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Atlas / Drug / Tryptophan

Tryptophan

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Also known as (-)-tryptophanGppe pdr sachL-tryptophanNSC-13119OptimaxOptimax wvPacitronTriptofanoTryptophan ((-),l,s)l-TryptophaneTrytophan-L-trpSID11111851SID26732620SID50107108SID90341602SID50107109SID144210677

Summary

Tryptophan (CHEMBL54976) is an approved small-molecule antidepressant (ATC N06AX02) targeting SLC36A1, GPR139, and CASR; indicated across 9 conditions including depressive disorder and obesity disorder.

At a glance

  • Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
  • Modality: Small molecule
  • ATC class: N06AX02
  • Targets: 3 (SLC36A1, GPR139, CASR)
  • Indications: 9 conditions
  • Clinical trials: 25
  • Chemistry: 204.22 Da · C11H12N2O2

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

FieldValue
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL54976
NameTryptophan
TypeSmall molecule
Max phase4
FDA approvedyes
PubChem CID6305
ChEBICHEBI:16828
ATCN06AX02
Molecular formulaC11H12N2O2
Molecular weight204.22
InChIKeyQIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N

SMILES: C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N

IUPAC name: (2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

ChEBI definition: The L-enantiomer of tryptophan.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antidepressant, nutraceutical, micronutrient.

Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): plant metabolite, human metabolite, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, Escherichia coli metabolite, mouse metabolite.

Also known as: (-)-tryptophan, Gppe pdr sach, L-tryptophan, NSC-13119, Optimax, Optimax wv, Pacitron, Triptofano, Tryptophan, Tryptophan ((-),l,s), l-, Tryptophane

Patent coverage: 185,200 distinct patent families (549,527 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 549,523 (100%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

GeneTargetActionpAffinityCancer dependencyUniProt
SLC36A1Proton-coupled Amino acid Transporter 1Inhibition2.30.2%Q7Z2H8
GPR139GPR139Agonist3.130.3%Q6DWJ6
CASRCaS receptorPositive4.40.1%P41180

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 11 (assay-derived). Sample: Microtubule-associated protein tau, Lysine-specific demethylase 4E, Prelamin-A/C, RecQ-like DNA helicase BLM, 4’-phosphopantetheinyl transferase ffp, Peripheral myelin protein 22, Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A, Thyrotropin receptor, Menin/Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL, Myeloperoxidase.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 2 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 13 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

TargetpChemblTypeValueUnitActivity ID
MPO5.65IC502250nMCHEMBL_ACT_18877008
MEN15.15Potency7080nMCHEMBL_ACT_4593627

Target pathways

Aggregated over 3 target gene(s): SLC36A1, GPR139, CASR.

Top Reactome pathways

12 total, by targets touching each:

PathwayTargetsGenes
Signal Transduction1CASR
Amino acid transport across the plasma membrane1SLC36A1
Signaling by GPCR1CASR
Transport of small molecules1SLC36A1
GPCR downstream signalling1CASR
G alpha (q) signalling events1CASR
G alpha (i) signalling events1CASR
Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)1CASR
R-HSA-4253931SLC36A1
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport1SLC36A1
Proton-coupled neutral amino acid transporters1SLC36A1
GPCR ligand binding1CASR

Dominant GO biological processes

GO termTargets
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway2
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway2
signal transduction2
monoatomic ion transport1
amino acid transport1
taurine transmembrane transport1
L-alanine transport1
glycine transport1
proline transport1
alanine transport1
proline transmembrane transport1
amino acid import across plasma membrane1
proton transmembrane transport1
neutral amino acid transport1
neuropeptide signaling pathway1

Indications & clinical

Indications

9 indications (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

IndicationTrial phaseMONDOEFO
depressive disorder4MONDO:0002050MONDO:0002009
obesity disorder2MONDO:0011122EFO:0001073
cocaine dependence2MONDO:0005186EFO:0002610
congenital heart disease2MONDO:0005453EFO:0005207
male breast carcinoma1MONDO:0005628EFO:0006861
neoplasm1MONDO:0005070EFO:0000616

3 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 25.

Phase distribution

PhaseTrials
Not specified17
PHASE22
EARLY_PHASE12
PHASE41
PHASE31
PHASE2/PHASE31
PHASE1/PHASE21

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT00202124PHASE4COMPLETEDDouble Blind Study of Trp01 in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease
NCT00865202PHASE3COMPLETEDA Placebo Controlled Trial Of L-Tryptophan In Post-Operative Delirium
NCT02067975PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDTryptophan MRI in People With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls
NCT00000324PHASE2COMPLETEDTryptophan and Behavior Therapy for Cocaine Abuse - 1
NCT02612259PHASE2COMPLETEDA Phase II, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, in Parallel Groups Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Dietary Supplementation With Tryptophan to Achieve Weight Loss, and Its Neuropsychological Effects in Adolescents With Obesity
NCT04013555PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDThe Effects of Kynurenine Aminotransferase Inhibition in People With Schizophrenia
NCT02051530EARLY_PHASE1COMPLETEDMood, Serotonin and Social Interaction
NCT02051569EARLY_PHASE1COMPLETEDSerotonin and Everyday Social Interaction
NCT05576038Not specifiedRECRUITINGTryptophan for Impaired AhR Signaling in Celiac Disease
NCT06283706Not specifiedRECRUITINGThe Tryptophan Requirement in Healthy Adults
NCT06861140Not specifiedNOT_YET_RECRUITINGExploring the Influence of Trptophan on the Treatment of Pouchitis
NCT07013656Not specifiedNOT_YET_RECRUITINGEffects of Combined Administration of Calcium and L-tryptophan on Gut Functions and Blood Glucose in Healthy Humans
NCT07272668Not specifiedENROLLING_BY_INVITATIONMA of Tryptophan in Cornmeal in Healthy Adults>60y
NCT02018588Not specifiedCOMPLETEDTryptophan Requirement of Healthy School Age Children
NCT02223299Not specifiedWITHDRAWNPilot Study: Combining Nutritional Supplements With Standard Antidepressant to Treat Depression.
NCT02402179Not specifiedCOMPLETEDMetabolic Availability of Tryptophan From White Maize
NCT03059862Not specifiedCOMPLETEDThe Role of Dietary Tryptophan on Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation
NCT03288077Not specifiedCOMPLETEDNutrients to Enhance Sleep Quality and Quantity
NCT03737565Not specifiedCOMPLETEDEvaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Titanium-nitric Oxide-coated Stent (Optimax®) in Patients With Lesions With a Low Risk of Restenosis (Diameter ≥ 3.0 mm and Length ≤ 20 mm)
NCT04041934Not specifiedUNKNOWNEffect of the Quality of Dietary Proteins on the Sleep Young Elite Athletes and the Obese Adolescent
NCT04466436Not specifiedUNKNOWNAnaesthesia and Tryptophan Pathway
NCT04505800Not specifiedCOMPLETEDTryptophan Supplementation to Improve Night Shift Workers’ Health
NCT06089811Not specifiedUNKNOWNA Nutritional Intervention to Prevent Stress Induced Intestinal Hyper-Permeability
NCT06519071Not specifiedCOMPLETEDTryptophan Requirements During Pregnancy
NCT06551545Not specifiedCOMPLETEDTryptophan Metabolism in Healthy Young Adults

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline, but PharmGKB curates 1 clinical and 1 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

20 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 20 by shared-target count:

MoleculeSourceStatusShared targets
CINACALCETChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)CASR
ENCALERETChEMBLPhase 3CASR
EVOCALCETChEMBLPhase 3CASR
FENDILINEChEMBLPhase 2CASR
INTERMEDINEChEMBLPhase 2GPR139
RONACALERETChEMBLPhase 2CASR
SB-423562ChEMBLPhase 2CASR
TECALCETChEMBLPhase 2CASR
ZELATRIAZINChEMBLPhase 2GPR139
.gamma.-aminobutyric acidPubChemApprovedSLC36A1
aminocaproic acidPubChemApprovedSLC36A1
CreatininePubChemApprovedSLC36A1
CycloserinePubChemApprovedSLC36A1
cysteinePubChemApprovedSLC36A1
GlycinePubChemApprovedSLC36A1
hydroxyprolinePubChemApprovedSLC36A1
leucinePubChemApprovedSLC36A1
oxybatePubChemApprovedSLC36A1
phenylalaninePubChemApprovedGPR139
TaurinePubChemApprovedSLC36A1

About this page

Generated deterministically by Sugi Atlas from primary biomedical databases via BioBTree. Every record on this page traces to a primary source.

Generated
Atlas version
v1.1.2
BioBTree
v2.0.2

Sources 30

This page pulls from 30 datasets indexed by BioBTree:

chebichembl_activitychembl_moleculechembl_targetcivic_evidenceclingen_dosageclinical_trialsdepmapefoensemblentrezgogoparentgtopdbgtopdb_interactiongtopdb_ligandhgncmeshmondomsigdbpatent_compoundpharmgkbpharmgkb_guidelinepubchempubchem_activityreactomereactomeparentrefseqtranscriptuniprot