Tropicamide

Summary

Tropicamide (CHEMBL1200604) is an approved small molecule (ATC S01FA06) targeting CHRM2, CHRM3, and CHRM4; indicated across 6 conditions including eye disorder and presbyopia.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: S01FA06 (+1 more)
• Targets: 4 (CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4…)
• Indications: 6 conditions
• Clinical trials: 18
• Chemistry: 284.35 Da · C17H20N2O2

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL1200604
Name	Tropicamide
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	5593
ATC	S01FA06, S01FA56
Molecular formula	C17H20N2O2
Molecular weight	284.35
InChIKey	BGDKAVGWHJFAGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: CCN(CC1=CC=NC=C1)C(=O)C(CO)C2=CC=CC=C2

IUPAC name: N-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)propanamide

Also known as: Bistropamide, Mydriacyl, Mydriafair, Nods, NSC-757372, Tropicacyl, Tropicamida, Tropicamide, Tropicamide component of mydcombi, Tropicamide component of paremyd, Tropicamidum, Visumidriatic

Patent coverage: 3,936 distinct patent families (14,498 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
CHRM2	M2 receptor	Antagonist	7.2	0%	P08172
CHRM3	M3 receptor	Antagonist	7	0%	P20309
CHRM4	M4 receptor	Antagonist	6.9	1.6%	P08173
CHRM5	M5 receptor	Antagonist	6.4	0%	P08912

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 11 (assay-derived). Sample: Microtubule-associated protein tau, RecQ-like DNA helicase BLM, Endonuclease 4, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5, Menin/Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, Cytochrome P450 2C9, Cytochrome P450 2C19.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 22 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 23 total. Top 100 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
BLM	8.46	Potency	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4749970
BLM	8.46	Potency	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4937820
CHRM4	8.46	Ki	3.48	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7793579
CHRM4	7.6	IC50	25	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7793578
CHRM3	7.52	Ki	30	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7793577
CHRM2	7.43	Ki	37	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7793575
CHRM5	7.19	Ki	64	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7793581
CHRM1	7.17	Ki	68	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7793573
CHRM5	7.05	IC50	89	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7793580
CHRM2	6.98	IC50	105	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7793574
CHRM3	6.85	IC50	142	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7793576
CHRM1	6.55	IC50	281	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7793572
CHRM3	6.43	AC50	370	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25137155
CHRM2	6.2	AC50	628	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25195382
P0A6C1	6.15	Potency	707.9	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4069566
CHRM2	6.14	AC50	730	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25214201
CYP2C19	6	IC50	1000	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7793500
CYP2C9	6	IC50	1000	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7793502
CHRM2	5.92	AC50	1200	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25196399
CHRM1	5.85	AC50	1400	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25135947
MAPT	5.45	Potency	3548	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4509084
MEN1	5	Potency	10000	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4550521

Target pathways

Aggregated over 4 target gene(s): CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5.

Top Reactome pathways

17 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Signal Transduction	4	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
Signaling by GPCR	4	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)	4	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
Amine ligand-binding receptors	4	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
GPCR downstream signalling	4	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors	4	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
GPCR ligand binding	4	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
G alpha (q) signalling events	2	CHRM3, CHRM5
G alpha (i) signalling events	2	CHRM2, CHRM4
Metabolism	1	CHRM3
Integration of energy metabolism	1	CHRM3
Membrane Trafficking	1	CHRM2
Acetylcholine regulates insulin secretion	1	CHRM3
Regulation of insulin secretion	1	CHRM3
Vesicle-mediated transport	1	CHRM2
Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis	1	CHRM2
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis	1	CHRM2

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	4
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	4
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	4
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	4
chemical synaptic transmission	4
signal transduction	4
regulation of smooth muscle contraction	2
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	2
nervous system development	2
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	2
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
regulation of heart contraction	1
response to virus	1
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

4 diseases in clinical trials (phase 1–3, investigational — not approved indications). Highest ChEMBL trial phase per disease; a non-cancer approved use is occasionally logged at phase 3 here.

Disease (in trials)	Phase	MONDO	EFO
eye disorder	3	MONDO:0005328	EFO:0003966
presbyopia	2	MONDO:0001330	MONDO:0001330
Parkinson disease	2	MONDO:0005180	MONDO:0005180
ocular hypertension	1	MONDO:0006875	EFO:1001069

2 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 18.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE4	9
PHASE3	3
Not specified	3
PHASE2	2
PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00541177	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study of Myopia Prevention in Children With Low Concentration of Atropine
NCT02177539	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	A New More Efficient Cycloplegia Scheme
NCT02373137	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Descemet Endothelial Thickness Comparison Trial
NCT03959176	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Brimonidine
NCT04623684	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Mydriatic Microdrops Compared With Standard Drops for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) Screening: a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
NCT05043077	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Mydriatic Microdrops for Retinopathy Of Prematurity Screening
NCT05238233	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Wearing-Off Period of Pharmacological Dilation and Anisocoria
NCT05442801	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Cycloplegic Refraction Among Children
NCT06077682	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Cycloplegic Refraction in Pediatric Patients With Esotropia
NCT03751098	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Phenylephrine 2.5%-Tropicamide 1% Microdose Ophthalmic Solution for Pupil Dilation
NCT03751631	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Phenylephrine 2.5%-Tropicamide 1% Microdose Ophthalmic Solution for Pupil Dilation
NCT04932213	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of Tropicamide 0.5% vs Tropicamide 1% on Intraocular Pressure of Diabetic Patients
NCT00761137	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy Study of NH004 Films for Relief of Sialorrhea Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
NCT01844648	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Tropicamide Thin Films to Reduce Hypersalivation in Parkinson’s Patients
NCT03139708	PHASE1	COMPLETED	The Effect of Brimonidine on Intraocular Pressure When Dilating Routine Patients
NCT02023086	Not specified	COMPLETED	Clinical Investigation on the Blood Oxygenation at the Optic Nerve Head in Fabry Patients
NCT02895074	Not specified	COMPLETED	Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness After Surgery for Age-related Cataracts
NCT04040790	Not specified	TERMINATED	Performance of Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) Scleral Contact Lenses With a Passive Artificial Iris

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

459 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 100 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
ACLIDINIUM BROMIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CLOZAPINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
GENTIAN VIOLET	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
MAVORIXAFOR	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
OLANZAPINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
ACETYLCHOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
AMIODARONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
AMITRIPTYLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
AMOXAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
ASTEMIZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
ATROPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
BENZTROPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
BETHANECHOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CARBACHOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CARBAMOYLCHOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CHLOROQUINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CHLORPROMAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CINNARIZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CLEMASTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CLIDINIUM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CLOMIPRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CYCLIZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CYPROHEPTADINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DARIFENACIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DESLORATADINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DICYCLOMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DIMENHYDRINATE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DIPHENHYDRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DIPHENIDOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DOXEPIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
EBASTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
HALOPERIDOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
HOMATROPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
IMIPRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
IPRATROPIUM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
KETOTIFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
LOXAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
MAPROTILINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
MEPAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
METHSCOPOLAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
METHSCOPOLAMINE BROMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
MIANSERIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
NORTRIPTYLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
ORPHENADRINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
OXYBUTYNIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PAROXETINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PERHEXILINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PILOCARPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PIRENZEPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PROCHLORPERAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PROMAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PROMETHAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
QUETIAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
QUINACRINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
RISPERIDONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
SCOPOLAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
SERTRALINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
SOLIFENACIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
SULOCTIDIL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TAMOXIFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TERCONAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
THIORIDAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TOLTERODINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TROSPIUM CHLORIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
XANOMELINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DIMETHINDENE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
ENCLOMIPHENE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
ABAPERIDONE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
APROFENE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
FLUNARIZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PF-03635659	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
SABCOMELINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TALSACLIDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
BETAMETHASONE PHOSPHORIC ACID	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
BIPERIDEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
CARIPRAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM4, CHRM5
CEVIMELINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
CLOTRIMAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
DYCLONINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM4, CHRM5
ECONAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
FLUOXETINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM5
FLUPHENAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
IPRINDOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM5
MICONAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
OXYMETAZOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM4, CHRM5
PENTAMIDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM2, CHRM4, CHRM5
SULCONAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
BLARCAMESINE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
CIGLITAZONE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
METHYLBENACTYZIUM BROMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
NIGULDIPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM5
OTENZEPAD	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
ZOTEPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
Glycopyrrolate	PubChem	Approved	CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5