Tetracaine

Summary

Tetracaine (CHEMBL698) is an approved small-molecule local anaesthetic (ATC C05AD02); indicated across 12 conditions including hemorrhoid and cataract.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: C05AD02 (+3 more)
• Indications: 12 conditions
• Clinical trials: 39
• Chemistry: 264.36 Da · C15H24N2O2

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL698
Name	Tetracaine
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	5411
ChEBI	CHEBI:9468
ATC	C05AD02, D04AB06, S01HA03, N01BA03
Molecular formula	C15H24N2O2
Molecular weight	264.36
InChIKey	GKCBAIGFKIBETG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: CCCCNC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OCCN(C)C

IUPAC name: 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 4-(butylamino)benzoate

ChEBI definition: A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): local anaesthetic.

Also known as: Ametop, Dicaine, Tetracaina, Tetracaine, Tetracaine component of pliaglis, Tetracaine component of synera, tetracaine, SID11111916, SID11111917, TETRACAINE, SID90340576, SID50111267

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1255654

Patent coverage: 11,573 distinct patent families (43,379 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 28 (assay-derived). Sample: Prelamin-A/C, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B, Histamine H2 receptor, Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A, Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha, Sodium channel alpha subunits; brain (Types I, II, III), Sodium channel alpha subunits; brain (Types I, II, III), Cannabinoid receptor 1, D(4) dopamine receptor, Acetylcholinesterase.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 39 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 53 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
CNR1	9.22	AC50	0.6	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25116734
SCN9A	7.25	IC50	56	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_16566331
SCN7A	7.25	IC50	56	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_24849896
SCN9A	6.96	IC50	110	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_12081645
SCN9A	6.7	IC50	200	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_18459032
SCN5A	6.7	IC50	200	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_18459168
SCN9A	6.5	IC50	320	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_16566330
MAOA	6.5	IC50	317	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7827480
SCN1A	6.4	IC50	400	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1267874
SCN2A	6.31	IC50	490	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_16567407
SCN9A	6.3	Ki	500	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_6318179
SCN5A	6.28	IC50	530	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_12080605
SCN8A	6.28	IC50	520	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_16567409
SCN9A	6.21	IC50	620	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_12081581
SCN5A	6.19	IC50	650	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_16566328
SCN5A	6.19	IC50	650	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_24850148
SIGMAR1	6.15	Ki	703	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7795507
SCN3A	6.13	IC50	740	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_16567408
MAOA	6.01	AC50	970	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25159278
HTR2A	6.01	Ki	976	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7827565
SCN2A	5.96	IC50	1100	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_12080343
MAOA	5.85	AC50	1410	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25160496
HTR2B	5.85	AC50	1418	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25164005
SIGMAR1	5.78	IC50	1673	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7795506
HTR2C	5.77	Ki	1712	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7795497
HTR2A	5.49	AC50	3238	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25173476
HTR2C	5.49	IC50	3268	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7795496
SCN1A	5.47	IC50	3400	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_379361
HTR2A	5.47	IC50	3415	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7827564
HRH2	5.39	AC50	4083	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25114348

Target pathways

No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).

Indications & clinical

Indications

12 indications (3 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
hemorrhoid	4	MONDO:0004872	EFO:0009552
cataract	3	MONDO:0005129	MONDO:0005129
injury	2	MONDO:0021178	EFO:0000546
carpal tunnel syndrome	2	MONDO:0007275	EFO:0004143
myofascial pain syndrome	2	MONDO:0006862	EFO:1001054
shoulder impingement syndrome	2	MONDO:0006968	EFO:1001178
disease of the tendon	2	MONDO:0100010	EFO:1001434
skin disorder	2	MONDO:0005093	EFO:0000701
osteoarthritis, knee	1	MONDO:0005416	EFO:0004616

3 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 39.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
Not specified	12
PHASE3	8
PHASE4	7
PHASE2	5
PHASE1	3
PHASE2/PHASE3	2
EARLY_PHASE1	2

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00484393	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Tetracaine Compared to Placebo for Reducing Pain With Palivizumab - A Pilot Study
NCT00716443	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Evaluate Efficacy, Safety & Subject Satisfaction of Pain Management With Pliaglis® Cream for Dermal Filler Injections
NCT01005459	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Tetracaine Combined Spinal Epidural (CSE) Versus Bupivacaine CSE
NCT01383200	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Tetracaine Versus Lidocaine Gel for Anesthetic Effect and Comfort in Patients Undergoing LASIK
NCT03368391	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	: Pulpal Blood Flow With the Use of Intra-nasal Anesthetic
NCT03502135	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Efficacy of Tetracaine/Oxymetazoline Nasal Spray for Endodontic Treatment
NCT04203225	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Two Application Techniques for LET Gel
NCT01660893	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Comparison of Intranasal Kovacaine Mist, Tetracaine Alone, and Placebo for Anesthetizing Maxillary Teeth
NCT01710787	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Comparison of Intranasal Kovacaine Mist, Tetracaine Alone, and Placebo for Anesthetizing Maxillary Teeth in Adults
NCT01745380	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Comparison of Intranasal Kovacaine Mist, and Placebo for Anesthetizing Maxillary Teeth in Adults
NCT01844830	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Comparison of Intranasal Kovacaine Mist, and Placebo for Anesthetizing Maxillary Teeth in Pediatric Patients
NCT02101359	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Intracameral Injection of T2380 in Cataract Surgery
NCT02483897	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Effect of Tetracaine on Pain Management and Corneal Healing in Patients With Acute Corneal Abrasion
NCT02771392	PHASE2/PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Treatment of Corneal Abrasions With Topical Tetracaine
NCT03022240	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Neurobiological and Cognitive Changes Following Exposure to Either Sevoflurane- or Propofol-based Anesthesia in Children
NCT04523961	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Comparative Study of Two Topical Anesthetics Prior to Fractional Nonablative Laser Treatment of the Face
NCT04685538	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Chloroprocaine 3% Gel Eye Drop as Topical Anestheticsin Phacoemulsification.
NCT00552695	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Lidocaine Patches Prior to Intravenous Insertion
NCT01304316	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Dose-Escalation Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of K305
NCT01744197	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Synera Venipuncture Pain
NCT01807624	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Kovacaine Nasal Spray (24 Hour Blood Collection)
NCT01952990	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Kovacaine Nasal Spray in Pediatric Subjects
NCT01864213	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Ametop Cream in Reducing Pain of Local Anesthetic Infiltration
NCT02457806	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Comparison of Anesthetic Efficacy of Bilateral and Unillateral Application of Kovacaine Mist in Healthy Volunteers
NCT04247230	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Study to Determine the Effect of a Newly Formulated Tetracaine Product PET500 on Penile Skin Sensation
NCT02955524	EARLY_PHASE1	WITHDRAWN	Topical Anesthesia and Intra-arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma
NCT04794842	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Comparing Topical Tetracaine Drops to Topical Focal Phenol for Local Anesthesia During Intratympanic Steroid Injection
NCT07294755	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	The Impact of Intrapleural Block on Postoperative Pain Caused by Drainage Tubes After Thoracoscopic Surgery
NCT00353002	Not specified	WITHDRAWN	A Comparison of Amethocaine Cream vs. Liposomal Lidocaine Cream for Venipuncture in Children.
NCT00769392	Not specified	COMPLETED	Pilot Study: A Randomized Trial Of Anesthetic Agents For Intravitreal Injection
NCT00827073	Not specified	COMPLETED	Comparison of Tetracaine 0.5% and Lidocaine 2% Jelly for Topical Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery
NCT01224847	Not specified	COMPLETED	Intravitreal Injection Anesthesia - Comparison of Different Topical Agents
NCT02502487	Not specified	COMPLETED	Dorsal Penile Nerve Block for Rigid Cystoscopy in Men
NCT02726620	Not specified	COMPLETED	Decision Support for Intraoperative Low Blood Pressure
NCT02750137	Not specified	COMPLETED	Ametop - Friend and Foe A Prospective Study of the Incidence of Adverse Reactions With Ametop
NCT02863679	Not specified	COMPLETED	Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Tetracaine Hydrochloride Gel
NCT03749915	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Ametop Compared to Ametop With Pain Ease Spray
NCT04187417	Not specified	COMPLETED	Short Term Topical Tetracaine is Safe and Highly Efficacious for the Treatment of Pain Caused by Corneal Abrasions
NCT04378283	Not specified	COMPLETED	Prospective Evaluation of Topical Anesthesia in Children

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.

Related molecules

Related molecules

No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).