Taurine
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Also known as Aminoethylsulfonic acidFEMA NO. 3813NSC-32428O-dueTaurateTaurinaSID11111855SID11113407SID26751645SID50104337SID90340929SID104171246SID124881546SID17389723SID90924SID46500351SID144209718SID144203828SID170465726
Summary
Taurine (CHEMBL239243) is an approved small-molecule glycine receptor agonist; indicated across 8 conditions including hypertensive disorder and mental disorder.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- Indications: 8 conditions
- Clinical trials: 40
- Chemistry: 125.15 Da · C2H7NO3S
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL239243 |
| Name | Taurine |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 3 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 1123 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:15891 |
| Molecular formula | C2H7NO3S |
| Molecular weight | 125.15 |
| InChIKey | XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
SMILES: C(CS(=O)(=O)O)N
IUPAC name: 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid
ChEBI definition: An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antioxidant, glycine receptor agonist, nutrient, radical scavenger.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): human metabolite, mouse metabolite, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, Escherichia coli metabolite.
Also known as: Aminoethylsulfonic acid, FEMA NO. 3813, NSC-32428, O-due, Taurate, Taurina, Taurine, taurine, SID11111855, SID11113407, SID26751645, SID50104337
Patent coverage: 46,852 distinct patent families (113,735 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).
| Gene | Target | Action | pAffinity | Cancer dependency | UniProt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycine Receptor (All subtypes) | Agonist | 3.84 |
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 5 (assay-derived). Sample: Prelamin-A/C, RecQ-like DNA helicase BLM, Cruzipain, Cytochrome P450 2C19, Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 3 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 6 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BLM | 7.9 | Potency | 12.6 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4749930 |
| BLM | 7.9 | Potency | 12.6 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4933932 |
| SLC6A6 | 5 | EC50 | 10000 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_24930883 |
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
8 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| hypertensive disorder | 3 | MONDO:0005044 | EFO:0000537 |
| mental disorder | 2 | MONDO:0005084 | EFO:0000677 |
| type 2 diabetes mellitus | 2 | MONDO:0005148 | MONDO:0005148 |
| bipolar disorder | 2 | MONDO:0004985 | MONDO:0004985 |
| gastric neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0021085 | MONDO:0001056 |
| homocystinuria | 1 | MONDO:0004737 | MONDO:0004737 |
| multiple sclerosis | 1 | MONDO:0005301 | MONDO:0005301 |
1 further indication record had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 40.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 23 |
| PHASE2 | 5 |
| PHASE4 | 3 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 3 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 3 |
| PHASE1 | 2 |
| PHASE3 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07212803 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Effects of Energy Drinks on Cardiovascular Endpoints |
| NCT02418130 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of ‘Ursa Complex Soft Cap. (UDCA-004)’ in Patients With Physical Fatigue. |
| NCT02535143 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Impact of Energy Drinks on the Manual Dexterity of Final Year Dental Students |
| NCT06721949 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Taurine Supplementation in Long COVID |
| NCT00420823 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Study of Taurine in Patients With First-episode Psychosis Receiving Antipsychotic Treatment |
| NCT01816698 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Effects and Safety of Taurine Granule on Blood Pressure in Prehypertensive |
| NCT03907267 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Taurine in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy |
| NCT06639711 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Taurine Eye Drops May Prevent the Progression of Cataract |
| NCT07029178 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Taurine’s Therapeutic Effect on Acute Radiation-induced Oral Mucositis and Dermatitis |
| NCT07263607 | PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | A Multicenter Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Taurine as an Adjunctive Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis |
| NCT07567742 | PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Taurine for the Prevention and Treatment of Radiation-induced Oral Mucositis in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
| NCT00217165 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Taurine as an Anti-Manic Agent: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study |
| NCT01192828 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Oxidative Stress Markers In Inherited Homocystinuria And The Impact Of Taurine |
| NCT01226537 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Effect of Taurine on Glycemic Control in Type I and Type II Diabetic Patients |
| NCT06123455 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Clinical Study of Taurine Combined With Sintilimab and Chemotherapy for Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer |
| NCT00391001 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | Taurine in Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder |
| NCT01381354 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Nutrition, Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS) |
| NCT06128252 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Clinical Study of Taurine Combined With Neoadjuvant Chemo-Immunotherapy for Treatment of Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer |
| NCT07144033 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Butyrate and Taurine for Chronic Postsurgical Pain in Adult Cardiac Surgical Patients |
| NCT07312409 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Does Taurine Supplementation Improve Vascular Function and Orthostatic Responses in Long COVID? |
| NCT07604519 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Multi-Ingredient Supplementation in Professional Football Players |
| NCT00497978 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Effect of Taurine on Morbidity and Mortality in the Elderly Hip Fracture Patient |
| NCT01421979 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Clinical Trial on the Effects of Caffeine and Taurine From Energy Drinks (EDs) to Parameters of the Cardiovascular System in Humans |
| NCT01599169 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Evaluation of the Efficacy and Tolerance of B-Back® on the Burnout Syndrome |
| NCT03410173 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Taurine Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Patients With Diabetes |
| NCT03410537 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Taurine Supplementation on Lower Extremity Vasculopathy in Patients With Diabetes |
| NCT04047043 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Serum Taurine as a Prognostic Marker for Graft Function in Adult Egyptian Patients Undergoing Living Donor Liver Transplant |
| NCT04192539 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Prospect of Using Serum Taurine Level as a Potential Biomarker for Early Detection of Colorectal Carcinoma and Its Correlation With Other Prognostic Markers |
| NCT04193761 | Not specified | COMPLETED | TAURINE and HCC PATIENTS |
| NCT04279600 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Taurine Supplementation and Training Effects on Energy Metabolism, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Obese Women |
| NCT04291352 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Thalassemic Iron Overload Cardiomyopathy is Ameliorated by Taurine Supplementation |
| NCT04772508 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of Amnion Membrane With and Without Taurine on GCF TNF α Level. |
| NCT05149716 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Taurine as a Possible Anti-aging Therapy? |
| NCT05415176 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Taurine Supplementation Associated or Not With Exercise: Effect on Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Elderly Women With Sarcopenic Obesity |
| NCT05437952 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Metabolic and Molecular Responses Under the Effect of Taurine Supplementation With and Without Multicomponent Training |
| NCT05733364 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of 4 Weeks Supplementation of a Combination of Vitamin Bs and Taurine on Mental Performance in Healthy Adults |
| NCT05980520 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Study on the Treatment of Taurine in Children With Autism |
| NCT06884566 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of Acute Supplementation (taurine) on Maximal Strength and Anaerobic Power |
| NCT07466654 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Low-Dose Caffeine and Taurine Effects on Performance |
| NCT07580248 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effects of Supplementation on Performance in Football Players |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).
Related Atlas pages
- Diseases: hypertensive disorder