CA2 | 5.15 | Ki | 7100 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_15774629 |
| CA2 | 5.15 | Ki | 7120 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_2172313 |
| CA2 | 5.15 | Ki | 7100 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_2573072 |
| Q99N23 | 5.14 | Ki | 7200 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_2172324 |
| CA12 | 5.06 | Ki | 8800 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_2573000 |
| CA1 | 5 | Ki | 9900 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_15774640 |
| CA1 | 5 | Ki | 9920 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_2172303 |
| CA1 | 5 | Ki | 9900 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_2573081 |
Target pathways
Aggregated over 1 target gene(s): ASIC3.
Top Reactome pathways
3 total, by targets touching each:
| Pathway | Targets | Genes |
|---|---|---|
| Stimuli-sensing channels | 1 | ASIC3 |
| Transport of small molecules | 1 | ASIC3 |
| Ion channel transport | 1 | ASIC3 |
Dominant GO biological processes
| GO term | Targets |
|---|---|
| response to heat | 1 |
| response to acidic pH | 1 |
| sodium ion transmembrane transport | 1 |
| sensory perception of sour taste | 1 |
| detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain | 1 |
| detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain | 1 |
| detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain | 1 |
| establishment of localization in cell | 1 |
| membrane depolarization | 1 |
| monoatomic ion transport | 1 |
| monoatomic cation transport | 1 |
| sodium ion transport | 1 |
| response to mechanical stimulus | 1 |
| monoatomic ion transmembrane transport | 1 |
| enterobactin transport | 1 |
Indications & clinical
Indications
26 indications (12 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye disorder | 4 | MONDO:0005328 | EFO:0005752 |
| psoriasis | 4 | MONDO:0005083 | EFO:0000676 |
| acne | 4 | MONDO:0011438 | EFO:0003894 |
| keratosis | 4 | MONDO:0006566 | EFO:1000720 |
| skin disorder | 4 | MONDO:0005093 | EFO:0000701 |
| sunburn | 4 | MONDO:0005326 | EFO:0003958 |
| common wart | 4 | MONDO:0001209 | EFO:0009662 |
| seborrheic dermatitis | 4 | MONDO:0006608 | EFO:1000764 |
| skin neoplasm | 4 | MONDO:0002531 | MONDO:0002898 |
| cardiovascular disorder | 3 | MONDO:0004995 | EFO:0000319 |
| actinic keratosis | 3 | MONDO:0005173 | EFO:0002496 |
| acute coronary syndrome | 3 | MONDO:0005542 | EFO:0005672 |
| stroke disorder | 3 | MONDO:0005098 | EFO:0000712 |
| thrombophilia | 3 | MONDO:0002305 | EFO:0009315 |
| thrombotic disease | 3 | MONDO:0000831 | MONDO:0000831 |
| pharyngitis | 3 | MONDO:0002258 | MONDO:0002258 |
| heavy metal poisoning | 2 | MONDO:0023305 | EFO:1001518 |
| infertility disorder | 2 | MONDO:0005047 | EFO:0000545 |
8 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 60.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 35 |
| PHASE4 | 9 |
| PHASE2 | 6 |
| PHASE3 | 3 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 2 |
| PHASE1 | 2 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 2 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07082972 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | EMG-Based Evaluation of Occlusal Splint and Masseter Botox Effects on Head and Neck Muscles |
| NCT07401745 | PHASE4 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Occlusal Splint Combined With Granisetron Injection for Management of Myofascial Pain Related to Temporomandibular Disorders |
| NCT01059110 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Comparison of Five Treatments in Patients With Plantar Warts |
| NCT01139749 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Efficacy and Safety of Low-dose Oral Isotretinoin for Seborrhea |
| NCT03456154 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Botox vs Occlusal Splint for Masseter Pain |
| NCT03832647 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Anti-acne Efficacy of a Dermo-cosmetic Product Associated With the Fixed Combination Adapalene 0.1%/ Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5% Treatment Versus This Treatment Associated With a Standard Moisturizer in Male and Female Subjects Presenting With Mild to Moderate Acne |
| NCT04490967 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Silymarin Cream Versus Salicylic Acid in Treatment of Acne Vulgaris |
| NCT05536193 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Topical Metformin Emulgel VS Salicylic Acid Peeling in Treatment of Acne Vulgaris |
| NCT07586072 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Non-Randomized Trial of Bruxism-Related TMD Treatments |
| NCT01229085 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy Study of the Combination Mometasone + Salicylic Acid in Patients With Psoriasis |
| NCT02151630 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Pyruvic Acid Versus Salicylic Acid Preparation in Treatment of Plantar Warts |
| NCT02251015 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Effects of the Use of Occlusal Splint on the Postural Balance of Individuals With Temporomandibular Disorder |
| NCT02289768 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study To Evaluate The Efficacy And Safety Of Actikerall® Solution In Patients With Grade I-II Actinic Keratoses |
| NCT00361322 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of a Preparation Containing an Antibiotic and Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Acne Vulgaris |
| NCT00899717 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Occlusal Adjustment as Treatment for Chronic Orofacial Pain |
| NCT01228656 | PHASE2 | SUSPENDED | Effectiveness of Association Mometasone Furoate 0.1% and Salicylic Acid 5% Compared With Mometasone Furoate |
| NCT01914627 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Parallel Group Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Loion® Compared to 10% Salicylic Acid in Patients With Chronic Psoriasis Capitis |
| NCT02352987 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Effect of Neem Extract, Propylene Glycol and Salicylic Acid Combination in the Treatment of Arsenical Palmar Keratosis |
| NCT03447925 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Treatment of Plantar Keratosis With Medicinal Plant in Diabetic Patients |
| NCT03710174 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Infrared LED Photobiomodulation in Children With Sleep Bruxism |
| NCT07329907 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Combination Therapy for Warts: Candida Antigen vs. Topical Keratolytic |
| NCT00154128 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | The Influence of a Stabilization Splint on the Body Posture |
| NCT01004692 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | The Effect of Occlusal Splints on Respiratory Variables in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Patients |
| NCT07396714 | EARLY_PHASE1 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | the Efficacy of Ivermectin Alone or With Microneedling in Treatment of Cutaneous Warts. |
| NCT02757261 | EARLY_PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Evaluation of Muscle Activity, Bite Force and Salivary Cortisol in Children With Bruxism |
| NCT06977009 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Influence of Occlusal Reduction on Endodontic Postoperative Pain |
| NCT07095101 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | ePROPP - eHealth for Preventing and Reducing Orofacial Pain in the Population |
| NCT07129096 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Digitally Trained Applied Relaxation for Treatment of Temporomandibular Pain |
| NCT07507734 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Occlusal Splint and Exercise Therapy for Temporomandibular Disorders |
| NCT00904631 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | A Prospective, Open Label, Non Randomized, Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of the Eraser Tattoo Removal Device |
| NCT01327157 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Study of a New Technique to Improve the Symptoms of Orofacial Discomfort in Patients With Peripheral Facial Paralysis |
| NCT01420536 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Canine Guidance vs Bilateral Balanced Occlusion in Complete Denture |
| NCT01446237 | Not specified | COMPLETED | U0289-405: An Open-Label, 12-Week Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of the Acne System (Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5%, Salicylic Acid 0.5%) in Subjects With Acne |
| NCT01731756 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effects of Leaf Extract of Azadirachta Indica in Palmer Arsenical Keratosis |
| NCT01874041 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of Massage Therapy and Occlusal Splint Therapy on the Electromyographic Activity and Mandibular Range of Motion in Individuals With Temporomandibular Disorder |
| NCT02144233 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Restoring Masticatory Function to Treat Chronic Pain |
| NCT02437565 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Checking Occlusion During Stainless Steel Crown Placement |
| NCT02856906 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | An Follow-up Study of Occlusal Adjustment for Orofacial Pain |
| NCT03096301 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Photobiomodulation in Temporomandibular Disorder |
| NCT03117062 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Occlusal Reduction and Postoperative Pain |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.
Related molecules
Related molecules
Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.
2 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 2 by shared-target count:
| Molecule | Source | Status | Shared targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMILORIDE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | ASIC3 |
| Aspirin | PubChem | Approved | ASIC3 |