Succinic Acid

Summary

Succinic Acid (CHEMBL576) is a phase-3 clinical-stage small-molecule radiation protective agent targeting SUCNR1; indicated across 2 conditions including diabetic neuropathy and stroke disorder.

At a glance

• Status: Max clinical phase 3 (not approved)
• Modality: Small molecule
• Targets: 1 (SUCNR1)
• Indications: 2 conditions
• Clinical trials: 2
• Chemistry: 118.09 Da · C4H6O4

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL576
Name	Succinic Acid
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	3
FDA approved	no
PubChem CID	1110
ChEBI	CHEBI:15741
Molecular formula	C4H6O4
Molecular weight	118.09
InChIKey	KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: C(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O

IUPAC name: butanedioic acid

ChEBI definition: An α,ω-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): nutraceutical, radiation protective agent, anti-ulcer drug, micronutrient.

Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): fundamental metabolite.

Also known as: Amber acid, Dihydrofumaric acid, E363, FEMA NO. 4719, NSC-106449, Succinic acid, Succinicum acidum, succinate, succinic acid, Succinate, SID29215296, SID144205165

Patent coverage: 381,487 distinct patent families (1,121,639 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 3 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 1,120,670 (100%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
SUCNR1	succinate receptor	Full agonist	4.7	0.3%	Q9BXA5

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 5 (assay-derived). Sample: Prelamin-A/C, Succinate receptor 1, RNA demethylase ALKBH5, Succinate receptor 1, Egl nine homolog 1.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 6 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 11 total. Top 100 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
LMNA	6.5	Potency	316.2	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_3668013
Q99MT6	5.69	EC50	2042	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25509460
EGLN1	5.52	IC50	3000	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2396999
Q99MT6	5.29	EC50	5129	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25509485
SUCNR1	5.04	EC50	9120	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25509354
Q99MT6	5.02	EC50	9550	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25509399

Target pathways

Aggregated over 1 target gene(s): SUCNR1.

Top Reactome pathways

6 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Signal Transduction	1	SUCNR1
Signaling by GPCR	1	SUCNR1
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)	1	SUCNR1
GPCR downstream signalling	1	SUCNR1
G alpha (i) signalling events	1	SUCNR1
GPCR ligand binding	1	SUCNR1

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
renin secretion into blood stream	1
macrophage activation involved in immune response	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
glucose homeostasis	1
positive regulation of inflammatory response	1
positive regulation of chemotaxis	1
response to calcium ion	1
regulation of angiotensin metabolic process	1
energy homeostasis	1
signal transduction	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

2 diseases in clinical trials (phase 1–3, investigational — not approved indications). Highest ChEMBL trial phase per disease; a non-cancer approved use is occasionally logged at phase 3 here.

Disease (in trials)	Phase	MONDO	EFO
diabetic neuropathy	3	MONDO:0006626	EFO:1000783
stroke disorder	3	MONDO:0005098	EFO:0000712

Clinical trials

Total trials: 2.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE1	1
Not specified	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03231501	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	HMPL-813 in Treating Patients With Glioblastoma
NCT03043690	Not specified	COMPLETED	A Pooled Analysis of the Data From Two Studies of Ammonium Succinate for Menopausal Symptoms

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.

Related molecules

Related molecules

No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).