ABI3

Summary

ABI3 (ABI family member 3, HGNC:29859) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q21.32, encoding ABI gene family member 3 (Q9P2A4). May inhibit tumor metastasis.

This gene encodes a member of an adaptor protein family. Members of this family encode proteins containing a homeobox homology domain, proline rich region and Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain, and are components of the Abi/WAVE complex which regulates actin polymerization. The encoded protein inhibits ectopic metastasis of tumor cells as well as cell migration. This may be accomplished through interaction with p21-activated kinase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 51225 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 6
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 80 total — 2 pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_016428

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:29859
Approved symbol	ABI3
Name	ABI family member 3
Location	17q21.32
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	NESH, SSH3BP3
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000108798
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	606363
Entrez	51225

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 12 — 12 protein_coding

ENST00000225941, ENST00000419580, ENST00000571035, ENST00000573347, ENST00000881777, ENST00000881778, ENST00000881779, ENST00000881780, ENST00000881781, ENST00000881782, ENST00000881783, ENST00000881784

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_016428 NM_001135186, NM_016428

CCDS: CCDS11546, CCDS45725

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000225941 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000736259	49220169	49220326
ENSE00000819755	49216531	49216698
ENSE00000819757	49217739	49217915
ENSE00000819759	49219858	49219953
ENSE00000819762	49222091	49222225
ENSE00000819763	49222552	49223225
ENSE00001045567	49219540	49219625
ENSE00001287516	49210707	49210841

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 189 present calls, max score 97.61.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 7.5270 / max 307.2303, expressed in 766 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
161522	5.1878	546
161518	1.1911	458
161526	0.5205	168
161520	0.3073	154
161519	0.1613	87
161521	0.1590	75

Top tissues by expression

232 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	97.61	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	94.70	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	94.24	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	94.06	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	89.66	silver quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	89.57	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	88.38	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	87.97	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	87.32	silver quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	86.94	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	86.55	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	85.02	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	84.67	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	83.86	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	83.67	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	83.33	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	83.13	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	83.12	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	82.78	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	82.04	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	82.00	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	80.98	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	80.98	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	80.62	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	80.08	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	80.05	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	79.94	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	79.73	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	79.58	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	79.55	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 7 experiment(s), a significant marker in 5.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-11	yes	40.12
E-CURD-112	yes	19.61
E-CURD-122	yes	13.34
E-MTAB-8410	yes	9.49
E-ANND-3	yes	8.12
E-MTAB-7381	no	960.69
E-MTAB-6505	no	659.59

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): HOXA1, NFYB

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

30 targeting ABI3, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-6759-5P	99.99	66.54	785
HSA-MIR-1184	99.99	68.19	1458
HSA-MIR-6793-5P	99.97	65.95	758
HSA-MIR-4267	99.96	66.53	2368
HSA-MIR-185-3P	99.95	67.01	1743
HSA-MIR-6780A-5P	99.88	66.69	2776
HSA-MIR-3133	99.81	70.92	3506
HSA-MIR-1273H-5P	99.77	66.32	2471
HSA-MIR-30B-3P	99.70	65.76	2325
HSA-MIR-3689A-3P	99.70	65.73	2306
HSA-MIR-3689B-3P	99.70	65.71	2311
HSA-MIR-3689C	99.70	65.71	2311
HSA-MIR-6779-5P	99.70	65.76	2363
HSA-MIR-7106-5P	99.53	67.47	3574
HSA-MIR-1207-3P	98.99	66.22	1532
HSA-MIR-6829-5P	98.86	65.12	1480
HSA-MIR-6846-5P	98.81	65.86	1121
HSA-MIR-6848-5P	98.81	65.49	1126
HSA-MIR-6852-3P	98.54	67.60	1468
HSA-MIR-1470	98.11	63.53	399
HSA-MIR-615-5P	98.10	63.76	591
HSA-MIR-647	97.73	67.79	927
HSA-MIR-4741	97.69	64.14	883
HSA-MIR-4675	97.69	64.82	774
HSA-MIR-4690-3P	97.02	64.72	981
HSA-MIR-5685	97.02	64.34	1004
HSA-MIR-4296	96.35	63.55	1233
HSA-MIR-365A-5P	94.91	63.72	471
HSA-MIR-365B-5P	94.91	63.79	470

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 12)

• Forced expression of NESH suppresses motility and metastatic dissemination of malignant cells. (PMID:11956071)
• NESH (Abi-3), like Abi-1 and Abi-2, is a component of the Abi/WAVE complex, but likely plays a different role in the regulation of c-Abl. (PMID:17101133)
• Result links ABI3 to the pathogenesis and progression of some cancers and suggests that ABI3 or its pathway might have interest as therapeutic target. (PMID:21223585)
• Low ABI3 expression is associated with thyroid carcinomas. (PMID:27036019)
• Data show that protein-altering changes are in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 genes highly expressed in microglia and highlight an immune-related protein-protein interaction network in Alzheimer’s disease. (PMID:28714976)
• suggest distinct effects of the microglial genes, ABI3 and PLCG2 in neurodegenerative diseases that harbor significant vs. low/no amyloid ss pathology (PMID:30326945)
• Study shows that rare coding variants in TREM2, PLCG2, and ABI3 modulate susceptibility to Alzheimer disease in populations from Argentina, and they may have a European heritage. (PMID:30705288)
• Common Variants in ABI3 Influence Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Tau Levels and Cognitive Decline in Progressive Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients. (PMID:31127786)
• Examination of the Effect of Rare Variants in TREM2, ABI3, and PLCG2 in LOAD Through Multiple Phenotypes. (PMID:32894242)
• Association of ABI3 and PLCG2 missense variants with disease risk and neuropathology in Lewy body disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. (PMID:33092647)
• ABI3 Is a Novel Early Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease. (PMID:35275543)
• Identification and Quantitation of Novel ABI3 Isoforms Relative to Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics and Neuropathology. (PMID:36140776)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	abi3b	ENSDARG00000063283
mus_musculus	Abi3	ENSMUSG00000018381
rattus_norvegicus	Abi3	ENSRNOG00000005575
drosophila_melanogaster	Abi	FBGN0020510
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00015146

Paralogs (2): ABI1 (ENSG00000136754), ABI2 (ENSG00000138443)

Protein

Protein identifiers

ABI gene family member 3 — Q9P2A4 (reviewed: Q9P2A4)

Alternative names: New molecule including SH3

All UniProt accessions (3): Q9P2A4, I3L1X2, I3L3W4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May inhibit tumor metastasis. In vitro, reduces cell motility.

Subunit / interactions. May interact with PAK1 and PAK2. Probably interacts with TARSH.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in heart, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, placenta and at low levels in brain and skeletal muscle.

Similarity. Belongs to the ABI family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9P2A4-1	1	yes
Q9P2A4-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001128658, NP_057512* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001452	SH3_domain	Domain
IPR012849	Abl-interactor_HHR_dom	Domain
IPR028455	ABI3_SH3	Domain
IPR028457	ABI	Family
IPR036028	SH3-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF07815, PF14604

UniProt features (13 total): sequence variant 3, modified residue 3, region of interest 2, chain 1, domain 1, coiled-coil region 1, compositionally biased region 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9P2A4-F1	75.31	0.46

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (3): 213, 216, 342

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 266 (showing top): GOBP_DENDRITE_DEVELOPMENT, CREL_01, AP1_01, MODULE_255, GOBP_SYNAPSE_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_DENDRITIC_SPINE_DEVELOPMENT, MODULE_317, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_RUFFLE_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_JUNCTION_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_CELLULAR_SENESCENCE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_BIOGENESIS, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LAMELLIPODIUM_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_CELL_PERIPHERY

GO Biological Process (12): neuron migration (GO:0001764), defense response to tumor cell (GO:0002357), negative regulation of lamellipodium assembly (GO:0010593), actin cytoskeleton organization (GO:0030036), regulation of cell migration (GO:0030334), cell projection morphogenesis (GO:0048858), regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis (GO:0061001), modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton (GO:0098885), regulation of postsynaptic density assembly (GO:0099151), negative regulation of ruffle assembly (GO:1900028), negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane (GO:1903077), positive regulation of cellular senescence (GO:2000774)

GO Molecular Function (4): signaling adaptor activity (GO:0035591), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), actin filament binding (GO:0051015), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (10): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), postsynaptic density (GO:0014069), membrane (GO:0016020), lamellipodium (GO:0030027), SCAR complex (GO:0031209), dendritic spine (GO:0043197), dendritic shaft (GO:0043198), actin-based cell projection (GO:0098858), glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978), postsynapse (GO:0098794)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	4
cell migration	2
negative regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly	2
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	2
dendrite	2
synapse	2
generation of neurons	1
response to tumor cell	1
defense response	1
regulation of lamellipodium assembly	1
lamellipodium assembly	1
negative regulation of lamellipodium organization	1
cytoskeleton organization	1
actin filament-based process	1
regulation of cell motility	1
cell morphogenesis	1
anatomical structure morphogenesis	1
cell projection organization	1
regulation of neuron projection development	1
regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis	1
dendritic spine morphogenesis	1
regulation of postsynapse organization	1
modification of postsynaptic structure	1
postsynaptic density assembly	1
regulation of postsynaptic specialization assembly	1
regulation of excitatory synapse assembly	1
regulation of postsynaptic density organization	1
ruffle assembly	1
regulation of ruffle assembly	1
protein localization to plasma membrane	1
regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane	1
negative regulation of protein localization to cell periphery	1
negative regulation of protein localization to membrane	1
positive regulation of cellular process	1
cellular senescence	1
regulation of cellular senescence	1
protein-macromolecule adaptor activity	1
protein binding	1
actin binding	1
protein-containing complex binding	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1326 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ABI3	ABI3BP	Q7Z7G0	998
ABI3	CYFIP1	Q7L576	963
ABI3	NCKAP1	Q9Y2A7	944
ABI3	NCKAP1L	P55160	895
ABI3	BRK1	Q8WUW1	858
ABI3	WASF3	Q9UPY6	804
ABI3	WASF1	Q92558	787
ABI3	WASF2	Q9Y6W5	774
ABI3	CYFIP2	Q96F07	702
ABI3	ADGRL1	O94910	663
ABI3	EPS8	Q12929	661
ABI3	KIAA0408	Q6ZU52	651
ABI3	PLCG2	P16885	645
ABI3	TREM2	Q9NZC2	634
ABI3	TYROBP	O43914	586

IntAct

271 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ABI3	NUP58	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
CEP44	ABI3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
NUP58	ABI3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
HOMER3	ABI3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
ABI3	EIF3H	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.760
HOMER1	ABI3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.740
ABI3	NCK2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
ABI3	VASP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
KANK2	ABI3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
NCK2	ABI3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
VASP	ABI3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
ABI3	KANK2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
WAS	ABI3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
ABI3	EVL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
ABI3	WAS	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
EVL	ABI3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670

BioGRID (102): ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid), ABI3 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A2K3E7S8, A8B1U4, A8I4E9, A8ICS9, A8ID74, A8IF44, A8IGK2, A8IH47, A8INQ0, A8ITV9, A8IUG5, A8J0N6, A8J1V4, A8JAF2, A8JAN3, A8JBB2, A8JID5, A8Q1F0, B0WTU5, B5BUZ8, D4P3R7, F5A894, P0C7L7, P0DL09, P46870, P53787, Q2QPW2, Q2XQY7, Q4PDA7, Q53JI9, Q5Z6N9, Q688R3, Q69T21, Q6R2V6, Q6RCE1, Q750K9, Q751Z6, Q752S4, Q756C3, Q759H4

Diamond homologs: A0A0K3AV08, A1DFN5, A4RF61, A5D7F8, A5D8S5, A7A261, B1V8A0, F1LRS8, G5EC32, O00160, O35179, O35180, O35413, O35964, O42287, O43586, O55043, O77506, O93436, O94868, O94875, P10569, P10686, P29355, P38753, P39743, P43603, P49710, P62484, P70248, P97369, Q01406, Q09746, Q09822, Q14155, Q14247, Q14847, Q15052, Q15811, Q28E95

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
WWP2	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	ABI3	polyubiquitination

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 67 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Formation of the cornified envelope	8	15.3×	2e-05
Keratinization	8	9.7×	3e-04

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
morphogenesis of an epithelium	8	46.6×	1e-09
intermediate filament organization	9	36.7×	9e-10
epithelial cell differentiation	7	20.8×	6e-06

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

80 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	2
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	65
Likely benign	3
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (2)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
154833	GRCh38/hg38 17q21.32-21.33(chr17:47986886-49329397)x1	Pathogenic
59588	GRCh38/hg38 17q21.32-21.33(chr17:48520885-49511208)x1	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

1389 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
17:49217737:AGAT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49217738:GATG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49217912:CAAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:49217914:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
17:49217915:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
17:49217917:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
17:49220332:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
17:49222088:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49222089:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49222090:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49222197:C:G	donor_gain	1.0000
17:49222548:GCA:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:49222549:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:49222550:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49222550:A:AT	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:49222550:AGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49222550:AGTG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49222551:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49222551:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49222551:GTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49222551:GTGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49222551:GTGGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:49210839:CAGG:C	donor_loss	0.9900
17:49210841:GGTA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
17:49210842:G:GA	donor_loss	0.9900
17:49216679:GT:G	donor_gain	0.9900
17:49217734:TGCA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
17:49217735:GCA:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
17:49217736:CA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
17:49217737:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

2324 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
17:49210812:G:C	A30P	0.997
17:49222684:T:C	F357S	0.996
17:49216582:G:C	A57P	0.994
17:49216586:T:C	L58P	0.994
17:49216616:T:C	L68P	0.994
17:49222618:T:A	I335N	0.994
17:49222656:G:C	G348R	0.994
17:49216591:A:C	S60R	0.993
17:49216593:C:A	S60R	0.993
17:49216593:C:G	S60R	0.993
17:49210813:C:A	A30D	0.992
17:49210823:C:G	C33W	0.992
17:49216619:C:A	A69D	0.992
17:49222600:T:C	F329S	0.992
17:49222647:T:A	W345R	0.992
17:49222647:T:C	W345R	0.992
17:49210801:T:C	L26P	0.991
17:49216597:G:C	A62P	0.991
17:49216598:C:A	A62D	0.991
17:49216618:G:C	A69P	0.991
17:49217902:G:A	G150D	0.991
17:49222649:G:C	W345C	0.991
17:49222649:G:T	W345C	0.991
17:49222678:G:A	G355E	0.991
17:49210822:G:A	C33Y	0.990
17:49216588:G:C	A59P	0.990
17:49216589:C:A	A59D	0.990
17:49222569:T:G	Y319D	0.990
17:49217770:G:C	R106P	0.989
17:49222624:T:A	V337D	0.989

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000077593 (17:49211711 C>A), RS1000349320 (17:49221035 TGGTGGTGC>T), RS1000464309 (17:49213464 C>T), RS1000830663 (17:49219565 C>T), RS1001094594 (17:49219815 C>A,G), RS1001278347 (17:49220417 C>A,T), RS1001395315 (17:49208863 C>T), RS1001468883 (17:49214974 T>C), RS1001472008 (17:49217094 C>T), RS1001609271 (17:49211141 G>A), RS1001620648 (17:49211409 G>T), RS1001952509 (17:49212551 G>A), RS1001962423 (17:49212720 G>A,C), RS1001963819 (17:49217378 G>A), RS1002305988 (17:49209110 ACCTTG>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:606363 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

6 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001942_17	Prostate cancer	2.000000e-09
GCST005549_8	Alzheimer’s disease (late onset)	5.000000e-10
GCST007320_7	Alzheimer’s disease or family history of Alzheimer’s disease	2.000000e-08
GCST007321_14	Family history of Alzheimer’s disease	7.000000e-06
GCST008916_126	Asthma	2.000000e-15
GCST010002_125	Refractive error	1.000000e-44

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:1001870	late-onset Alzheimers disease
EFO:0009268	family history of Alzheimer’s disease

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

24 total (human), top 24 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression, increases methylation, increases mutagenesis	3
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
GSK-J4	decreases expression	1
bisphenol F	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide	decreases expression	1
zinc chromate	increases abundance, decreases expression	1
ochratoxin A	decreases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	decreases methylation	1
methylmercury II	decreases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
chromium hexavalent ion	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants, Occupational	decreases expression	1
Cisplatin	increases expression	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects response to substance	1
Nickel	decreases expression	1
Rifampin	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.