ABHD2

Summary

ABHD2 (abhydrolase domain containing 2, acylglycerol lipase, HGNC:18717) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 15q26.1, encoding Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD2 (P08910). Progesterone-dependent acylglycerol lipase that catalyzes hydrolysis of endocannabinoid arachidonoylglycerol (AG) from cell membrane.

This gene encodes a protein containing an alpha/beta hydrolase fold, which is a catalytic domain found in a wide range of enzymes. The encoded protein is an acylglycerol lipase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of endocannabinoid arachidonoylglycerol from the cell membrane. This leads to activation of the sperm calcium channel CatSper, which results in sperm activation. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein.

Source: NCBI Gene 11057 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 14
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 70 total — 9 pathogenic, 1 likely-pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_152924

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:18717
Approved symbol	ABHD2
Name	abhydrolase domain containing 2, acylglycerol lipase
Location	15q26.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	LABH2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000140526
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	612196
Entrez	11057

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 33 — 28 protein_coding, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000352732, ENST00000562073, ENST00000562254, ENST00000564876, ENST00000565066, ENST00000565825, ENST00000565973, ENST00000568308, ENST00000569411, ENST00000569550, ENST00000864961, ENST00000864962, ENST00000864963, ENST00000864964, ENST00000864965, ENST00000864966, ENST00000864967, ENST00000864968, ENST00000864969, ENST00000864970, ENST00000864971, ENST00000864972, ENST00000864973, ENST00000864974, ENST00000864975, ENST00000951588, ENST00000951589, ENST00000951590, ENST00000951591, ENST00000951592, ENST00000951593, ENST00000951594, ENST00000951595

RefSeq mRNA: 15 — MANE Select: NM_152924 NM_001416412, NM_001416413, NM_001416414, NM_001416415, NM_001416416, NM_001416417, NM_001416418, NM_001416419, NM_001416420, NM_001416421, NM_001416422, NM_001416423, NM_001416424, NM_007011, NM_152924

CCDS: CCDS10348

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000352732 — 11 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000943593	89116322	89116521
ENSE00000943597	89185424	89185516
ENSE00000943600	89193235	89193319
ENSE00001226848	89113725	89113824
ENSE00001226852	89088456	89088563
ENSE00001416083	89195227	89202355
ENSE00003474586	89175812	89175995
ENSE00003540267	89191080	89191149
ENSE00003617891	89155367	89155534
ENSE00003619409	89188193	89188303
ENSE00003788699	89151677	89151852

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 278 present calls, max score 97.01.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 59.2819 / max 1340.0136, expressed in 1825 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (9 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
148321	52.8592	1824
148322	5.7667	962
148337	0.1992	94
148335	0.1506	86
148350	0.1501	39
148334	0.0979	66
148336	0.0432	23
148320	0.0118	3
148319	0.0031	3

Top tissues by expression

292 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	97.01	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	96.29	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	95.83	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	95.65	gold quality
dorsal root ganglion	UBERON:0000044	95.63	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	95.56	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	95.41	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	94.95	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	94.94	gold quality
trigeminal ganglion	UBERON:0001675	94.87	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	94.55	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	94.47	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	94.16	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	94.15	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	94.10	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	94.03	gold quality
medial globus pallidus	UBERON:0002477	94.02	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	93.97	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	93.91	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	93.66	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	93.62	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	93.57	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	93.33	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	93.26	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	93.14	gold quality
globus pallidus	UBERON:0001875	93.00	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	92.96	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	92.88	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	92.68	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	92.60	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-35	yes	49.71
E-GEOD-84465	yes	24.10
E-MTAB-9689	no	145.57
E-CURD-112	no	3.23
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 10)

• Our results showed that the ABHD2 was expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, and that the ABHD2 expression was significantly higher in the patients with UA than with SA. (PMID:17980156)
• Patients with selective immunoglobulin (Ig)A deficiency have a highly significant increase of homozygousity of HS1.2 allele *1, with an increase of 2.6-fold; the HS1.2 polymorphism influences Ig seric production, but not IgG switch. (PMID:20007591)
• ABHD2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms, such as rs12442260 contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. (PMID:25880496)
• ABHD2 is highly expressed in spermatozoa, binds progesterone, and acts as a progesterone-dependent lipid hydrolase by depleting the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) from plasma membrane. (PMID:26989199)
• A mutant ABHD2 developed with alanine in place of Ser(207). (PMID:27247428)
• Suppression of ABHD2 in OVCA420 cells increased phosphorylated p38 and ERK, platinum resistance, and side population cells (p<0.01, respectively). Conversely, overexpression of ABHD2 decreased resistance to anoikis (p<0.05) and the amount of phosphorylated p38 and ERK in OVCA420 and SKOV3 cells. (PMID:27323405)
• These results show that joint tests of main effects and gene-gene interaction reveal associations at some novel loci that were missed when considering main effects alone. (PMID:28813576)
• Circular RNA circ_0079593 enhances malignant melanoma progression by the regulation of the miR-573/ABHD2 axis. (PMID:33648800)
• Membrane Cholesterol Inhibits Progesterone-Mediated Sperm Function through the Possible Involvement of ABHD2. (PMID:37298205)
• Abhd2, a Candidate Gene Regulating Airway Remodeling in COPD via TGF-beta. (PMID:38197032)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	abhd2a	ENSDARG00000025797
danio_rerio	abhd2b	ENSDARG00000045804
mus_musculus	Abhd2	ENSMUSG00000039202
rattus_norvegicus	Abhd2	ENSRNOG00000017120
drosophila_melanogaster	Hydr2	FBGN0014906

Paralogs (3): ABHD1 (ENSG00000143994), ABHD3 (ENSG00000158201), ABHD15 (ENSG00000168792)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD2 — P08910 (reviewed: P08910)

Alternative names: 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolase, Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 2, Acetylesterase, Lung alpha/beta hydrolase 2, Progesterone-sensitive lipase, Protein PHPS1-2

All UniProt accessions (5): A0A024RC89, P08910, H3BMT2, H3BN19, H3BUZ6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Progesterone-dependent acylglycerol lipase that catalyzes hydrolysis of endocannabinoid arachidonoylglycerol (AG) from cell membrane. Acts as a progesterone receptor: progesterone-binding activates the acylglycerol lipase activity, mediating degradation of 1-arachidonoylglycerol (1AG) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) to glycerol and arachidonic acid (AA). Also displays an ester hydrolase activity against acetyl ester, butanoate ester and hexadecanoate ester. Plays a key role in sperm capacitation in response to progesterone by mediating degradation of 2AG, an inhibitor of the sperm calcium channel CatSper, leading to calcium influx via CatSper and sperm activation. May also play a role in smooth muscle cells migration.

Subcellular location. Cell projection. Cilium. Flagellum membrane. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Present in sperm (at protein level).

Activity regulation. Acylglycerol lipase activity is activated upon binding to progesterone.

Similarity. Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. AB hydrolase 4 family.

RefSeq proteins (15): NP_001403341, NP_001403342, NP_001403343, NP_001403344, NP_001403345, NP_001403346, NP_001403347, NP_001403348, NP_001403349, NP_001403350, NP_001403351, NP_001403352, NP_001403353, NP_008942, NP_690888* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000073	AB_hydrolase_1	Domain
IPR000952	AB_hydrolase_4_CS	Conserved_site
IPR012020	ABHD4	Family
IPR029058	AB_hydrolase_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050960	AB_hydrolase_4_sf	Family

Pfam: PF00561

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 5 shown:

• a triacylglycerol + H2O = a diacylglycerol + a fatty acid + H(+) (RHEA:12044)
• an acetyl ester + H2O = an aliphatic alcohol + acetate + H(+) (RHEA:12957)
• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerol + H2O = glycerol + (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+) (RHEA:26132)
• a butanoate ester + H2O = an aliphatic alcohol + butanoate + H(+) (RHEA:47348)
• hexadecanoate ester + H2O = an aliphatic alcohol + hexadecanoate + H(+) (RHEA:47392)

UniProt features (12 total): active site 3, topological domain 2, sequence conflict 2, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, domain 1, glycosylation site 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P08910-F1	91.06	0.76

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (3): 207 (nucleophile); 345 (charge relay system); 376 (charge relay system)

Glycosylation sites (1): 136

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 344 (showing top): GOBP_SINGLE_FERTILIZATION, GOBP_FATTY_ACID_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, MULLIGHAN_NPM1_SIGNATURE_3_UP, PAX4_01, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_LIPID, JAEGER_METASTASIS_DN, TGCACTT_MIR519C_MIR519B_MIR519A, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, CMYB_01, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_SPERM_CAPACITATION, GOBP_GLYCEROLIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (13): acrosome reaction (GO:0007340), response to wounding (GO:0009611), smooth muscle cell migration (GO:0014909), negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration (GO:0014912), response to progesterone (GO:0032570), steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway (GO:0043401), acylglycerol catabolic process (GO:0046464), sperm capacitation (GO:0048240), medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process (GO:0051792), medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process (GO:0051793), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), lipid catabolic process (GO:0016042), nuclear receptor-mediated steroid hormone signaling pathway (GO:0030518)

GO Molecular Function (8): nuclear steroid receptor activity (GO:0003707), triacylglycerol lipase activity (GO:0004806), acetylesterase activity (GO:0008126), hormone binding (GO:0042562), monoacylglycerol lipase activity (GO:0047372), diacylglycerol lipase activity (GO:0120516), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787), carboxylic ester hydrolase activity (GO:0052689)

GO Cellular Component (8): acrosomal vesicle (GO:0001669), sperm flagellum (GO:0036126), sperm plasma membrane (GO:0097524), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cilium (GO:0005929), membrane (GO:0016020), motile cilium (GO:0031514), cell projection (GO:0042995)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
lipase activity	3
medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process	2
carboxylic ester hydrolase activity	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
membrane fusion involved in acrosome reaction	1
single fertilization	1
reproductive process	1
acrosomal vesicle exocytosis	1
response to stress	1
muscle cell migration	1
smooth muscle cell migration	1
regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	1
negative regulation of cell migration	1
response to steroid hormone	1
response to ketone	1
hormone-mediated signaling pathway	1
cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus	1
acylglycerol metabolic process	1
neutral lipid catabolic process	1
glycerolipid catabolic process	1
developmental process involved in reproduction	1
spermatid development	1
cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism	1
cell maturation	1
fatty acid biosynthetic process	1
fatty acid catabolic process	1
primary metabolic process	1
lipid metabolic process	1
catabolic process	1
steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway	1
nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway	1
nuclear receptor activity	1
nuclear receptor-mediated steroid hormone signaling pathway	1
short-chain carboxylesterase activity	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds	1
secretory granule	1
9+2 motile cilium	1
plasma membrane	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1006 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ABHD2	SPA17	Q15506	829
ABHD2	ZPBP	Q9BS86	689
ABHD2	PRKAR2A	P13861	592
ABHD2	CATSPER1	Q8NEC5	589
ABHD2	ABHD16A	O95870	568
ABHD2	ABHD16B	Q9H3Z7	548
ABHD2	ABHD4	Q8TB40	545
ABHD2	SIAE	Q9HAT2	519
ABHD2	ABHD10	Q9NUJ1	500
ABHD2	ABHD8	Q96I13	489
ABHD2	ABHD11	Q8NFV4	483
ABHD2	ABHD12	Q8N2K0	483
ABHD2	ABHD18	Q0P651	478
ABHD2	ABHD6	Q9BV23	476
ABHD2	ABHD14A	Q9BUJ0	469

IntAct

3 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
LAMP5	ABHD2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC27A6	NBAS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (17): ABHD2 (Affinity Capture-RNA), ABHD2 (Affinity Capture-RNA), ABHD2 (Proximity Label-MS), ABHD2 (Proximity Label-MS), ABHD2 (Proximity Label-MS), ABHD2 (Proximity Label-MS), ABHD2 (Proximity Label-MS), ABHD2 (Proximity Label-MS), ABHD2 (Proximity Label-MS), ABHD2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ABHD2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ABHD2 (Proximity Label-MS), ABHD2 (Proximity Label-MS), ABHD2 (Proximity Label-MS), ABHD2 (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2A7Z8, A7LB60, P08910, P0DKC5, P0DKC6, P22760, P70683, P83006, Q05AK6, Q0P5B7, Q13093, Q14032, Q1LZ86, Q28017, Q32LS6, Q4R2Y9, Q4V8A1, Q502J0, Q5EA42, Q5PPS7, Q5VUY0, Q5VUY2, Q5XI64, Q5ZJL8, Q5ZKL5, Q60963, Q63276, Q6DHN0, Q6GLL2, Q6IE26, Q6P093, Q7L211, Q7M370, Q7SY73, Q7Z5M8, Q802V6, Q80UX8, Q8BM81, Q8IUS5, Q8R2Y0

Diamond homologs: P08910, Q05AK6, Q24093, Q4R2Y9, Q5EA42, Q802V6, Q9QXM0

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

70 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	9
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	44
Likely benign	1
Benign	4

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (10)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1340806	GRCh37/hg19 15q26.1(chr15:89520451-93926491)x1	Pathogenic
146259	GRCh38/hg38 15q25.3-26.3(chr15:87904735-101843270)x3	Pathogenic
147691	GRCh38/hg38 15q25.2-26.3(chr15:82859676-101810992)x3	Pathogenic
153554	GRCh38/hg38 15q25.3-26.3(chr15:85397539-101888909)x3	Pathogenic
394871	GRCh37/hg19 15q25.2-26.3(chr15:85089467-102495441)x3	Pathogenic
395560	GRCh37/hg19 15q25.3-26.3(chr15:86148286-102511616)x3	Pathogenic
564229	GRCh37/hg19 15q26.1-26.3(chr15:89743929-102429112)x3	Pathogenic
815743	GRCh37/hg19 15q25.3-26.3(chr15:87189245-102429112)x1	Pathogenic
983158	GRCh37/hg19 15q25.3-26.3(chr15:86962053-102531392)x1	Pathogenic
443650	GRCh37/hg19 15q25.3-26.3(chr15:86899001-98734014)x3	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

2771 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
15:89116319:CAGAT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:89116320:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:89116320:A:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:89116321:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:89116517:AAAGA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
15:89116518:AAGA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
15:89116518:AAGAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:89116519:AGA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
15:89116519:AGAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:89116520:GA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
15:89116520:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
15:89116521:AGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:89116522:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
15:89116523:TGA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
15:89116524:GAG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
15:89116525:A:AC	donor_loss	1.0000
15:89151675:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:89151676:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:89151676:GAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:89151676:GATAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:89151851:AGGTG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:89151852:GGTG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
15:89151853:G:T	donor_loss	1.0000
15:89151854:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:89155365:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:89155365:AGAT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:89155366:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:89155366:GAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:89155366:GATG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:89155531:TATGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

2805 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
15:89116395:C:A	A23D	1.000
15:89151696:T:A	W72R	1.000
15:89151696:T:C	W72R	1.000
15:89151699:G:A	G73R	1.000
15:89151699:G:C	G73R	1.000
15:89151699:G:T	G73W	1.000
15:89151700:G:A	G73E	1.000
15:89155387:T:C	C131R	1.000
15:89155389:C:G	C131W	1.000
15:89155393:G:A	G133R	1.000
15:89155393:G:C	G133R	1.000
15:89155394:G:A	G133E	1.000
15:89155436:T:A	V147D	1.000
15:89155463:G:C	R156P	1.000
15:89155479:C:A	N161K	1.000
15:89155479:C:G	N161K	1.000
15:89155486:G:C	G164R	1.000
15:89155487:G:A	G164D	1.000
15:89155525:T:C	F177L	1.000
15:89155527:C:A	F177L	1.000
15:89155527:C:G	F177L	1.000
15:89175886:G:C	G205R	1.000
15:89175887:G:A	G205D	1.000
15:89175887:G:T	G205V	1.000
15:89175893:G:T	S207I	1.000
15:89175898:G:C	G209R	1.000
15:89175899:G:A	G209D	1.000
15:89175899:G:T	G209V	1.000
15:89175906:C:A	N211K	1.000
15:89175906:C:G	N211K	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000048597 (15:89104073 A>G), RS1000079589 (15:89097913 G>A), RS1000080088 (15:89145262 G>A), RS1000148780 (15:89099330 G>A), RS1000157687 (15:89149317 G>A), RS1000184764 (15:89134867 A>G), RS1000247301 (15:89103807 C>T), RS1000273718 (15:89181255 A>G,T), RS1000280295 (15:89115915 G>A), RS1000310868 (15:89086603 C>T), RS1000365585 (15:89156521 T>G), RS1000379745 (15:89161887 C>T), RS1000423404 (15:89097601 T>A), RS1000431116 (15:89200100 ATG>A), RS1000438383 (15:89119374 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:612196 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): primary amenorrhea (MONDO:1060208)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

14 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001762_356	Obesity-related traits	8.000000e-06
GCST003116_4	Coronary artery disease	4.000000e-08
GCST003876_11	Gut microbiota (beta diversity)	5.000000e-08
GCST004750_10	Squamous cell lung carcinoma	9.000000e-06
GCST004787_61	Coronary artery disease (myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, angina or chromic ischemic heart disease)	1.000000e-07
GCST004862_104	Itch intensity from mosquito bite adjusted by bite size	2.000000e-06
GCST004865_17	Itch intensity from mosquito bite adjusted by bite size	6.000000e-07
GCST004868_2	Advanced age-related macular degeneration	1.000000e-07
GCST007096_9	Pulse pressure	2.000000e-08
GCST008839_83	Height	2.000000e-12
GCST010479_38	Coronary artery disease	4.000000e-10
GCST010866_64	Coronary artery disease	2.000000e-26
GCST010867_13	Coronary artery disease	9.000000e-18
GCST011365_146	Myocardial infarction	6.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005115	metabolic rate measurement
EFO:0007874	gut microbiome measurement
EFO:0008377	mosquito bite reaction itch intensity measurement
EFO:0008378	mosquito bite reaction size measurement
EFO:0005763	pulse pressure measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — 2-Acylglycerol ester turnover

CTD chemical–gene interactions

64 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Estradiol	increases expression, increases reaction	6
Valproic Acid	affects expression, decreases methylation, increases expression	4
bisphenol A	increases expression, decreases expression	3
Acetaminophen	decreases expression, increases expression	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression, decreases methylation, increases methylation	3
sodium arsenite	affects expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	2
bisphenol S	decreases methylation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression	2
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide	decreases expression	2
bisphenol F	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
testosterone enanthate	affects expression	1
methyleugenol	decreases expression	1
pirinixic acid	increases activity, increases expression, affects binding	1
trichostatin A	affects expression	1
2,4,5,2’,4’,5’-hexachlorobiphenyl	decreases expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
potassium chromate(VI)	decreases expression	1
2,3-bis(3’-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone	decreases expression	1
picene	decreases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
monomethylarsonous acid	increases expression	1
dimethylarsinous acid	increases expression	1
2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether	decreases expression	1
PCI 5002	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Bortezomib	increases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Fulvestrant	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

1 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT07164248	Not specified	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density Indications and Outcomes in Female Adolescents: Implications for Early Detection of Osteopenia/Osteoporosis and Gynecologic Practice