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Sulindac

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Also known as ArthrocineArtribidClinorilMK-231NSC-757344SulindacoSID11111823SID11111824SID11114189SID26732639SID50106970SID85231236SID90341400SID124881496SID144203821SID144211735SID174007228SID170464648SulindacÊ

Summary

Sulindac (CHEMBL15770) is an approved small-molecule non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ATC M01AB02) targeting PTGS1, PTGS2, and RXRA; indicated across 14 conditions including rheumatic disorder and rheumatoid arthritis; with CIViC clinical evidence for 2 variant-indication associations (e.g. PIK3CA Amplification in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma).

At a glance

  • Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
  • Modality: Small molecule
  • ATC class: M01AB02
  • Targets: 3 (PTGS1, PTGS2, RXRA)
  • Indications: 14 conditions
  • Clinical trials: 25
  • Precision-oncology evidence (CIViC): 2 variant–indication associations
  • Chemistry: 356.4 Da · C20H17FO3S

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

FieldValue
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL15770
NameSulindac
TypeSmall molecule
Max phase4
FDA approvedyes
PubChem CID1548887
ChEBICHEBI:9352
ATCM01AB02
Molecular formulaC20H17FO3S
Molecular weight356.4
InChIKeyMLKXDPUZXIRXEP-MFOYZWKCSA-N

SMILES: CC\1=C(C2=C(/C1=C\C3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)C)C=CC(=C2)F)CC(=O)O

IUPAC name: 2-[(3Z)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-3-[(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)methylidene]inden-1-yl]acetic acid

ChEBI definition: A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor, antineoplastic agent, non-narcotic analgesic, antipyretic, analgesic, prodrug, tocolytic agent, apoptosis inducer.

Also known as: Arthrocine, Artribid, Clinoril, MK-231, NSC-757344, Sulindac, Sulindaco, sulindac, SID11111823, SID11111824, SID11114189, SID26732639

Patent coverage: 19,774 distinct patent families (80,712 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 80,651 (100%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

GeneTargetActionpAffinityCancer dependencyUniProt
PTGS1COX-1Inhibition5.920%P23219
PTGS2COX-2Inhibition5.470%P35354
RXRARetinoid X receptor-αAntagonist4.15.1%P19793

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 27 (assay-derived). Sample: Microtubule-associated protein tau, Lysine-specific demethylase 4E, Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma, Prelamin-A/C, 4’-phosphopantetheinyl transferase ffp, Peripheral myelin protein 22, Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1, Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha, Bile salt export pump, Menin/Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 14 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 41 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

TargetpChemblTypeValueUnitActivity ID
LMNA8.25Potency5.6nMCHEMBL_ACT_3653031
MAPK17.4Potency39.8nMCHEMBL_ACT_4542253
CYP2C196.7Potency199.5nMCHEMBL_ACT_4014620
CYP2C196.7AC50199.5nMCHEMBL_ACT_6030633
AKR1B16.68IC50210nMCHEMBL_ACT_29120248
AKR1B106.46IC50350nMCHEMBL_ACT_29120254
AKR1B16.43IC50374nMCHEMBL_ACT_12595749
GLRA16.42EC50380nMCHEMBL_ACT_15241387
P079436.36IC50435nMCHEMBL_ACT_7797330
C56.24Kd570nMCHEMBL_ACT_19243011
CYP3A46.2Potency631nMCHEMBL_ACT_4949461
CYP3A46.2Potency631nMCHEMBL_ACT_5078854
CYP1A25.4AC503981nMCHEMBL_ACT_6046968
PTGS25.06IC508800nMCHEMBL_ACT_16410617

Target pathways

Aggregated over 3 target gene(s): PTGS1, PTGS2, RXRA.

Top Reactome pathways

75 total, by targets touching each:

PathwayTargetsGenes
Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)2PTGS1, PTGS2
Developmental Biology1RXRA
R-HSA-13680821RXRA
BMAL1:CLOCK,NPAS2 activates circadian expression1RXRA
COX reactions1PTGS1
Metabolism1RXRA
Mitochondrial biogenesis1RXRA
Recycling of bile acids and salts1RXRA
Signal Transduction1RXRA
Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by SREBP (SREBF)1RXRA
Organelle biogenesis and maintenance1RXRA
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts1RXRA
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol1RXRA
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol1RXRA
Bile acid and bile salt metabolism1RXRA
PPARA activates gene expression1RXRA
Carnitine shuttle1RXRA
Biological oxidations1RXRA
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type1RXRA
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds1RXRA
Endogenous sterols1RXRA
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression1RXRA
Generic Transcription Pathway1RXRA
Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives1PTGS2
Transcriptional activation of mitochondrial biogenesis1RXRA
Cellular responses to stress1RXRA
Activation of gene expression by SREBF (SREBP)1RXRA
SUMOylation1RXRA
SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteins1RXRA
Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation1RXRA

Dominant GO biological processes

GO termTargets
prostaglandin biosynthetic process2
response to oxidative stress2
regulation of blood pressure2
cyclooxygenase pathway2
regulation of cell population proliferation2
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process2
lipid metabolic process2
fatty acid metabolic process2
fatty acid biosynthetic process2
prostaglandin metabolic process2
prostanoid biosynthetic process2
cellular oxidant detoxification2
embryo implantation1
response to nematode1
response to selenium ion1

Indications & clinical

Indications

14 indications (4 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

IndicationTrial phaseMONDOEFO
rheumatic disorder4MONDO:0005554EFO:0005755
rheumatoid arthritis4MONDO:0008383EFO:0000685
spondylitis4MONDO:0003937MONDO:0003937
osteoarthritis4MONDO:0005178MONDO:0005178
colorectal neoplasm3MONDO:0005335EFO:0004142
precancerous condition3MONDO:0021074MONDO:0021074
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma2MONDO:0010150EFO:0000181
acute myeloid leukemia2MONDO:0018874EFO:0000222
cutaneous melanoma2MONDO:0005012EFO:0000389
breast neoplasm2MONDO:0021100MONDO:0007254
desmoid tumor2MONDO:0007608EFO:0009907
fragile X syndrome2MONDO:0010383MONDO:0010383

2 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 25.

Phase distribution

PhaseTrials
PHASE217
Not specified4
PHASE33
PHASE11

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT01349881PHASE3ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGS0820, Adenoma and Second Primary Prevention Trial
NCT00118365PHASE3COMPLETEDEflornithine and Sulindac in Preventing Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Colon Polyps
NCT01483144PHASE3COMPLETEDTrial of Eflornithine Plus Sulindac in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
NCT04207944PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGThe Prevention of Progression to Pancreatic Cancer Trial (The 3P-C Trial)
NCT00039520PHASE2COMPLETEDSulindac and Docetaxel in Treating Women With Metastatic or Recurrent Breast Cancer
NCT00062023PHASE2TERMINATEDComparison of Sulindac, Aspirin, and Ursodiol in Preventing Colorectal Cancer
NCT00068419PHASE2COMPLETEDSulindac and Tamoxifen in Treating Patients With Desmoid Tumor
NCT00319007PHASE2UNKNOWNInfluence of Sulindac and Probiotics on the Development of Pouch Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
NCT00335504PHASE2COMPLETEDAtorvastatin Calcium, Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin, or Sulindac in Preventing Cancer in Patients at Increased Risk of Developing Colorectal Neoplasia
NCT00368927PHASE2COMPLETEDSulindac in Preventing Lung Cancer in Current or Former Smokers With Bronchial Dysplasia
NCT00392665PHASE2TERMINATEDBevacizumab/Tarceva and Tarceva/Sulindac in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
NCT00755976PHASE2COMPLETEDSulindac and Epirubicin in Treating Patients With Metastatic Malignant Melanoma
NCT00841204PHASE2COMPLETEDSulindac in Preventing Melanoma in Healthy Participants Who Are at Increased Risk of Melanoma
NCT01187901PHASE2COMPLETEDA Clinical Trial of COX and EGFR Inhibition in Familial Polyposis Patients
NCT01636128PHASE2WITHDRAWNUrinary Biomarker Study With Sulindac and Difluoromethylornithine
NCT01761877PHASE2COMPLETEDNSAID Effects on Clinical and Imaging Breast Biomarkers
NCT01843179PHASE2WITHDRAWNSulindac for Patients With AML
NCT01856322PHASE2TERMINATEDSurgery Plus Sulindac or Surgery Alone for Advanced Colorectal Cancer
NCT04542135PHASE2COMPLETEDSulindac and Breast Density in Women at Risk of Developing Breast Cancer
NCT04823052PHASE2WITHDRAWNInvestigation of Sulindac (HLX-0201) and Gaboxadol (HLX-0206) in Male Fragile X Syndrome Patients Aged 13-40
NCT00245024PHASE1COMPLETEDSulindac in Preventing Breast Cancer in Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer
NCT00003365Not specifiedTERMINATEDSulindac and Plant Compounds in Preventing Colon Cancer
NCT00176618Not specifiedTERMINATEDThe Effects of Curcuminoids on Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Human Colon
NCT00299195Not specifiedCOMPLETEDA Randomized Study of Sulindac in Oral Premalignant Lesions
NCT00343629Not specifiedCOMPLETEDSulindac Capsules Compared With Sulindac Tablets in Healthy Volunteers

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

Variant × indication × effect (2 predictive associations from 2 curated evidence items):

VariantIndicationEffectTherapyLevelCIViC
PIK3CA AmplificationHead And Neck Squamous Cell CarcinomaSensitivity/ResponseIbuprofen + Aspirin + SulindacCIViC BEID7186
PIK3CA MutationHead And Neck Squamous Cell CarcinomaSensitivity/ResponseAspirin + Sulindac + CelecoxibCIViC BEID7185

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

417 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:

MoleculeSourceStatusShared targets
MECLOFENAMIC ACIDChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2, RXRA
OXAPROZINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2, RXRA
EZETIMIBEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, RXRA
3,3’,4’,5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
ACEMETACINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
ALITRETINOINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, RXRA
ASPIRINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
BROMFENACChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
CALCITRIOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS2, RXRA
CAPSAICINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
CAPTOPRILChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
CARPROFENChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
CELECOXIBChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
CIANIDANOLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
DEXIBUPROFENChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
DEXKETOPROFENChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
DICLOFENACChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
DIETHYLSTILBESTROLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
DOXORUBICINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
ESFLURBIPROFENChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
ETODOLACChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
ETORICOXIBChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
FLURBIPROFENChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
FLUVASTATINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS2, RXRA
GLAFENINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
HEXACHLOROPHENEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
IBUPROFENChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
INDOMETHACINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
KETOPROFENChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
KETOROLACChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
LEVODOPAChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
LEVOTHYROXINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS2, RXRA
LOXOPROFENChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
LUMIRACOXIBChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
MEFENAMIC ACIDChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
MELOXICAMChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
MOFEZOLACChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
MONOBENZONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
NAPROXENChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
NIMESULIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
OMADACYCLINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
PIROXICAMChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
PRIMAQUINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
RANITIDINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
ROFECOXIBChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
SELINEXORChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
SUPROFENChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
TEGASERODChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
TELOTRISTATChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
TOLMETINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
TRETINOINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, RXRA
TROGLITAZONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
VALDECOXIBChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
VORTIOXETINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)PTGS1, PTGS2
CURCUMINChEMBLPhase 3PTGS1, PTGS2
ICOSAPENTChEMBLPhase 3PTGS1, RXRA
RESVERATROLChEMBLPhase 3PTGS1, PTGS2
CIMICOXIBChEMBLPhase 2PTGS1, PTGS2
DERACOXIBChEMBLPhase 2PTGS1, PTGS2
ENOFELASTChEMBLPhase 2PTGS1, PTGS2

About this page

Generated deterministically by Sugi Atlas from primary biomedical databases via BioBTree. Every record on this page traces to a primary source.

Generated
Atlas version
v1.1.2
BioBTree
v2.0.2

Sources 30

This page pulls from 30 datasets indexed by BioBTree:

chebichembl_activitychembl_moleculechembl_targetcivic_evidenceclingen_dosageclinical_trialsdepmapefoensemblentrezgogoparentgtopdbgtopdb_interactiongtopdb_ligandhgncmeshmondomsigdbpatent_compoundpharmgkbpharmgkb_guidelinepubchempubchem_activityreactomereactomeparentrefseqtranscriptuniprot