ACACA

Summary

ACACA (acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, HGNC:84) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q12, encoding Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (Q13085). Cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the first and rate-limiting step of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 26.6% of cell lines).

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. There are two ACC forms, alpha and beta, encoded by two different genes. ACC-alpha is highly enriched in lipogenic tissues. The enzyme is under long term control at the transcriptional and translational levels and under short term regulation by the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of targeted serine residues and by allosteric transformation by citrate or palmitoyl-CoA. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants divergent in the 5’ sequence and encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 31 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): acetyl-coa carboxylase deficiency (Moderate, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 480 total — 4 pathogenic (top 7% of genes corpus-wide)
• Regional missense constraint (gnomAD): 7 of 16 regions constrained (≈19% of expected missense variation)
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 20 tissues, sQTL in 3 (q < 0.05)
• Phenotypes (HPO): 7
• Drug target: yes — 4 via a complex or family; 4 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 26.6% of screened cell lines
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 1.00 (loss-of-function intolerant), LOEUF 0.37 (moderately constrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_198834
• Interaction hub: 2,832 STRING partners (top 3% of genes corpus-wide)
• Notable: 480 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:84
Approved symbol	ACACA
Name	acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha
Location	17q12
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	ACC1, ACC-alpha, ACCA, ACCalpha, ACACalpha, Acac1, hACC1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000278540
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	200350
Entrez	31

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 25 — 12 protein_coding, 5 retained_intron, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 3 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 non_stop_decay

MANE Select: ENST00000616317

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 8, TSL 2: 3, TSL 3: 5, TSL 4: 3, TSL 5: 4

ENST00000616317, ENST00000612007, ENST00000612120, ENST00000612895, ENST00000612926, ENST00000613146, ENST00000613776, ENST00000614333, ENST00000614428, ENST00000614438, ENST00000614450, ENST00000614482, ENST00000614789, ENST00000615229, ENST00000616352, ENST00000617548, ENST00000617649, ENST00000618053, ENST00000618351, ENST00000618575, ENST00000619245, ENST00000619546, ENST00000621960, ENST00001046176, ENST00001143661

RefSeq mRNA: 5 — MANE Select: NM_198834 NM_198834, NM_198836, NM_198837, NM_198838, NM_198839

CCDS: CCDS11317, CCDS11318, CCDS42302, CCDS42303

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000616317 — 56 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00003711809	37234975	37235099
ENSE00003712872	37121355	37121490
ENSE00003713465	37125698	37125794
ENSE00003713472	37240476	37240564
ENSE00003715963	37155683	37155780
ENSE00003717027	37257703	37257866
ENSE00003718107	37224992	37225105
ENSE00003718686	37088938	37089074
ENSE00003719856	37248011	37248156
ENSE00003720725	37283267	37283405
ENSE00003723069	37111531	37111643
ENSE00003726147	37243371	37243559
ENSE00003726892	37263685	37263894
ENSE00003728369	37181201	37181356
ENSE00003729292	37226339	37226452
ENSE00003730108	37200139	37200183
ENSE00003730337	37192090	37192305
ENSE00003730946	37221724	37221842
ENSE00003731706	37130075	37130218
ENSE00003731907	37206783	37206879
ENSE00003731966	37161781	37162050
ENSE00003732149	37277033	37277114
ENSE00003732213	37258212	37258373
ENSE00003732433	37223512	37223601
ENSE00003732440	37275951	37276049
ENSE00003732606	37210467	37210490
ENSE00003732890	37179260	37179406
ENSE00003734280	37252886	37253036
ENSE00003734814	37191120	37191275
ENSE00003735484	37193374	37193415
ENSE00003736690	37252005	37252108
ENSE00003736988	37246826	37246976
ENSE00003737982	37274193	37274299
ENSE00003738753	37129365	37129485
ENSE00003740675	37084992	37087439
ENSE00003740987	37245080	37245214
ENSE00003741169	37241953	37242053
ENSE00003741519	37207657	37207800
ENSE00003741681	37200427	37200483
ENSE00003742848	37096996	37097166
ENSE00003743039	37270751	37270861
ENSE00003743164	37248593	37248674
ENSE00003743531	37122531	37122627
ENSE00003744386	37149864	37149974
ENSE00003744996	37097830	37097984
ENSE00003745678	37113088	37113265
ENSE00003746195	37205765	37205872
ENSE00003748166	37188277	37188480
ENSE00003748405	37151301	37151421
ENSE00003748605	37330173	37330425
ENSE00003749439	37259360	37259530
ENSE00003750104	37277896	37278005
ENSE00003750795	37339804	37339850
ENSE00003752159	37244588	37244734
ENSE00003786438	37284838	37284970
ENSE00003843730	37406262	37406836

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 134 present calls, max score 96.24.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 26.5962 / max 196.6445, expressed in 1809 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): cortical plate, adrenal tissue, ganglionic eminence, corpus callosum, ventricular zone.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

ACACA is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 20 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 3 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 23 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	sqtl	2.0e-11	-0.50	17:37333831:T:G
Nerve Tibial	eqtl	2.2e-06	+0.16	17:37232521:A:G
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	eqtl	3.9e-06	+0.12	17:37399875:T:A
Testis	sqtl	9.3e-06	-0.67	17:37084509:ACT:A
Brain Cortex	eqtl	6.5e-05	+0.20	17:37491071:A:C
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	eqtl	8.1e-05	+0.13	17:37232521:A:G
Artery Aorta	eqtl	8.8e-05	+0.17	17:37383917:C:T
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	eqtl	1.2e-04	+0.11	17:37217510:T:C
Esophagus Gastroesophageal Junction	eqtl	4.1e-03	+0.13	17:37335407:G:A
Artery Tibial	eqtl	4.2e-03	+0.13	17:38375601:C:G
Esophagus Mucosa	eqtl	7.3e-03	+0.12	17:36806337:C:A
Pancreas	eqtl	8.7e-03	+0.19	17:37374913:C:G
Brain Amygdala	eqtl	9.3e-03	+0.22	17:37513297:TA:T
Adipose Visceral Omentum	eqtl	9.6e-03	+0.12	17:37474926:G:A
Muscle Skeletal	sqtl	1.7e-02	-0.95	17:38321310:C:T
Stomach	eqtl	2.8e-02	+0.66	17:36497489:T:A
Brain Anterior cingulate cortex BA24	eqtl	3.0e-02	+0.15	17:37515526:T:C
Brain Spinal cord cervical c-1	eqtl	3.2e-02	+1.09	17:36521549:T:C
Brain Frontal Cortex BA9	eqtl	3.3e-02	+0.63	17:37197986:G:A
Brain Putamen basal ganglia	eqtl	3.5e-02	+0.74	17:38279120:G:A

FANTOM5 promoters

5 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
165466	21.1174	1784
165470	2.9720	1413
165467	1.7630	873
165469	0.7297	455
165468	0.0142	3

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 134 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	96.24	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	96.11	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	95.51	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	95.35	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	95.23	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	93.19	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	92.25	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	92.15	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	92.00	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	91.97	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	91.51	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	91.28	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	91.06	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	90.97	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	90.96	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	90.86	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	90.83	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	90.67	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	90.46	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	90.33	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	90.29	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	90.11	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	89.96	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	89.85	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	89.73	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	89.65	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	89.50	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	89.39	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	89.28	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	89.21	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	89.14	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	89.13	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	89.07	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	88.99	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	88.85	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	88.79	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	88.79	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	88.76	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	88.58	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	88.55	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	88.51	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	88.47	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	88.44	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	88.24	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	88.13	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	88.12	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	88.08	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	88.07	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	88.06	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	88.06	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	87.93	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	87.87	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	87.49	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	87.27	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	87.12	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	87.08	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	87.01	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	86.54	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	86.53	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	86.01	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	85.99	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	85.99	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	85.98	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	85.75	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	85.74	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	85.72	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	85.67	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	85.64	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	85.54	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	85.49	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	85.45	gold quality
multicellular organism	UBERON:0000468	85.43	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	85.35	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	85.34	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	85.19	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	85.13	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	85.09	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	85.00	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	84.98	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	84.97	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	84.84	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	84.72	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	84.69	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	84.64	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	84.49	gold quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	84.49	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	84.44	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	84.41	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	84.38	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	84.30	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	84.21	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	84.19	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	84.19	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	84.18	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	84.17	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	84.09	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	84.09	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	84.03	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	84.02	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	84.00	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	10.54

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Low tissue specificity

showing 60 of 80 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Spinal cord	tissue	44.1
Cerebral cortex	tissue	40.6	low
Somatosensory cortex	tissue	40.6
Prefrontal cortex	tissue	39.8
Motor cortex	tissue	39.1
Insular cortex	tissue	38.7
Substantia nigra	tissue	37.8
Medulla oblongata	tissue	37.7
Thalamus	tissue	37.7
Midbrain	tissue	37.6
Pons	tissue	36.7
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortex	tissue	36.7
Hippocampal formation	tissue	36.6
Entorhinal cortex	tissue	36.6
Occipital cortex	tissue	36.3
Temporal cortex	tissue	35.8
Retrosplenial cortex	tissue	35.5
Hypothalamus	tissue	34.2
Corpus callosum	tissue	34.1
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	32.4
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	32.3
Superior colliculi	tissue	31.4
Ventral forebrain	tissue	30.4
Amygdala	tissue	30.3
Septum	tissue	29.7
Frontal cortex	tissue	29.4
Choroid plexus	tissue	27.7
Putamen	tissue	27.6
Cerebellum	tissue	27.3	medium
Basal ganglia	tissue	27.1	low
Locus coeruleus	tissue	27.0
Caudate putamen	tissue	25.2
Breast	tissue	20.9	medium
Hippocampus	tissue	20.9	low
Olfactory bulb	tissue	19.9
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	19.8
Pituitary gland	tissue	18.4
Adipose tissue	tissue	14.0	low
Prostate	tissue	14.0	medium
Vagina	tissue	13.9	medium
Epididymis	tissue	13.0	high
Esophagus	tissue	10.9	high
Parathyroid gland	tissue	10.2	high
Seminal vesicle	tissue	9.0	medium
Lung	tissue	8.9	high
Smooth muscle	tissue	7.5	medium
Retina	tissue	7.4
Testis	tissue	7.0	high
Liver	tissue	7.0	high
Skin 1	tissue	6.9	medium
Urinary bladder	tissue	6.8	high
Rectum	tissue	6.0	high
Cervix	tissue	5.7	medium
Salivary gland	tissue	5.7	medium
Adrenal gland	tissue	5.7	high
Colon	tissue	5.4	high
Endometrium 1	tissue	5.3	medium
Tonsil	tissue	5.2	low
Thyroid gland	tissue	5.1	high
Ovary	tissue	4.9	low

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 192; highest nTPM — Ventral spinal cord (44.1), Dorsal spinal cord (37.0), Precentral gyrus (36.9), Subiculum (34.1), White matter (34.1).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AR, CEBPA, CEBPB, CREB1, CREBZF, FOXO1, MLXIPL, NR1H3, NR1H4, NRF1, PPARD, SP1, SREBF1, STAT3, STAT5A, THRB, USF1, USF2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting ACACA by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 77 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5193	100.00	67.26	1744
HSA-MIR-6758-5P	100.00	66.21	1470
HSA-MIR-6856-5P	100.00	65.47	1298
HSA-MIR-511-3P	99.99	68.85	1467
HSA-MIR-548AW	99.99	72.57	3559
HSA-MIR-27A-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-9985	99.98	72.11	2939
HSA-MIR-3065-5P	99.97	71.56	3281
HSA-MIR-6825-5P	99.96	69.81	3431
HSA-MIR-4725-3P	99.96	69.53	2520
HSA-MIR-6780B-5P	99.96	69.60	2562
HSA-MIR-185-3P	99.95	67.01	1743
HSA-MIR-1305	99.91	71.43	3443
HSA-MIR-627-3P	99.90	71.42	3316
HSA-MIR-4731-5P	99.89	67.23	2537
HSA-MIR-4271	99.88	68.32	2244
HSA-MIR-4492	99.87	68.25	3611
HSA-MIR-4659A-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-4659B-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-92A-2-5P	99.75	67.01	2164
HSA-MIR-1976	99.74	65.48	1127
HSA-MIR-1825	99.72	68.11	1089
HSA-MIR-4422	99.72	72.07	2908
HSA-MIR-1283	99.69	72.42	3009
HSA-MIR-4666B	99.64	68.69	1282
HSA-MIR-182-3P	99.57	67.57	825
HSA-MIR-6716-5P	99.56	68.62	1244
HSA-MIR-7844-5P	99.55	68.56	1428
HSA-MIR-7159-5P	99.53	72.12	2472

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 1, LOEUF 0.374, missense Z 10.2 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD)

ENST00000616317 splits into 16 regions with different missense tolerance; 7 are missense-constrained (≈19% of the expected missense variation). Missense variants in a constrained region (low observed/expected) are more likely to be pathogenic. gnomAD

Region (GRCh38)	Missense obs / exp	o/e	Constrained
17:37,087,319–37,188,390	553 / 1043.6	0.53	no
17:37,188,391–37,192,143	35 / 131.8	0.27	yes (p 3.4e-17)
17:37,192,144–37,210,476	179 / 283.2	0.63	no
17:37,210,477–37,221,748	1 / 16.7	0.06	yes (p 1.2e-04)
17:37,221,749–37,221,791	15 / 18.8	0.80	no
17:37,221,792–37,226,446	42 / 147.5	0.28	yes (p 3.7e-18)
17:37,226,447–37,252,899	316 / 540.9	0.58	no
17:37,252,900–37,258,258	35 / 139.4	0.25	yes (p 9.3e-19)
17:37,258,259–37,258,368	37 / 49.9	0.74	no
17:37,258,369–37,259,425	3 / 29.1	0.10	yes (p 1.3e-06)
17:37,259,426–37,274,217	82 / 185.2	0.44	no
17:37,274,218–37,275,998	47 / 55.4	0.85	no
17:37,275,999–37,277,985	29 / 90.3	0.32	yes (p 1.1e-10)
17:37,277,986–37,283,290	0 / 18.0	0.00	yes (p 2.3e-05)
17:37,283,291–37,284,928	40 / 92.2	0.43	no
17:37,284,929–37,406,299	140 / 147.7	0.95	no
DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 26.6% of screened cell lines.

Most-dependent cell lines (DepMap gene-effect, lower = stronger; ≤ −0.5 shown): CH-157MN (-1.449), P4E6 (-1.369), Evsa-T (-1.326), PA-TU-8988S (-1.321), MEL-HO (-1.301), NCI-H1993 (-1.291), DEL (-1.286), SF-172 (-1.275), DLD-1 (-1.27), HSC-5 (-1.246), SW 626 (-1.21), ACC-MESO-1 (-1.199), OUMS-23 (-1.16), U-937 (-1.143), IPC-298 (-1.143).

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• The Stoned proteins may regulate sustainable neurotransmission in vivo by binding to Ca(2+)-bound Synaptotagmin-1 associated synaptic vesicles. (PMID:22701718)
• folding of the T4 major capsid protein requires a gp31-dependent cis-folding mechanism likely inside an enlarged “Anfinsen cage” provided by GroEL and gp31 (PMID:15919824)
• enlarged volume for folding is consistent with the size of the bacteriophage coat protein gp23, which is the major substrate of GroEL-gp31 chaperonin complex (PMID:16549073)
• structures of gp23-chaperonin complexes, showing both the initial captured state and the final, close-to-native state with gp23 encapsulated in the folding chamber (PMID:19122642)
• Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 gene has three promoters and heterogeneity at the 5’-untranslated mRNA region (PMID:12810950)
• Transcription of ACC-alpha from at least three promoters and the potential to generate ACC-alpha isozymes with differential susceptibilities to phosphorylation indicate that the regulation of fatty acid synthesis in human tissues is likely to be complex (PMID:14643797)
• polymorphisms in acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha is associated with breast cancer predisposition (PMID:15333468)
• BRCA1 affects lipogenesis through binding to P-ACCA, suggesting a new mechanism by which BRCA1 may exert a tumor suppressor function (PMID:16326698)
• the whole BRCA1 protein interacts with ACCA when phosphorylated on Ser1263. (PMID:16698035)
• a possible role of the ACC-alpha common sequence variants in susceptibility to breast cancer (PMID:17372234)
• observations provide complete information about the pattern and levels of LKB1 and p-ACC immunostaining in normal tissues and in lung tumors (PMID:17521700)
• the major mechanism of HER2-mediated induction of FASN and ACCalpha in the breast cancer cells used in this study is translational regulation primarily through the mTOR signaling pathway. (PMID:17631500)
• AKR1B10 regulates the stability of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha and is a novel regulator of the biosynthesis of fatty acid, an essential component of the cell membrane, in breast cancer cells (PMID:18056116)
• biochemical analysis of human BRCA1 BRCT domains in complex with a phospho-peptide from human ACC1 (PMID:18452305)
• Differential activation of recombinant ACC1 and ACC2 by citrate is reported. (PMID:18455495)
• AMPK alpha2 activity, AMPK alpha2 Thr172 phosphorylation, and ACC-beta Ser222 phosphorylation were increased immediately after exercise. These increases had all returned to basal levels at 3 and 24 h after exercise. (PMID:18614941)
• Data suggest that increased expression of malonyl CoA decarboxylase, and the decreased expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase and 5’-AMP activated protein kinase are important regulators of the maturation of fatty acid oxidation in the newborn human heart. (PMID:18614968)
• The interaction between BRCA1 and acetyl-CoA-carboxylase is regulated during cell cycle progression. (PMID:19061860)
• ACC was down-regulated in visceral adipose tissue from obese subjects, with and without diabetes mellitus type 2 (PMID:19543203)
• data suggest that cancer cells require active SCD1 to control the rate of glucose-mediated lipogenesis, and that when SCD1 activity is impaired cells downregulate SFA synthesis via AMPK-mediated inactivation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (PMID:19710915)
• Data show that kidney bean husk extract exhibited antitumor effects accompanied by the increase in p-AMPK and p-Acc as well as antitumor proteins p53 and p21. (PMID:19723093)
• Transient over-expression of CREB1 in HepG2 cells activates ACC1 PII promoter and induces the production of triacylglycerol in response to arachidonic acid (AA), indicating that the effect of AA on ACC1 is possibly regulated via CREB1. (PMID:19842072)
• This study supports the hypothesis that the direct effects of some antipsychotics on hypertriglyceridemia may be at least partially mediated by the ACACA gene. (PMID:19846279)
• data suggest that insulin and glucocorticoid have positive effects on both acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha(ACC1) and beta(ACC2) gene transcription (PMID:20139635)
• show that MIG12, a 22 kDa cytosolic protein of previously unknown function, binds to ACC and lowers the threshold for citrate activation into the physiological range. (PMID:20457939)
• Human cytomegalovirus infection induces an increase in ACC1 mRNA and protein expression. (PMID:21471234)
• IGF-1 reduced ACCalpha phosphorylation via an ATM/AMPK signaling pathway and suppressed ACCalpha expression through an ERK1/2 (PMID:21638027)
• three major enzymes of the pathway, FASN, ACC, and ACLY, are up-regulated in numerous tumor types. (PMID:21726077)
• Metabolic regulation of invadopodia and invasion by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and de novo lipogenesis. (PMID:22238651)
• Exercise training increased AMPKalpha1 activity in older men, however, AMPKalpha2 activity, and the phosphorylation of AMPK, ACC and mTOR, were not affected (PMID:23000302)
• Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ACACA and ACLY genes are associated with a relative change in plasma triglycierides following fish oil supplementation. (PMID:23886516)
• Phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase protein expression correlates with tumor grade and the disease stage in gastric cancer. (PMID:24924473)
• ACAT1, ACACA, ALDH6A1 and MTHFD1 represent novel biomarkers in adipose tissue associated with type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. (PMID:25099943)
• ACACA may constitute a previously unrecognized target for novel anti-breast cancer stem cell therapies. (PMID:25246709)
• ACC1 and ACLY regulate the levels of ETV4 under hypoxia via increased alpha-ketoglutarate. These results reveal that the ACC1/ACLY-alpha-ketoglutarate-ETV4 axis is a novel means by which metabolic states regulate transcriptional output (PMID:26452058)
• Cetuximab-mediated activation of AMPK and subsequent phosphorylation and inhibition of ACC is followed by a compensatory increase in total ACC, which rewires cancer metabolism from glycolysis-dependent to lipogenesis-dependent. (PMID:27693630)
• acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and senescence regulation in human fibroblasts involves oxidant mediated p38 MAPK activation (PMID:27983949)
• Inhibition of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and 2 (ACC2) Reduces Proliferation and De Novo Lipogenesis of EGFRvIII Human Glioblastoma Cells (PMID:28081256)
• These data showed that ACC1 gene (ACACA) expression was twofold greater in HCC compared to non-cancerous liver. (PMID:28290443)
• of ACCs decreased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations in liver due to reduced malonyl-CoA, which is required for elongation of essential fatty acids. (PMID:28768177)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	acaca	ENSDARG00000078512
mus_musculus	Acaca	ENSMUSG00000020532
rattus_norvegicus	Acaca	ENSRNOG00000034013

Paralogs (4): ACACB (ENSG00000076555), MCCC1 (ENSG00000078070), PC (ENSG00000173599), PCCA (ENSG00000175198)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:108451) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 23 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
decreased liver triglyceride level	2
abnormal liver physiology	1
abnormal lipid level	1
increased circulating free fatty acids level	1
hyperglycemia	1
decreased embryo size	1
embryonic growth arrest	1
abnormal glucose homeostasis	1
increased circulating insulin level	1
abnormal lipid homeostasis	1
decreased susceptibility to hepatic steatosis	1
abnormal T cell physiology	1
decreased circulating free fatty acids level	1
decreased circulating ketone body level	1
embryonic growth retardation	1
decreased T cell number	1
decreased fatty acids level	1
increased circulating aspartate transaminase level	1
embryonic lethality during organogenesis	1
decreased memory T cell number	1
embryonic lethality between implantation and somite formation, complete penetrance	1
abnormal lipid metabolism	1
decreased liver enzyme/coenzyme activity	1

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Escherichia coli K-12	P24182	99.8%	Diamond
Escherichia coli O157:H7	Q8X9B6	99.8%	Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae JAY291	C7GRE4	99.7%	Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118	C8ZF72	99.7%	Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	P32874	99.7%	Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae YJM789	A6ZMR9	99.6%	Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae RM11-1a	B3LM95	99.6%	Diamond
Aspergillus terreus	O93918	99.6%	Diamond
Aspergillus terreus NIH2624	Q0CLK1	99.6%	Diamond
Ovis aries	Q28559	99.4%	Diamond
Bos taurus	Q9TTS3	99.4%	Diamond
Populus trichocarpa	B9HBA8	94.1%	Diamond
Aspergillus niger	Q9HES8	93.3%	Diamond
Gallus gallus	P11029	92.7%	Diamond
Caenorhabditis elegans	Q19842	91.3%	Diamond
Arabidopsis thaliana	F4I1L3	90.2%	Diamond
Mycobacterium leprae TN	P46392	86.0%	Diamond
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	P96890	86.0%	Diamond
Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20	P43873	82.1%	Diamond
Komagataella pastoris	P78992	81.9%	Diamond
Ogataea angusta	Q8X1T3	81.9%	Diamond
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus str. Delta H	O27939	76.9%	Diamond
Archaeoglobus fulgidus DSM 4304	O30019	76.9%	Diamond
Allochromatium vinosum DSM 180	O52058	75.3%	Diamond
Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6	D3DJ42	75.0%	Diamond
Oryza sativa Japonica Group	Q2QMG2	75.0%	Diamond
Lachancea kluyveri	A5H0J2	74.2%	Diamond
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	P37798	71.9%	Diamond
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii DSM 2661	Q58626	70.4%	Diamond
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-	Q9UUE1	69.4%	Diamond
Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168	O34544	69.2%	Diamond
Dictyostelium discoideum	Q54KE6	67.9%	Diamond
Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 = FACHB-418	Q06862	66.7%	Diamond
Halalkalibacterium halodurans C-125	Q9KDS9	64.6%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50	A0A0H3JRU9	64.1%	Diamond
Cryptosporiopsis sp. 8999	A0A4P8DJE6	57.4%	Diamond
Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4	P38095	45.9%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
MIR2909	ncRNA	100422969
AATF	protein-coding	26574
SNORA90	snoRNA	106635523
C17orf78	protein-coding	284099
DUSP14	protein-coding	11072
SYNRG	protein-coding	11276
TADA2A	protein-coding	6871
LHX1-DT	ncRNA	102723471
LHX1	protein-coding	3975
MIR378J	ncRNA	102465136
DDX52	protein-coding	11056

Protein

Protein identifiers

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 — Q13085 (reviewed: Q13085)

Alternative names: Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha

All UniProt accessions (10): A0A087WVR6, A0A087WWN5, A0A087WYK6, A0A087WYS8, A0A087X0W4, A0A087X126, A0A087X2F8, A0A0C4DGT1, Q13085, Q59FY4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the first and rate-limiting step of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. This is a 2 steps reaction starting with the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the biotin carried by the biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain followed by the transfer of the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to acetyl-CoA.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer, homodimer, and homotetramer. Can form filamentous polymers. Interacts in its inactive phosphorylated form with the BRCT domains of BRCA1 which prevents ACACA dephosphorylation and inhibits lipid synthesis. Interacts with MID1IP1; interaction with MID1IP1 promotes oligomerization and increases its activity.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytosol.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in brain, placenta, skeletal muscle, renal, pancreatic and adipose tissues; expressed at low level in pulmonary tissue; not detected in the liver.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylation on Ser-1263 is required for interaction with BRCA1. Phosphorylation at Ser-80 by AMPK inactivates enzyme activity. The biotin cofactor is covalently attached to the central biotinyl-binding domain and is required for the catalytic activity.

Disease relevance. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha deficiency (ACACAD) [MIM:613933] An autosomal recessive inborn error of de novo fatty acid synthesis associated with severe brain damage, persistent myopathy and poor growth. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Activity regulation. Inhibited by phosphorylation. Citrate promotes oligomerization of the protein into filaments that correspond to the most active form of the carboxylase. Inhibited by palmitoyl-CoA.

Cofactor. Binds 2 magnesium or manganese ions per subunit.

Domain organisation. Consists of an N-terminal biotin carboxylation/carboxylase (BC) domain that catalyzes the ATP-dependent transient carboxylation of the biotin covalently attached to the central biotinyl-binding/biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain. The C-terminal carboxyl transferase (CT) domain catalyzes the transfer of the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA.

Pathway. Lipid metabolism; malonyl-CoA biosynthesis; malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA: step 1/1.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q13085-1	1	yes
Q13085-2	2, E5A
Q13085-3	3, E5B
Q13085-4	4

RefSeq proteins (5): NP_942131, NP_942133, NP_942134, NP_942135, NP_942136 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000089	Biotin_lipoyl	Domain
IPR001882	Biotin_BS	Binding_site
IPR005479	CPAse_ATP-bd	Domain
IPR005481	BC-like_N	Domain
IPR005482	Biotin_COase_C	Domain
IPR011053	Single_hybrid_motif	Homologous_superfamily
IPR011054	Rudment_hybrid_motif	Homologous_superfamily
IPR011761	ATP-grasp	Domain
IPR011762	COA_CT_N	Domain
IPR011763	COA_CT_C	Domain
IPR011764	Biotin_carboxylation_dom	Domain
IPR013537	AcCoA_COase_cen	Domain
IPR013815	ATP_grasp_subdomain_1	Homologous_superfamily
IPR016185	PreATP-grasp_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR029045	ClpP/crotonase-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR034733	AcCoA_carboxyl_beta	Domain
IPR049074	ACCA_BT	Domain
IPR049076	ACCA	Family

Pfam: PF00289, PF00364, PF01039, PF02785, PF02786, PF08326, PF21385

Enzyme classification (BRENDA)

• EC 6.4.1.2 — acetyl-CoA carboxylase (BRENDA: 88 organisms, 133 substrates, 705 inhibitors, 131 Km, 13 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

10 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 10. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
ACETYL-COA	0.0002–1.2	39
ATP	0.015–0.5	38
HCO3-	0.3–12.8	27
MALONYL-COA	0.016–0.75	5
PROPIONYL-COA	0.045–0.144	4
BIOCYTIN	10–70	2
BIOTIN	0.1–3	2
BUTYRYL-COA	0.099–0.143	2
ACETODETHIO-COA	1.25	1
MG2+	0.83	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

• hydrogencarbonate + acetyl-CoA + ATP = malonyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:11308)

UniProt features (306 total): strand 92, helix 92, sequence conflict 38, turn 25, modified residue 25, binding site 12, mutagenesis site 8, domain 5, splice variant 3, sequence variant 3, chain 1, region of interest 1, active site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

10 structures by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
2YL2	Crystal structure of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, biotin carboxylase (BC) domain	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
8XKZ	Core region of the citrate-induced human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 filament (ACC1-citrate)	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.55
8XL1	Core region of the human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 filament in complex with acetyl-CoA …	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.57
8XL2	Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 filament in complex with acetyl-CoA (ACC1-inact)	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.73
4ASI	Crystal structure of human ACACA C-terminal domain	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
3COJ	Crystal Structure of the BRCT Domains of Human BRCA1 in Complex with a Phosphorylated …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.21
8XL0	Citrate-induced filament of human acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (ACC1-citrate)	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.14
6G2H	Filament of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and BRCT domains of BRCA1 (ACC-BRCT) core at 4.6 A …	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.6
6G2D	Citrate-induced acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC-Cit) filament at 5.4 A resolution	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	5.4
6G2I	Filament of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and BRCT domains of BRCA1 (ACC-BRCT) at 5.9 A …	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	5.9

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q13085-F1	83.05	0.41

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Ligase, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Disease related genes, Potential drug targets

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): cytosol; actin filaments; nucleoli fibrillar center

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH approved · IF supported

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1)

Position	Role
441

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (12)

Position	Role
424	Mn(2+)
437	Mg(2+)
437	Mn(2+)
439	Mg(2+)
439	Mn(2+)
1823	CoA
2127	CoA
2129	CoA
315–320	ATP
424	Mg(2+)

Post-translational modifications (25)

Type	Positions
N-acetylmethionine	1
Phosphoserine	5, 23, 25, 29, 34, 48, 50, 53, 78, 80, 488, 835, 1201, 1216, 1218, 1259, 1263, 1273
Phosphothreonine	58, 610, 1227, 2153
N6-biotinyllysine	786
N6-acetyllysine	1334

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (8)

Position	Phenotype
78	no effect on interaction with brca1.
344	no effect on interaction with brca1.
432	no effect on interaction with brca1.
1201	no effect on interaction with brca1.
1263	abolishes interaction with brca1.
1585	no effect on interaction with brca1.
1952	no effect on interaction with brca1.
2211	no effect on interaction with brca1.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

6 curated (TAS) of 18; 5 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

18 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-3371599	Defective HLCS causes multiple carboxylase deficiency ⚕	curated
R-HSA-2426168	Activation of gene expression by SREBF (SREBP)	curated
R-HSA-196780	Biotin transport and metabolism	curated
R-HSA-200425	Carnitine shuttle	curated
R-HSA-163765	ChREBP activates metabolic gene expression	curated
R-HSA-75105	Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis	curated
R-HSA-3323169	Defects in biotin (Btn) metabolism ⚕	—
R-HSA-3296482	Defects in vitamin and cofactor metabolism ⚕	—
R-HSA-1643685	Disease ⚕	—
R-HSA-5668914	Diseases of metabolism ⚕	—
R-HSA-8978868	Fatty acid metabolism	—
R-HSA-163685	Integration of energy metabolism	—
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism	—
R-HSA-556833	Metabolism of lipids	—
R-HSA-8957322	Metabolism of steroids	—
R-HSA-196854	Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors	—
R-HSA-196849	Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors	—
R-HSA-1655829	Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by SREBP (SREBF)	—

MSigDB gene sets: 360 (showing top): GGGACCA_MIR133A_MIR133B, YAATNRNNNYNATT_UNKNOWN, HNF3ALPHA_Q6, GOBP_PROTEIN_HOMOTETRAMERIZATION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PROSTAGLANDIN_E, TGCTGCT_MIR15A_MIR16_MIR15B_MIR195_MIR424_MIR497, MIDORIKAWA_AMPLIFIED_IN_LIVER_CANCER, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_LIPID, AAGTCCA_MIR422B_MIR422A, TTTGTAG_MIR520D, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_PROSTAGLANDIN_STIMULUS, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_PHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, ACTGCAG_MIR173P, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (9): acetyl-CoA metabolic process (GO:0006084), fatty acid biosynthetic process (GO:0006633), fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process (GO:0046949), protein homotetramerization (GO:0051289), malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process (GO:2001295), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), fatty acid metabolic process (GO:0006631), acyl-CoA metabolic process (GO:0006637), lipid biosynthetic process (GO:0008610)

GO Molecular Function (8): acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity (GO:0003989), ATP binding (GO:0005524), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), catalytic activity (GO:0003824), protein binding (GO:0005515), ligase activity (GO:0016874)

GO Cellular Component (2): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), cytosol (GO:0005829)

Reactome top-level categories

12 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism	3
Fatty acid metabolism	2
Metabolism of lipids	2
Integration of energy metabolism	1
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors	1
Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by SREBP (SREBF)	1
Defects in biotin (Btn) metabolism	1
Metabolism of steroids	1
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors	1
Diseases of metabolism	1
Defects in vitamin and cofactor metabolism	1
Disease	1

GO top-level categories

31 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
acyl-CoA biosynthetic process	2
lipid metabolic process	2
cytoplasm	2
acyl-CoA metabolic process	1
fatty acid metabolic process	1
lipid biosynthetic process	1
monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process	1
fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process	1
fatty acid derivative biosynthetic process	1
protein homooligomerization	1
protein tetramerization	1
malonyl-CoA metabolic process	1
primary metabolic process	1
monocarboxylic acid metabolic process	1
nucleoside phosphate metabolic process	1
sulfur compound metabolic process	1
purine-containing compound metabolic process	1
biosynthetic process	1
CoA carboxylase activity	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
anion binding	1
protein binding	1
cation binding	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
molecular_function	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 3 of 19 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

3 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
cytosol	CC	direct assay
acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity	MF	direct assay
identical protein binding	MF	physical interaction

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 2,832 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ACACA	FASN	P49327	940
ACACA	SCD	O00767	878
ACACA	SREBF1	P36956	860
ACACA	CPT1A	P50416	846
ACACA	ACLY	P53396	807
ACACA	HLCS	P50747	790
ACACA	HMGCR	P04035	741
ACACA	ACSL1	P33121	737
ACACA	DGAT1	O75907	730
ACACA	ACOX1	Q15067	720
ACACA	ELOVL6	Q9H5J4	718
ACACA	PPARA	Q07869	718
ACACA	DGAT2	Q96PD7	711
ACACA	PPARG	P37231	702
ACACA	MLXIPL	Q9NP71	700

IntAct

Human interaction partners of ACACA in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

14 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
SIRT1	physical association	0.590	2
AKR1B10	physical association	0.560	4
EGLN3	association	0.530	1
BRCA1	physical association	0.520	2
PIN1	colocalization	0.460	9
RPL27A	physical association	0.400	1
PCNA	physical association	0.370	1
OAS2	association	0.350	1
ATXN1	physical association	0.000	1
CHGB	physical association	0.000	1
CIAO1	physical association	0.000	1
ILK	physical association	0.000	1
MCC	physical association	0.000	1
MYC	physical association	0.000	1

BioGRID (557 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): BRCA1 (Affinity Capture-Western; 12 records), RNF180 (Affinity Capture-Western; 5 records), ACACB (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), ADRBK1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), AKR1B10 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), AURKA (Negative Genetic; 2 records), C12orf49 (Negative Genetic; 2 records), C20orf195 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), CCNF (Proximity Label-MS; 2 records), CD274 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), COPB1 (Co-fractionation; 2 records), CSNK1A1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), CUL3 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), DCAF6 (Proximity Label-MS; 2 records), EGFR (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records)

SIGNOR signaling

18 signaling interactions:

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
AMPK	down-regulates	ACACA	phosphorylation
ACACA	down-regulates	“Food intake”
citrate(3-)	“up-regulates activity”	ACACA	binding
ACACA	“down-regulates quantity”	acetyl-CoA	“chemical modification”
ACACA	“up-regulates quantity”	malonyl-CoA	“chemical modification”
AMPK	“down-regulates activity”	ACACA	phosphorylation
PPP4C	“up-regulates activity”	ACACA	dephosphorylation
SREBF1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	ACACA	“transcriptional regulation”
COP1	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	ACACA	ubiquitination
TRIB3	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	ACACA	binding
PRKAA2	down-regulates	ACACA	phosphorylation
MLXIPL	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	ACACA	“transcriptional regulation”
PRKAA1	“down-regulates activity”	ACACA	phosphorylation
CSNK2A1	unknown	ACACA	phosphorylation
CSNK2A2	unknown	ACACA	phosphorylation
MID1IP1	“up-regulates activity”	ACACA	binding
BRCA1	“down-regulates activity”	ACACA	binding
PRKACA	“down-regulates activity”	ACACA	phosphorylation

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for ACACA: 480 ClinVar records (4 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 2 GWAS associations. Per-variant detail is on Sugi Variant.

ClinVar

480 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	4
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	224
Likely benign	152
Benign	41

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (4)

Showing all 4 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic ClinVar records, ranked by ClinVar review status (expert panel → multiple submitters → single submitter), then by number of submitting labs.

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification	Review	Submitters
160879	GRCh38/hg38 17q12(chr17:36357258-37889296)x3	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	2
625612	GRCh37/hg19 17q12(chr17:34848678-36194230)	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
929346	GRCh37/hg19 17q12(chr17:34815551-36244358)x3	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
2443957	NM_198834.3(ACACA):c.4969G>A (p.Ala1657Thr)	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided	1

Per-variant reference — Sugi Variant

Explore ACACA’s pathogenic and likely-pathogenic variants individually — each with its ClinVar classification and conditions, applied ACMG criteria (ClinGen expert panel, where curated), the calibrated in-silico predictors (AlphaMissense, REVEL, SaProt, conservation), gnomAD frequency, and the predictor-disagreement QC signal — on Sugi Variant.

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 42 predictions of 4,940):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
17:37088936–37088937	donor_loss	1.0000	5
17:37096994–37096995	donor_loss	1.0000	5
17:37097167–37097168	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
17:37097171	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:37097828–37097829	donor_loss	1.0000	3
17:37111529–37111530	donor_loss	1.0000	5
17:37113267	acceptor_loss	1.0000	3
17:37121353–37121354	donor_loss	1.0000	5
17:37121491–37121492	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
17:37130073–37130074	donor_loss	1.0000	5

AlphaMissense

6,100 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 15,734 scored), across 1,393 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
M785	9	0.933	0.997
M1875	9	0.879	0.975
M787	9	0.878	0.980
M1236	9	0.874	0.999
M1495	9	0.868	0.984
M1483	9	0.858	0.991
M1147	9	0.796	0.982
D1367	8	0.998	0.999
D946	8	0.997	0.999
F1182	8	0.997	1.000
D1418	8	0.997	0.999
D1600	8	0.996	0.999
H559	8	0.995	0.999
F561	8	0.995	1.000
F1104	8	0.995	1.000
D1132	8	0.995	0.998
D1455	8	0.994	0.999
H1140	8	0.993	0.999
H1188	8	0.993	1.000
F936	8	0.992	1.000

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

1 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	9.72e-07

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:200350 | disease phenotypes: MIM:613933

GenCC curated gene-disease

1 curated gene-disease records:

Disease	Classification	Inheritance	Records
acetyl-coa carboxylase deficiency	Moderate	Autosomal recessive	2

Genomics England panels (PanelApp)

Clinical diagnostic gene panels including this gene (6 panels, 6 green/diagnostic-grade). Confidence: green = diagnostic, amber = moderate.

6 panels:

Panel	Rating
Hypotonic infant	green
Intellectual disability	green
Leukodystrophy, childhood onset	green
Likely inborn error of metabolism	green
Paediatric disorders	green
Unexplained death in infancy and sudden unexplained death in childhood	green

Mondo (1): acetyl-coa carboxylase deficiency (MONDO:0013493)

HPO phenotypes

7 phenotypes (HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0001252	Hypotonia
HP:0001263	Global developmental delay
HP:0001510	Growth delay
HP:0002151	Increased circulating lactate concentration
HP:0003198	Myopathy
HP:6000430	Reduced tissue acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity

GWAS associations

2 associations:

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST011494_17	Daytime nap	5e-22
GCST001941_16	Ovarian cancer	8e-10

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

1 canonical traits:

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007828	daytime rest measurement

MeSH disease descriptors

1 disease descriptors:

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C562678	Acetyl-Coa Carboxylase Deficiency *(supp.)*

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL3351 (SINGLE PROTEIN), CHEMBL3885507 (PROTEIN FAMILY)

Drugs acting on a complex or family that includes this protein

Curated ChEMBL mechanism-of-action drugs whose target is a protein complex or family of ≤10 members that includes ACACA — the drug acts on the assembly or class, not necessarily on this subunit alone.

4 drugs via a complex or family:

Drug	Target (ChEMBL)	Members	Max phase
OLUMACOSTAT GLASARETIL	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	2	3
CLESACOSTAT	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	2	2
FIRSOCOSTAT	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	2	2
PF-05175157	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	2	2

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

Phase ≥1, by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 3,150 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

4 molecules by phase:

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL3545313	BEMPEDOIC ACID	4	839
CHEMBL4567446	CLESACOSTAT	2	775
CHEMBL3407547	FIRSOCOSTAT	2	1,258
CHEMBL3359265	PF-05175157	2	278

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — Carboxylases

Most potent curated ligand interactions (5 total), top 5:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
firsocostat	Negative	8.68	pIC50
compound 21 [PMID: 23981033]	Inhibition	8.0	pIC50
clesacostat	Inhibition	7.91	pIC50
CP-640186	Inhibition	6.39	pIC50
TOFA	Inhibition	4.91	pIC50

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

624 measured of 761 human assays (762 total across all organisms); most potent 50 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value	Patent
CHEMBL6171288	IC50	0.22 nM
2-[1-[(2R)-2-[[(3aR,6aS)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methyl-propionic acid	IC50	0.23 nM	US-12428432: Thienopyrimidine derivatives having stereo configurations and use thereof in medicine
CHEMBL4875701	EC50	0.3 nM
CHEMBL6161060	IC50	0.32 nM
CHEMBL6149358	IC50	0.33 nM
2-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methylpropanamide	IC50	0.37 nM	US-10995099: Compounds and their uses as ACC inhibitors
2-[1-[2-[[(3aR,6aS)-5-methylsulfonyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a-octahydropentalen-2-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	0.47 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
(R)-3-((1-(2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)ethyl)-5-methyl-6-(oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxa-1,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-3(2H)-yl)methyl)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	IC50	0.487 nM	US-12384798: ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid	IC50	0.49 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
CHEMBL6146650	IC50	0.52 nM
CHEMBL4073202	IC50	0.58 nM
2-[1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-yl)oxyethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4aH-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-1-ium-3-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid	IC50	0.63 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[2-[[(3aR,6aS)-5-cyclopropyl-5-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	0.67 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	IC50	0.68 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
(R)-2-(3-(1-(2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)ethyl)-5-methyl-6-(oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-3(2H)-yl)cyclobutyl)acetic acid	IC50	0.688 nM	US-12384798: ACC inhibitor and use thereof
3-[1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	IC50	0.69 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[2-[1-(cyclopropanecarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]oxy-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4aH-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-1-ium-3-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid	IC50	0.7 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
CHEMBL6164037	IC50	0.71 nM
CHEMBL4060253	IC50	0.76 nM
CHEMBL6174786	IC50	0.79 nM
2-[1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(2-methylsulfonyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenteno[c]pyrrole-5-yl)oxy]ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	0.81 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
2-((1R,3R)-3-(1-((R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)ethyl)-5-methyl-6-(oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-3(4H)-yl)cyclobutyl)acetic acid	IC50	0.836 nM	US-12384798: ACC inhibitor and use thereof
CHEMBL6143782	IC50	0.85 nM
3-methoxy-4-[1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]benzoic acid	IC50	0.87 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[2-[[(3aR,6aS)-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	0.88 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
2-[1-[2-[[(3aR,6aS)-5-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	0.89 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
CHEMBL4874989	EC50	0.9 nM
4-[4-(2-tert-butyl-4-oxospiro[5,7-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-6,4’-piperidine]-1’-carbonyl)-6-(dimethylamino)-2-pyridinyl]benzamide	IC50	0.9 nM	US-20240109915: NOVEL ACC INHIBITORS
2-[1-[2-(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4aH-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-1-ium-3-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid	IC50	0.91 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[2-[[(3aS,6aR)-5-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a-octahydropentalen-2-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	0.93 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
CHEMBL6168887	IC50	0.95 nM
CHEMBL4085633	IC50	0.96 nM
CHEMBL4086127	IC50	0.96 nM
CHEMBL4864719	EC50	1 nM
CHEMBL4875627	EC50	1 nM
CHEMBL4859704	EC50	1 nM
CHEMBL4861716	EC50	1 nM
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	IC50	1 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[(2R)-2-[[(3aS,6aS)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methyl-propionic acid	IC50	1.09 nM	US-12428432: Thienopyrimidine derivatives having stereo configurations and use thereof in medicine
CHEMBL6166957	IC50	1.1 nM
CHEMBL6173125	IC50	1.1 nM
3-[1-(cyclopropanecarbonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	IC50	1.12 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-((1S,3S)-3-(1-((R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)ethyl)-5-methyl-6-(oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-3(4H)-yl)cyclobutyl)acetic acid	IC50	1.12 nM	US-12384798: ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[2-[[(1S,3S,5R)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	1.21 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-3-[1-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	IC50	1.22 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
CHEMBL4777068	IC50	1.3 nM
CHEMBL5411569	IC50	1.3 nM
2-tert-butyl-1’-(4-chloro-5-methyl-1H-indazole-7-carbonyl)spiro[5,7-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-6,4’-piperidine]-4-one	IC50	1.3 nM	US-20240109915: NOVEL ACC INHIBITORS
3-(1-ethylsulfonylazetidin-3-yl)-1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	IC50	1.35 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[(2R)-2-[[(3aR,6aR)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methyl-propionic acid	IC50	1.42 nM	US-12428432: Thienopyrimidine derivatives having stereo configurations and use thereof in medicine

ChEMBL bioactivities

782 potent at pChembl≥5 of 802 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
9.66	IC50	0.22	nM	CHEMBL6171288
9.52	EC50	0.3	nM	CHEMBL4875701
9.49	IC50	0.32	nM	CHEMBL6161060
9.48	IC50	0.33	nM	CHEMBL6149358
9.43	IC50	0.37	nM	CHEMBL6012286
9.33	IC50	0.47	nM	CHEMBL5918349
9.31	IC50	0.49	nM	FIRSOCOSTAT
9.30	IC50	0.5	nM	FIRSOCOSTAT
9.28	IC50	0.52	nM	CHEMBL6146650
9.24	IC50	0.58	nM	CHEMBL4073202
9.20	IC50	0.63	nM	CHEMBL5923261
9.17	IC50	0.67	nM	CHEMBL5768893
9.17	IC50	0.68	nM	CHEMBL5814783
9.16	IC50	0.69	nM	CHEMBL5840411
9.15	IC50	0.7	nM	CHEMBL5986273
9.15	IC50	0.71	nM	CHEMBL6164037
9.14	IC50	0.73	nM	CHEMBL5814783
9.12	IC50	0.76	nM	CHEMBL4060253
9.10	IC50	0.79	nM	CHEMBL6174786
9.09	IC50	0.81	nM	CHEMBL5788250
9.07	IC50	0.85	nM	CHEMBL6143782
9.06	IC50	0.88	nM	CHEMBL5963413
9.06	IC50	0.87	nM	CHEMBL5991352
9.05	EC50	0.9	nM	CHEMBL4874989
9.05	IC50	0.9	nM	CHEMBL5404551
9.05	IC50	0.89	nM	CHEMBL5900123
9.04	IC50	0.91	nM	CHEMBL5856218
9.03	IC50	0.93	nM	CHEMBL5769140
9.02	IC50	0.96	nM	CHEMBL4085633
9.02	IC50	0.96	nM	CHEMBL4086127
9.02	IC50	0.95	nM	CHEMBL6168887
9.00	EC50	1	nM	CHEMBL4864719
9.00	EC50	1	nM	CHEMBL4875627
9.00	EC50	1	nM	CHEMBL4859704
9.00	EC50	1	nM	CHEMBL4861716
9.00	IC50	1	nM	CHEMBL5997686
8.98	IC50	1.05	nM	CHEMBL6173125
8.96	IC50	1.1	nM	CHEMBL6166957
8.95	IC50	1.12	nM	CHEMBL5922268
8.92	IC50	1.21	nM	CHEMBL5791009
8.91	IC50	1.22	nM	CHEMBL5926678
8.89	IC50	1.29	nM	CHEMBL4777068
8.89	IC50	1.3	nM	CHEMBL5435853
8.89	IC50	1.3	nM	CHEMBL5411569
8.87	IC50	1.35	nM	CHEMBL6057395
8.86	IC50	1.37	nM	CHEMBL5997686
8.85	IC50	1.43	nM	CHEMBL5889718
8.85	IC50	1.43	nM	CHEMBL5890205
8.85	IC50	1.43	nM	CHEMBL5757590
8.83	IC50	1.48	nM	CHEMBL6039150

PubChem BioAssay actives

486 with measured affinity, of 737 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0002	uM
2-[1-[(2R)-2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(1S,5R)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]oxy]ethyl]-5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-6-(triazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)sulfonylpropanamide	1760081: Inhibition of ACC1 in human HepG2 cells assessed as lipid content using 13C-labelled acetate as substrate incubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured after 24 hrs by QTOF mass spectrometer	ec50	0.0003	uM
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)oxy-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0003	uM
1-(fluoromethyl)-3-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0003	uM
2-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methylpropanamide	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0004	uM
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)oxyethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0005	uM
2-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0005	uM
[(2S)-1-[[2-[4-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenoxy]phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]oxy]propan-2-yl]urea	1472479: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 expressed in SF-9 cells preincubated for 60 mins followed by addition of substrate solution containing acetyl-CoA after 30 mins by measuring malonyl 13C3-CoA by RapidFire mass spectrometry	ic50	0.0006	uM
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0007	uM
N-[1-[2-[6-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenoxy]-3-pyridinyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl]ethyl]acetamide	1472481: Inhibition of ACC1 in human HCT116 cells assessed as reduction of [14C]acetate uptake preincubated for 60 mins followed by addition of [14C]acetate and measured after 2 hrs by scintillation counting analysis	ic50	0.0008	uM
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0008	uM
1-[[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]methyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0008	uM
1-[1-[(2R)-2-[2-(difluoromethoxy)-5-fluorophenyl]-2-[[(1S,5R)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]oxy]ethyl]-5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-6-(triazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)sulfonylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide	1760081: Inhibition of ACC1 in human HepG2 cells assessed as lipid content using 13C-labelled acetate as substrate incubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured after 24 hrs by QTOF mass spectrometer	ec50	0.0009	uM
4-[4-(2-tert-butyl-4-oxospiro[5,7-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-6,4’-piperidine]-1’-carbonyl)-6-(dimethylamino)-2-pyridinyl]benzamide	1985719: Inhibition of full length human recombinant ACC1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells incubated for 18 hrs in presence of ATP by envision fluorescence reader analysis	ic50	0.0009	uM
1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-3-[1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azetidin-3-yl]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0009	uM
N-[(2S)-1-[[2-[4-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenoxy]phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]oxy]propan-2-yl]acetamide	1472479: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 expressed in SF-9 cells preincubated for 60 mins followed by addition of substrate solution containing acetyl-CoA after 30 mins by measuring malonyl 13C3-CoA by RapidFire mass spectrometry	ic50	0.0010	uM
N-[(2S)-1-[[2-[6-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenoxy]-3-pyridinyl]-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]oxy]propan-2-yl]acetamide	1472479: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 expressed in SF-9 cells preincubated for 60 mins followed by addition of substrate solution containing acetyl-CoA after 30 mins by measuring malonyl 13C3-CoA by RapidFire mass spectrometry	ic50	0.0010	uM
(2R)-2-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(1S,5R)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]oxy]ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)sulfonylpropanamide	1760081: Inhibition of ACC1 in human HepG2 cells assessed as lipid content using 13C-labelled acetate as substrate incubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured after 24 hrs by QTOF mass spectrometer	ec50	0.0010	uM
2-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(1S,5R)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]oxy]ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)sulfonylpropanamide	1760081: Inhibition of ACC1 in human HepG2 cells assessed as lipid content using 13C-labelled acetate as substrate incubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured after 24 hrs by QTOF mass spectrometer	ec50	0.0010	uM
1-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(1S,5R)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]oxy]ethyl]-5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-6-(triazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)sulfonylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide	1760081: Inhibition of ACC1 in human HepG2 cells assessed as lipid content using 13C-labelled acetate as substrate incubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured after 24 hrs by QTOF mass spectrometer	ec50	0.0010	uM
2-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(1S,5R)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]oxy]ethyl]-5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-6-(triazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)sulfonylpropanamide	1760081: Inhibition of ACC1 in human HepG2 cells assessed as lipid content using 13C-labelled acetate as substrate incubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured after 24 hrs by QTOF mass spectrometer	ec50	0.0010	uM
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxamide	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0010	uM
1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-3-[1-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0011	uM
1’-[2-(4-aminophenyl)quinoline-4-carbonyl]-2-tert-butylspiro[6H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	1729093: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged ACC1 (1 to 2383 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 60 mins by ADP-glo luminescence assay	ic50	0.0013	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-(4-chloro-5-methyl-1H-indazole-7-carbonyl)spiro[5,7-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-6,4’-piperidine]-4-one	1985719: Inhibition of full length human recombinant ACC1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells incubated for 18 hrs in presence of ATP by envision fluorescence reader analysis	ic50	0.0013	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-(4-chloro-5-methoxy-1H-indole-7-carbonyl)spiro[5,7-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-6,4’-piperidine]-4-one	1985719: Inhibition of full length human recombinant ACC1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells incubated for 18 hrs in presence of ATP by envision fluorescence reader analysis	ic50	0.0013	uM
1-[2-[6-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenoxy]-3-pyridinyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl]ethylurea	1611142: Inhibition of recombinant human His-tagged ACC1 expressed in baculovirus infected SF9 cells using acetyl-CoA as substrate incubated for 60 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins Rapidfire-Mass spectrometry	ic50	0.0015	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[5-methoxy-2-(methylamino)quinoline-7-carbonyl]spiro[5,7-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-6,4’-piperidine]-4-one	1985719: Inhibition of full length human recombinant ACC1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells incubated for 18 hrs in presence of ATP by envision fluorescence reader analysis	ic50	0.0015	uM
3-[1-(1H-imidazole-2-carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0015	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[8-methyl-2-(methylamino)quinoline-3-carbonyl]spiro[5,7-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-6,4’-piperidine]-4-one	1985719: Inhibition of full length human recombinant ACC1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells incubated for 18 hrs in presence of ATP by envision fluorescence reader analysis	ic50	0.0018	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-(propylamino)quinoline-7-carbonyl]spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767840: Inhibition of human ACC1 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0018	uM
3-[1-[2-[6-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenoxy]-3-pyridinyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl]ethyl]-1,1-dimethylurea	1611142: Inhibition of recombinant human His-tagged ACC1 expressed in baculovirus infected SF9 cells using acetyl-CoA as substrate incubated for 60 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins Rapidfire-Mass spectrometry	ic50	0.0021	uM
1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-3-[1-(pyridine-2-carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0021	uM
N-[1-[2-[4-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenoxy]phenyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl]ethyl]acetamide	1472481: Inhibition of ACC1 in human HCT116 cells assessed as reduction of [14C]acetate uptake preincubated for 60 mins followed by addition of [14C]acetate and measured after 2 hrs by scintillation counting analysis	ic50	0.0022	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-(4-methylphenyl)quinoline-4-carbonyl]spiro[6H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	1729093: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged ACC1 (1 to 2383 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 60 mins by ADP-glo luminescence assay	ic50	0.0022	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-(7-ethoxy-1,3-dimethylindazole-5-carbonyl)spiro[5,7-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-6,4’-piperidine]-4-one	1985719: Inhibition of full length human recombinant ACC1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells incubated for 18 hrs in presence of ATP by envision fluorescence reader analysis	ic50	0.0022	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-(methylamino)quinoline-7-carbonyl]spiro[4,6-dihydroindazole-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	725837: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC1	ic50	0.0022	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]quinoline-4-carbonyl]spiro[6H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	1729093: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged ACC1 (1 to 2383 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 60 mins by ADP-glo luminescence assay	ic50	0.0027	uM
5-[1’-(1-cyclopropyl-4-methoxy-3-methylindole-6-carbonyl)-4-oxospiro[3H-chromene-2,4’-piperidine]-6-yl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid	1546893: Inhibition of ACC1 (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0030	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)quinoline-4-carbonyl]spiro[6H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	1729093: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged ACC1 (1 to 2383 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 60 mins by ADP-glo luminescence assay	ic50	0.0032	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)quinoline-4-carbonyl]spiro[6H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	1729093: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged ACC1 (1 to 2383 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 60 mins by ADP-glo luminescence assay	ic50	0.0036	uM
1-[1-[2-[6-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenoxy]-3-pyridinyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl]ethyl]-3-methylurea	1611142: Inhibition of recombinant human His-tagged ACC1 expressed in baculovirus infected SF9 cells using acetyl-CoA as substrate incubated for 60 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins Rapidfire-Mass spectrometry	ic50	0.0038	uM
N-[4-[2-[4-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenoxy]phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]butan-2-yl]acetamide	1472479: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 expressed in SF-9 cells preincubated for 60 mins followed by addition of substrate solution containing acetyl-CoA after 30 mins by measuring malonyl 13C3-CoA by RapidFire mass spectrometry	ic50	0.0049	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-(dimethylamino)quinoline-7-carbonyl]spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767840: Inhibition of human ACC1 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0050	uM
1’-(6-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonyl)-1-propan-2-ylspiro[4,6-dihydroindazole-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	725837: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC1	ic50	0.0050	uM
3-(1-benzoylazetidin-3-yl)-1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	2262885: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0054	uM
1’-[2-(4-bromophenyl)quinoline-4-carbonyl]-2-tert-butylspiro[6H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	1729093: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged ACC1 (1 to 2383 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 60 mins by ADP-glo luminescence assay	ic50	0.0057	uM
N-[(2S)-1-[[2-[5-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenoxy]-2-pyridinyl]-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]oxy]propan-2-yl]acetamide	1472479: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC1 expressed in SF-9 cells preincubated for 60 mins followed by addition of substrate solution containing acetyl-CoA after 30 mins by measuring malonyl 13C3-CoA by RapidFire mass spectrometry	ic50	0.0058	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-(2-phenylquinoline-4-carbonyl)spiro[6H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	1729093: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged ACC1 (1 to 2383 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 60 mins by ADP-glo luminescence assay	ic50	0.0060	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-(methylamino)quinoline-7-carbonyl]spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767840: Inhibition of human ACC1 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0060	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

185 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases phosphorylation, increases expression, decreases expression (+1 more)	9
bisphenol A	increases expression, decreases expression, decreases reaction	7
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases reaction, decreases activity, decreases reaction (+1 more)	7
Valproic Acid	decreases expression, affects reaction, increases expression, affects expression, affects methylation	7
T0901317	decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases phosphorylation, decreases expression	6
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects methylation	5
Oleic Acid	decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction, affects cotreatment	5
Palmitic Acid	decreases phosphorylation, decreases reaction, increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	5
AICA ribonucleotide	increases expression, increases phosphorylation	4
Cisplatin	affects expression, decreases expression	4
Glucose	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases reaction, increases reaction, increases phosphorylation (+2 more)	4
Metformin	decreases reaction, increases phosphorylation, decreases expression, increases expression	4
sodium arsenite	increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	3
Arsenic	increases abundance, increases expression, affects methylation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases phosphorylation	3
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	3
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression, decreases phosphorylation, increases abundance, increases expression	3
nuciferine	increases expression, decreases reaction	2
arsenite	affects binding, decreases reaction, increases reaction, increases methylation	2
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	affects expression, decreases expression	2
perfluorooctanoic acid	decreases expression, decreases phosphorylation, increases expression	2
caryophyllene	affects reaction, decreases reaction, increases phosphorylation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
cordycepin	decreases expression	2
6,8-diallyl 5,7-dihydroxy 2-(2-allyl 3-hydroxy 4-methoxyphenyl)1-H benzo(b)pyran-4-one	increases phosphorylation, decreases reaction, increases reaction, decreases activity	2
STO 609	decreases reaction, increases phosphorylation	2
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo(2,1-b)(1,3)thiazole-5-carbaldehyde O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime	decreases expression, increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
fatostatin	decreases phosphorylation, increases reaction, decreases expression, increases response to substance	2
bisphenol AF	increases expression	2
Sunitinib	decreases phosphorylation, increases expression	2

ChEMBL screening assays

71 unique, capped per target: 71 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1048878	Binding	Inhibition of human recombinant ACC 1 expressed in baculovirus expression system by FAS-coupled assay	Potent biphenyl- and 3-phenyl pyridine-based inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. — *Bioorg Med Chem Lett*

Cellosaurus cell lines

5 cell lines: 5 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_D1V2	Abcam A-549 ACACA KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D1ZQ	Abcam HCT 116 ACACA KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D9X5	Ubigene HeLa ACACA KO	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_SB13	HAP1 ACACA (-) 1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_SB14	HAP1 ACACA (-) 2	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

51 trials:

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02562170	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Protexa® Versus TiLoopBra® in Immediate Breast Reconstruction- A Pilot Study
NCT00673335	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Letrozole in Preventing Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women With a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation
NCT00685256	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Standard Genetic Counseling With or Without a Decision Guide in Improving Communication Between Mothers Undergoing BRCA1/2 Testing and Their Minor-Age Children
NCT03162276	Phase 3	UNKNOWN	Trial of Inquiry Based Stress Reduction (IBSR) Program for BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
NCT00253539	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Arzoxifene or Tamoxifen in Preventing Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer
NCT00305695	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Zoledronate or Observation in Maintaining Bone Mineral Density in Patients Who Are Undergoing Surgery to Remove Both Ovaries
NCT00321633	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Carboplatin or Docetaxel in Treating Women With Metastatic Genetic Breast Cancer
NCT01333748	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Search Allelic Imbalance of Expression of BRCA Genes in Hereditary Risk of Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer
NCT01367639	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Trial of Inquiry Based Stress Reduction (IBSR) Program for BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
NCT00535119	Phase 1	COMPLETED	Veliparib, Carboplatin, and Paclitaxel in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Cancer
NCT00892736	Phase 1	COMPLETED	Veliparib in Treating Patients With Malignant Solid Tumors That Do Not Respond to Previous Therapy
NCT03832985	Early Phase 1	COMPLETED	Pediatric Reporting of Adult-Onset Genomic Results
NCT00005095	Not specified	RECRUITING	Specimen and Data Study for Ovarian Cancer Early Detection and Prevention
NCT00609505	Not specified	COMPLETED	Telemedicine vs. Face-to-Face Cancer Genetic Counseling
NCT01273909	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Outcomes After Perforator Flap Reconstruction for Breast Reconstruction and/or Lymphedema Treatment
NCT01445275	Not specified	WITHDRAWN	Cost of Cancer Risk Management in Women at Elevated Genetic Risk for Ovarian Cancer Who Participated on GOG-0199
NCT01608074	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Radical Fimbriectomy for Young BRCA Mutation Carriers
NCT02087592	Not specified	COMPLETED	Feasibility of Lifestyle Intervention in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
NCT02302742	Not specified	RECRUITING	Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Germline Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Mutation Carrier Registry
NCT02324062	Not specified	COMPLETED	Cancer Genetics Hereditary Cancer Panel Testing
NCT02516540	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Efficacy of Lifestyle Intervention in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
NCT02653105	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Women at Risk of Breast Cancer and OLFM4
NCT02705924	Not specified	TERMINATED	Impact of a Psychoeducational Intervention on Expectations and Coping in Young Women Exposed to a High HBOC Risk
NCT02760849	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Surgery in Preventing Ovarian Cancer in Patients With Genetic Mutations
NCT02786147	Not specified	COMPLETED	Identification and Referral of Women at Risk for Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer
NCT02956681	Not specified	COMPLETED	Statewide Communication to Reach Diverse Low Income Women
NCT03015376	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Inherited Susceptible Genes Among Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
NCT03050268	Not specified	RECRUITING	Familial Investigations of Childhood Cancer Predisposition
NCT03075540	Not specified	COMPLETED	Enhancing At-risk Latina Women’s Use of Genetic Counseling for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
NCT03124212	Not specified	RECRUITING	Cascade Genetic Testing for Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer and Lynch Syndrome in Switzerland
NCT03246841	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Investigation of Tumour Spectrum of Germline Mutations in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Genes.
NCT03294343	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Risk-Reducing Surgeries for Hereditary Ovarian Cancer
NCT03421327	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Risk: Whether, When, and How to Tell Adolescents
NCT03510689	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetics and Heart Health After Cancer Therapy
NCT03511690	Not specified	COMPLETED	Testing an Intelligent Tutoring System to Enhance Genetic Risk Assessment
NCT03784859	Not specified	COMPLETED	Tissue Expansion in Breast Reconstruction Without Drains
NCT03979612	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of the Adhesion to the GENEPY Network
NCT04197856	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Direct Information to At-risk Relatives
NCT04407611	Not specified	COMPLETED	Scalable Communication Modalities for Returning Genetic Research Results
NCT04508764	Not specified	TERMINATED	Implementation of the Families Accelerating Cascade Testing Toolkit (FACTT) for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Lynch Syndrome
NCT04544501	Not specified	COMPLETED	Enhance the Use of Genetic Counseling and Testing in Latinas
NCT04668521	Not specified	TERMINATED	Multifactorial Risk Assessment for Breast & Ovarian Cancer Risk Detection
NCT05130606	Not specified	RECRUITING	CONTIGO - A Narrative Intervention to Enhance Genetic Counseling and Testing
NCT05306002	Not specified	COMPLETED	Nutritional Intervention and DNA Damage of Patients With HBOC
NCT05409222	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Study of Quality of Life Post Salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA1/2 & PALB2 Mutation Carriers (BRCA-HRT)
NCT05677048	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Feasibility Study: IGNITE-TX (Identifying Individuals for Genetic Testing & Treatment) Intervention
NCT05721326	Not specified	COMPLETED	Sequential EHR Based Interventions to Increase Genetic Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Predisposition
NCT06892275	Not specified	RECRUITING	The FYI on MRI: A Multilevel Decision Support Intervention for Screening Breast MRI
NCT06914726	Not specified	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Patient Centered Clinical Decision Support for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes
NCT07039552	Not specified	RECRUITING	Development and Validation of an Ovarian Cancer Risk Prediction Model for Family Members of Ovarian Cancer Probands
NCT07236359	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Evaluation of Well Being and Patient Reported Outcomes After Robotic Single-port Nipple Sparing Mastectomy and Implant Reconstruction

Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for ACACA across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.