ACACB

Summary

ACACB (acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta, HGNC:85) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q24.11, encoding Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (O00763). Mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA and plays a central role in fatty acid metabolism.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. ACC-beta is thought to control fatty acid oxidation by means of the ability of malonyl-CoA to inhibit carnitine-palmitoyl-CoA transferase I, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid uptake and oxidation by mitochondria. ACC-beta may be involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, rather than fatty acid biosynthesis.

Source: NCBI Gene 32 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): isolated cleft palate (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 12
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 574 total (top 6% of genes corpus-wide)
• Regional missense constraint (gnomAD): 1 of 3 regions constrained (≈1% of expected missense variation)
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 29 tissues, sQTL in 8 (q < 0.05)
• Drug target: yes — 4 via a complex or family; 4 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.00 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 0.84 (unconstrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001093
• Interaction hub: 1,978 STRING partners (top 8% of genes corpus-wide)
• Notable: 574 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:85
Approved symbol	ACACB
Name	acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta
Location	12q24.11
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	HACC275, ACC2, ACCB, ACC-beta, ACCbeta, ACACbeta
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000076555
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	601557
Entrez	32

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 18 — 8 protein_coding, 7 retained_intron, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

MANE Select: ENST00000338432

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 2, TSL 2: 1, TSL 3: 9, TSL 4: 1, TSL 5: 2

ENST00000338432, ENST00000377848, ENST00000377854, ENST00000396233, ENST00000534852, ENST00000536440, ENST00000537279, ENST00000537347, ENST00000538526, ENST00000539864, ENST00000542524, ENST00000543080, ENST00000544651, ENST00000544726, ENST00000546328, ENST00001114101, ENST00001114102, ENST00001142479

RefSeq mRNA: 9 — MANE Select: NM_001093 NM_001093, NM_001412734, NM_001412735, NM_001412736, NM_001412737, NM_001412738, NM_001412739, NM_001412741, NM_001412742

CCDS: CCDS31898

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000338432 — 53 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000410836	109237165	109237380
ENSE00000754740	109233748	109233847
ENSE00000754741	109233938	109234045
ENSE00000754742	109235313	109235369
ENSE00000754743	109235606	109235647
ENSE00000754745	109241078	109241281
ENSE00000754752	109253015	109253158
ENSE00000754753	109254214	109254334
ENSE00000754755	109256140	109256236
ENSE00000754756	109258268	109258364
ENSE00000754757	109258973	109259108
ENSE00000834688	109247606	109247703
ENSE00001507550	109242437	109242592
ENSE00002235090	109116587	109116704
ENSE00002248873	109216796	109216920
ENSE00002312587	109216618	109216706
ENSE00002318749	109266236	109268226
ENSE00002414906	109239830	109239985
ENSE00003466998	109265389	109265525
ENSE00003559754	109232669	109232806
ENSE00003598675	109264232	109264386
ENSE00003607535	109265110	109265280
ENSE00003633552	109252046	109252156
ENSE00003648656	109262357	109262469
ENSE00003666060	109245626	109245748
ENSE00003674468	109260480	109260657
ENSE00003681964	109176153	109176263
ENSE00003692777	109249984	109250104
ENSE00003711752	109179917	109180087
ENSE00003712327	109246179	109246448
ENSE00003713917	109179088	109179297
ENSE00003715175	109185579	109185740
ENSE00003715301	109227371	109227489
ENSE00003716931	109222507	109222620
ENSE00003717197	109171805	109171914
ENSE00003722000	109191847	109191950
ENSE00003725709	109139397	109140058
ENSE00003726799	109166861	109166993
ENSE00003728112	109212836	109212936
ENSE00003729382	109172275	109172356
ENSE00003729412	109222799	109222912
ENSE00003731216	109187999	109188162
ENSE00003732315	109223815	109223904
ENSE00003732419	109193648	109193729
ENSE00003733707	109175931	109176040
ENSE00003737429	109199402	109199552
ENSE00003737693	109209165	109209353
ENSE00003745712	109167896	109168034
ENSE00003745866	109191613	109191763
ENSE00003748551	109174132	109174230
ENSE00003754435	109197008	109197153
ENSE00003754629	109201567	109201701
ENSE00003754769	109206710	109206856

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 288 present calls, max score 99.00.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 19.1992 / max 2046.7781, expressed in 957 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): tendon of biceps brachii, adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, mucosa of stomach, renal medulla.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

ACACB is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 29 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 8 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 37 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	eqtl	1.6e-59	-0.40	12:109154678:T:C
Thyroid	eqtl	7.0e-28	-0.36	12:109112798:A:G
Testis	eqtl	1.3e-27	+0.58	12:109267806:A:G
Whole Blood	eqtl	1.2e-21	-0.42	12:109154678:T:C
Pancreas	eqtl	1.5e-20	+0.37	12:109139930:C:T
Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes	eqtl	1.1e-12	-0.67	12:109154678:T:C
Colon Sigmoid	eqtl	3.5e-10	-0.22	12:109242198:T:A
Lung	eqtl	2.5e-08	-0.23	12:109137386:A:G
Heart Atrial Appendage	eqtl	5.5e-06	-0.14	12:109242198:T:A
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	eqtl	2.1e-05	-0.11	12:109428805:CT:C
Liver	eqtl	2.6e-05	-0.25	12:109203773:G:C
Esophagus Muscularis	eqtl	1.0e-04	-0.15	12:109242198:T:A
Artery Tibial	eqtl	2.0e-04	-0.13	12:109154753:C:G
Nerve Tibial	eqtl	2.3e-04	-0.24	12:109132129:C:T
Testis	sqtl	3.4e-04	+0.38	12:109266520:C:T
Adrenal Gland	eqtl	4.1e-04	-0.29	12:109130476:G:A
Esophagus Muscularis	sqtl	5.3e-04	+0.27	12:109242198:T:A
Muscle Skeletal	eqtl	6.4e-04	+0.08	12:109124430:A:G
Kidney Cortex	eqtl	1.5e-03	+1.64	12:108968090:A:C
Adipose Visceral Omentum	sqtl	1.5e-03	-0.48	12:109207167:G:T

FANTOM5 promoters

showing 10 of 21 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
127929	9.1512	174
127930	3.9813	160
127935	2.8392	731
127933	0.5175	270
127928	0.4740	80
127925	0.4437	59
127936	0.3080	152
127927	0.2362	51
127924	0.2344	57
127922	0.2338	46

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 295 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	99.00	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	98.17	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	98.05	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	97.81	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	97.64	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	97.62	gold quality
connective tissue	UBERON:0002384	97.59	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	97.52	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	97.48	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	97.46	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	97.36	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	96.71	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	96.66	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	96.56	gold quality
medial globus pallidus	UBERON:0002477	95.82	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	95.66	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	95.35	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	95.06	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	95.03	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	95.01	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	94.96	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	94.91	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	94.85	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	94.83	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	94.79	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	94.72	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	94.43	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	94.37	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	94.32	gold quality
globus pallidus	UBERON:0001875	94.26	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	94.23	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	94.21	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	94.18	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	94.12	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	94.12	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	94.07	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	93.89	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	93.83	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	93.76	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	93.69	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	93.67	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	93.58	gold quality
mammary gland	UBERON:0001911	93.57	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	93.50	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	93.21	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	93.01	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	92.92	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	92.91	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	92.88	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	92.53	silver quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	92.31	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	92.30	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	92.19	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	91.97	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	91.91	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	91.70	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	91.67	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	91.61	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	91.41	gold quality
cranial nerve II	UBERON:0000941	91.29	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	91.28	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	91.14	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	91.11	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	91.10	gold quality
inferior olivary complex	UBERON:0002127	90.97	gold quality
sigmoid colon	UBERON:0001159	90.91	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	90.89	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	90.86	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	90.72	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	90.70	gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	UBERON:0002870	90.68	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	90.30	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	90.29	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	90.28	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	90.00	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	89.93	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	89.89	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	89.61	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	89.60	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	89.57	gold quality
mammary duct	UBERON:0001765	89.44	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	89.44	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	89.38	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	89.36	gold quality
epithelium of mammary gland	UBERON:0003244	89.36	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	89.33	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	89.31	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	89.17	gold quality
large intestine	UBERON:0000059	88.91	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	88.89	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	88.73	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	88.64	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	88.57	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	88.53	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	88.52	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	88.46	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	88.33	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	88.30	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	88.29	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	88.15	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-2	yes	11146.67
E-ANND-3	yes	9.04
E-HCAD-25	yes	4.94

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enhanced

showing 60 of 77 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Adipose tissue	tissue	171.9	high
Choroid plexus	tissue	72.1
Tongue	tissue	57.4
Skeletal muscle	tissue	42.4	not detected
Liver	tissue	37.5	medium
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	30.2
Hippocampus	tissue	29.6	not detected
Locus coeruleus	tissue	29.0
Pancreas	tissue	18.2	low
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	17.2
Parathyroid gland	tissue	17.0	not detected
Adrenal gland	tissue	16.6	not detected
Heart muscle	tissue	15.6	not detected
Thyroid gland	tissue	12.7	low
Salivary gland	tissue	11.8	not detected
Breast	tissue	11.6	medium
Seminal vesicle	tissue	11.0	not detected
Pituitary gland	tissue	10.7
Vagina	tissue	10.5	not detected
Kidney	tissue	10.4	low
Gallbladder	tissue	10.3	not detected
Esophagus	tissue	10.0	not detected
Ovary	tissue	9.8	not detected
Colon	tissue	9.5	low
Stomach 1	tissue	9.4	not detected
Small intestine	tissue	9.1	low
Smooth muscle	tissue	8.8	not detected
Endometrium 1	tissue	8.1	not detected
Duodenum	tissue	7.9	low
Rectum	tissue	7.8	low
Fallopian tube	tissue	7.6	not detected
Prostate	tissue	7.1	not detected
Lung	tissue	6.3	not detected
Cervix	tissue	5.6	not detected
Urinary bladder	tissue	5.3	low
Spleen	tissue	5.3	not detected
Skin 1	tissue	4.8	not detected
Thymus	tissue	4.2
Lymph node	tissue	3.6	not detected
Bone marrow	tissue	3.4	not detected
Epididymis	tissue	3.3	not detected
Superior colliculi	tissue	3.1
Appendix	tissue	3.1
Testis	tissue	3.0	high
Tonsil	tissue	2.8	not detected
Placenta	tissue	2.4	not detected
Spinal cord	tissue	2.4
Retina	tissue	1.6
Substantia nigra	tissue	1.4
Frontal cortex	tissue	1.1
Pons	tissue	1.0
Medulla oblongata	tissue	1.0
Hypothalamus	tissue	1.0
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	1.0
Hippocampal formation	tissue	0.9
Midbrain	tissue	0.8
Thalamus	tissue	0.8
Septum	tissue	0.8
Amygdala	tissue	0.7
Cerebral cortex	tissue	0.6	not detected

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 189; highest nTPM — Globus pallidus, externus (60.8), Globus pallidus, internus (59.3), Periaquaductal grey, lateral (57.4), Central amygdala (56.8), Posterior thalamic nucleus (56.6).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CEBPA, MYF6, MYOD1, MYOG, NRF1, RARA, RXRA, SP1, SREBF1, USF1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting ACACB by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 82 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-7110-3P	100.00	73.18	2486
HSA-MIR-4455	100.00	65.48	1587
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-1250-3P	99.96	70.04	4038
HSA-MIR-450B-5P	99.92	71.48	3175
HSA-MIR-497-5P	99.92	71.83	2674
HSA-MIR-1305	99.91	71.43	3443
HSA-MIR-15A-5P	99.90	72.80	2787
HSA-MIR-15B-5P	99.90	72.78	2798
HSA-MIR-16-5P	99.90	72.80	2780
HSA-MIR-195-5P	99.90	72.81	2805
HSA-MIR-95-5P	99.89	72.17	3973
HSA-MIR-424-5P	99.89	71.90	2641
HSA-MIR-6838-5P	99.89	71.94	2690
HSA-MIR-548E-5P	99.89	72.73	4486
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-548AR-3P	99.85	71.26	3889
HSA-MIR-6844	99.82	70.69	2423
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-4319	99.76	69.83	2586
HSA-MIR-6745	99.74	65.33	1321
HSA-MIR-4306	99.72	70.50	3630
HSA-MIR-10393-3P	99.72	66.56	961
HSA-MIR-6801-5P	99.72	66.50	981

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 2.74e-49, LOEUF 0.843, missense Z 3.11 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD)

ENST00000338432 splits into 3 regions with different missense tolerance; 1 is missense-constrained (≈1% of the expected missense variation). Missense variants in a constrained region (low observed/expected) are more likely to be pathogenic. gnomAD

Region (GRCh38)	Missense obs / exp	o/e	Constrained
12:109,139,406–109,250,092	2265 / 2561.3	0.88	no
12:109,250,093–109,252,088	6 / 23.0	0.26	yes (p 4.0e-04)
12:109,252,089–109,266,359	579 / 684.6	0.85	no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• The Stoned proteins may regulate sustainable neurotransmission in vivo by binding to Ca(2+)-bound Synaptotagmin-1 associated synaptic vesicles. (PMID:22701718)
• binding of T4 gene 32 protein to single- and double-stranded DNA is electrostatically regulated (PMID:15994897)
• UvsW-catalyzed unwinding of recombination intermediates such as D-loops and static X-DNA (Holliday junction mimic) to ssDNA products is enhanced by the gp32 protein. (PMID:23732982)
• Gp59-DNA interactions are needed to load Gp41 onto nascent or collapsed replication forks lacking clusters of Gp32 and to coordinate bidirectional replication from T4 origins. (PMID:24338568)
• Characterization of structural and thermodynamic aspects of gp32 binding cooperativity that are central to the function of this single stranded DNA binding protein with the T4 DNA replication. (PMID:26275774)
• The results show that single gp32 molecules interact most directly and specifically near the 3’-end of these ssDNA oligomers, thus defining the polarity of gp32 binding with respect to the ssDNA lattice, and that only 2-3 nts are directly involved in this tight binding interaction. (PMID:26275775)
• the C-domain of bacteriophage T4 gene 32 protein has a role in ssDNA binding and dsDNA helix-destabilization (PMID:29634784)
• Dynamic structure of T4 gene 32 protein filaments facilitates rapid noncooperative protein dissociation. (PMID:37449435)
• The effect of a 3-month low-intensity endurance training program on fat oxidation and expression (PMID:12086953)
• elevation of AMPK via phosphorylation is not sufficient to maintain elevated ACCbeta Ser(221) phosphorylation during exercise (PMID:12413941)
• down-regulation of acetyl coa carboxylase 2 (ACC2) mRNA, induced by the lowering of plasma insulin concentration, is related to improvement of insulin sensitivity (PMID:14627750)
• differential regulation of ACCbeta gene expression between tissues (PMID:15590647)
• The expression, purification, and characterization of ACC2 were investigated. (PMID:17223360)
• observations provide complete information about the pattern and levels of LKB1 and p-ACC immunostaining in normal tissues and in lung tumors (PMID:17521700)
• Differential activation of recombinant ACC1 and ACC2 by citrate is reported. (PMID:18455495)
• Human adipose tissue, unlike rodent adipose, expresses more ACC2 mRNA relative to the oxidative tissues muscle and heart. (PMID:19190759)
• The human ACC2 CT-domain C-terminus is comprised of three intertwined alpha-helices that extend outwards from the enzyme on the opposite side to the ligand-binding site. (PMID:19390150)
• results point towards major differences in ACC tissue distribution between humans and rats (PMID:19618481)
• the crystal structures of the biotin carboxylase domain of human ACC2 phosphorylated by AMP-activated protein kinase was reported. (PMID:19900410)
• data suggest that insulin and glucocorticoid have positive effects on both acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha(ACC1) and beta(ACC2) gene transcription (PMID:20139635)
• These results suggest that ACACB is a strong candidate for conferring susceptibility for proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. (PMID:20168990)
• ACACB overexpression in renal proximal tubular epithelial cell increased proinflammatory cytokine expression, such as IL-6, at least partly by increasing mRNA stability through a p38 MAPK-dependent pathway. (PMID:20514549)
• The acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase beta (ACACB) gene is associated with nephropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. (PMID:20519229)
• This study demonstrates that NRF-1 is a novel transcriptional inhibitor of the human ACCbeta gene promoter in the mammalian heart. (PMID:20599696)
• The -368 C/T single-nucleotide polymorphism in ACACB P-II binds HepG2 nuclear proteins that affect promoter activity in an allele-specific fashion. (PMID:20799892)
• Acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta (ACC2) plays a key role in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation pathways. (PMID:20855566)
• A gene polymorphism in acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase beta may be associated with the C-reactive protein level in a prediabetic and diabetic population. (PMID:21553357)
• Common variants within the ACACB locus appear to regulate adipose gene expression (PMID:21887335)
• In conclusion, common polymorphisms of ACACB gene are associated with obesity and, independently, with type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women (PMID:21908218)
• Structure-guided inhibitor design for human acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase by interspecies active site conversion. (PMID:21953464)
• TT genotypes of ACACB gene (rs2268388) and CC genotype of AGTR1 gene (rs5186) confers the risk of diabetic nephropathy in Asian Indian patients with T2DM. (PMID:23081748)
• Its involvement in the development of diabetic nephropathy is explained by the promotion of the so-called micro-inflammation associated with the diabetic state. (PMID:23156397)
• These data support a role for ACACB in obesity and potential roles for altered lipid metabolism in susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. (PMID:23460794)
• Our meta-analysis supports that the apolipoprotein E epsilon2 allele and acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta rs2268388 C>T might act as promotion factors of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. (PMID:25262148)
• The knockdown of ACC2 reduced palmitic acid -induced autophagy and thus protects the cells from palmitic acid - induced lipotoxicity with attenuated lipid accumulation and rescued cell viability. (PMID:26022126)
• A significant association exists of ACACB gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy among Caucasian patients with diabetes. (PMID:26030797)
• PHD3 loss in cancer enables metabolic reliance on fatty acid oxidation via deactivation of ACC2. (PMID:27635760)
• Cetuximab-mediated activation of AMPK and subsequent phosphorylation and inhibition of ACC is followed by a compensatory increase in total ACC, which rewires cancer metabolism from glycolysis-dependent to lipogenesis-dependent. (PMID:27693630)
• Inhibition of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and 2 (ACC2) Reduces Proliferation and De Novo Lipogenesis of EGFRvIII Human Glioblastoma Cells (PMID:28081256)
• ACC2 gene (ACACB) expression was decreased by 25% in HCC tissue compared to non-cancerous liver tissue. (PMID:28290443)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	acacb	ENSDARG00000061994
mus_musculus	Acacb	ENSMUSG00000042010
rattus_norvegicus	Acacb	ENSRNOG00000000658
drosophila_melanogaster	ACC	FBGN0033246

Paralogs (4): MCCC1 (ENSG00000078070), PC (ENSG00000173599), PCCA (ENSG00000175198), ACACA (ENSG00000278540)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:2140940) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 27 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
abnormal lipid homeostasis	2
increased fatty acid oxidation	2
decreased heart enzyme/coenzyme level	2
decreased body weight	1
polyphagia	1
increased circulating triglyceride level	1
abnormal glucose homeostasis	1
increased circulating insulin level	1
small heart	1
increased circulating ketone body level	1
decreased circulating free fatty acids level	1
abnormal behavior	1
decreased fatty acids level	1
increased oxygen consumption	1
abnormal energy expenditure	1
decreased circulating glucose level	1
decreased circulating leptin level	1
decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue amount	1
decreased liver triglyceride level	1
decreased total body fat amount	1
decreased respiratory quotient	1
decreased liver glycogen level	1
increased skeletal muscle glycogen level	1
abnormal aerobic respiration	1
increased fatty acid beta-oxidation	1

+2 more (showing top 25).

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Escherichia coli K-12	P24182	99.8%	Diamond
Escherichia coli O157:H7	Q8X9B6	99.8%	Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae JAY291	C7GRE4	99.7%	Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118	C8ZF72	99.7%	Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	P32874	99.7%	Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae YJM789	A6ZMR9	99.6%	Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae RM11-1a	B3LM95	99.6%	Diamond
Aspergillus terreus	O93918	99.6%	Diamond
Aspergillus terreus NIH2624	Q0CLK1	99.6%	Diamond
Ovis aries	Q28559	99.4%	Diamond
Bos taurus	Q9TTS3	99.4%	Diamond
Populus trichocarpa	B9HBA8	94.1%	Diamond
Aspergillus niger	Q9HES8	93.3%	Diamond
Gallus gallus	P11029	92.7%	Diamond
Arabidopsis thaliana	F4I1L3	90.2%	Diamond
Sus scrofa	P0DTA4	88.6%	Diamond
Mycobacterium leprae TN	P46392	86.0%	Diamond
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	P96890	86.0%	Diamond
Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20	P43873	82.1%	Diamond
Komagataella pastoris	P78992	81.9%	Diamond
Ogataea angusta	Q8X1T3	81.9%	Diamond
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus str. Delta H	O27939	76.9%	Diamond
Archaeoglobus fulgidus DSM 4304	O30019	76.9%	Diamond
Allochromatium vinosum DSM 180	O52058	75.3%	Diamond
Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6	D3DJ42	75.0%	Diamond
Oryza sativa Japonica Group	Q2QMG2	75.0%	Diamond
Lachancea kluyveri	A5H0J2	74.2%	Diamond
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	P37798	71.9%	Diamond
Glycine max	Q42777	71.7%	Diamond
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii DSM 2661	Q58626	70.4%	Diamond
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-	Q9UUE1	69.4%	Diamond
Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168	O34544	69.2%	Diamond
Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 = FACHB-418	Q06862	66.7%	Diamond
Caenorhabditis elegans	O17732	65.6%	Diamond
Halalkalibacterium halodurans C-125	Q9KDS9	64.6%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50	A0A0H3JRU9	64.1%	Diamond
Cryptosporiopsis sp. 8999	A0A4P8DJE6	57.4%	Diamond
Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3	Q5LUF3	52.5%	Diamond
Dictyostelium discoideum	Q54J08	43.5%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
FOXN4	protein-coding	121643
MYO1H	protein-coding	283446
KCTD10	protein-coding	83892
UBE3B	protein-coding	89910
LINC01486	ncRNA	101928138
ALKBH2	protein-coding	121642
UNG	protein-coding	7374
USP30-AS1	ncRNA	100131733
USP30	protein-coding	84749

Protein

Protein identifiers

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 — O00763 (reviewed: O00763)

Alternative names: ACC-beta

All UniProt accessions (6): A0A087WUA1, F5H5C3, F8W8T8, O00763, H0YGH5, S4R3S7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA and plays a central role in fatty acid metabolism. Catalyzes a 2 steps reaction starting with the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the biotin carried by the biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain followed by the transfer of the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to acetyl-CoA. Through the production of malonyl-CoA that allosterically inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 at the mitochondria, negatively regulates fatty acid oxidation. Together with its cytosolic isozyme ACACA, which is involved in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, promotes lipid storage.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer, homodimer, and homotetramer. Forms filamentous polymers. Interacts with MID1IP1; interaction with MID1IP1 promotes oligomerization and increases its activity in a citrate-dependent manner.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed with highest levels in heart, skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, mammary gland, adrenal gland and colon. Isoform 3 is expressed in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver (at protein level). Isoform 3 is detected at high levels in adipose tissue with lower levels in heart, liver, skeletal muscle and testis.

Post-translational modifications. The biotin cofactor is covalently attached to the central biotinyl-binding domain and is required for the catalytic activity. Phosphorylation at Ser-222 by AMPK inactivates the enzyme. Required for the maintenance of skeletal muscle lipid and glucose homeostasis.

Activity regulation. Activity is increased by oligomerization of the protein into filaments. The oligomerization and the activity of the enzyme are inhibited by phosphorylation at Ser-222. Inhibited by its product, malonyl-CoA. Activated by citrate. Activation by MID1IP1 is citrate-dependent. Soraphen A, inhibits the enzyme by preventing the formation of active filamentous oligomers.

Cofactor. Binds 2 magnesium or manganese ions per subunit.

Domain organisation. Consists of an N-terminal biotin carboxylation/carboxylase (BC) domain that catalyzes the ATP-dependent transient carboxylation of the biotin covalently attached to the central biotinyl-binding/biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain. The C-terminal carboxyl transferase (CT) domain catalyzes the transfer of the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA.

Pathway. Lipid metabolism; malonyl-CoA biosynthesis; malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA: step 1/1.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
O00763-1	1, Long	yes
O00763-2	2, Short
O00763-3	3, ACC2.v2

RefSeq proteins (9): NP_001084, NP_001399663, NP_001399664, NP_001399665, NP_001399666, NP_001399667, NP_001399668, NP_001399670, NP_001399671 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000089	Biotin_lipoyl	Domain
IPR005479	CPAse_ATP-bd	Domain
IPR005481	BC-like_N	Domain
IPR005482	Biotin_COase_C	Domain
IPR011053	Single_hybrid_motif	Homologous_superfamily
IPR011054	Rudment_hybrid_motif	Homologous_superfamily
IPR011761	ATP-grasp	Domain
IPR011762	COA_CT_N	Domain
IPR011763	COA_CT_C	Domain
IPR011764	Biotin_carboxylation_dom	Domain
IPR013537	AcCoA_COase_cen	Domain
IPR013815	ATP_grasp_subdomain_1	Homologous_superfamily
IPR016185	PreATP-grasp_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR029045	ClpP/crotonase-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR034733	AcCoA_carboxyl_beta	Domain
IPR049074	ACCA_BT	Domain
IPR049076	ACCA	Family

Pfam: PF00289, PF00364, PF01039, PF02785, PF02786, PF08326, PF21385

Enzyme classification (BRENDA)

• EC 6.3.4.14 — biotin carboxylase (BRENDA: 52 organisms, 95 substrates, 41 inhibitors, 87 Km, 31 kcat entries)
• EC 6.4.1.2 — acetyl-CoA carboxylase (BRENDA: 88 organisms, 133 substrates, 705 inhibitors, 131 Km, 13 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

18 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
ACETYL-COA	0.0002–1.2	39
ATP	0.015–0.5	38
BIOTIN	22.7–1234	31
HCO3-	0.3–12.8	27
ATP	0.0025–21	18
HCO3-	0.37–57.5	17
ADP	0.0013–0.83	8
CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE	0.51–11.2	5
MALONYL-COA	0.016–0.75	5
PROPIONYL-COA	0.045–0.144	4
BIOCYTIN	10–70	2
BIOTIN	0.1–3	2
BUTYRYL-COA	0.099–0.143	2
BIOTIN-CARBOXYL-CARRIER PROTEIN	0.16	1
CO2	62.2	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

• hydrogencarbonate + acetyl-CoA + ATP = malonyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:11308)

UniProt features (186 total): helix 61, strand 56, modified residue 19, binding site 12, sequence conflict 8, turn 7, domain 5, sequence variant 4, compositionally biased region 3, splice variant 3, region of interest 3, mutagenesis site 2, transit peptide 1, chain 1, active site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

11 structures by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
3GLK	The biotin carboxylase (BC) domain of human Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 2 (ACC2)	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
3GID	The biotin carboxylase (BC) domain of human Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 2 (ACC2) in complex …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
3TDC	Crystal Structure of Human Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.41
2HJW	Crystal Structure of the BC domain of ACC2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
3JRX	Crystal structure of the BC domain of ACC2 in complex with soraphen A	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
3JRW	Phosphorylated BC domain of ACC2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
5KKN	Crystal structure of human ACC2 BC domain in complex with ND-646, the primary amide of …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
4HQ6	BC domain in the presence of citrate	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
3FF6	Human ACC2 CT domain with CP-640186	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.19
2DN8	Solution Structure of RSGI RUH-053, an Apo-Biotin Carboxy Carrier Protein from Human …	SOLUTION NMR
2KCC	Solution Structure of biotinoyl domain from human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O00763-F1	79.29	0.29

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Ligase, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Plasma proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH enhanced

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1)

Position	Role
584

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (12)

Position	Role
458–463	ATP
567	Mg(2+)
567	Mn(2+)
580	Mg(2+)
580	Mn(2+)
582	Mg(2+)
582	Mn(2+)
1934	CoA
2238	CoA
2240	CoA

Post-translational modifications (19)

Type	Positions
Phosphoserine	35, 91, 95, 169, 175, 192, 195, 200, 220, 222, 469, 1340, 1360, 1405
Phosphothreonine	70, 207, 753, 1342
N6-biotinyllysine	929

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2)

Position	Phenotype
277	loss of regulation of oligomerization by phosphorylation at s-222.
671	altered regulation of oligomerization by phosphorylation at s-222.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 curated (TAS) of 12; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

12 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-2426168	Activation of gene expression by SREBF (SREBP)	curated
R-HSA-196780	Biotin transport and metabolism	curated
R-HSA-200425	Carnitine shuttle	curated
R-HSA-163765	ChREBP activates metabolic gene expression	curated
R-HSA-8978868	Fatty acid metabolism	—
R-HSA-163685	Integration of energy metabolism	—
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism	—
R-HSA-556833	Metabolism of lipids	—
R-HSA-8957322	Metabolism of steroids	—
R-HSA-196854	Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors	—
R-HSA-196849	Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors	—
R-HSA-1655829	Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by SREBP (SREBF)	—

MSigDB gene sets: 255 (showing top): GOBP_LIPID_MODIFICATION, GOBP_FATTY_ACID_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LIPID_STORAGE, WANG_CLIM2_TARGETS_UP, KEGG_ADIPOCYTOKINE_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_PROTEIN_HOMOTETRAMERIZATION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_LIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DEVELOPMENTAL_GROWTH, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_GROWTH, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_HEART_GROWTH, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_PHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ACETYL_COA_METABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (16): acetyl-CoA metabolic process (GO:0006084), fatty acid biosynthetic process (GO:0006633), positive regulation of lipid storage (GO:0010884), regulation of glucose metabolic process (GO:0010906), response to nutrient levels (GO:0031667), negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation (GO:0031999), protein homotetramerization (GO:0051289), fatty acid homeostasis (GO:0055089), positive regulation of heart growth (GO:0060421), energy homeostasis (GO:0097009), malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process (GO:2001295), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), fatty acid metabolic process (GO:0006631), acyl-CoA metabolic process (GO:0006637), negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation (GO:0046322), negative regulation of lipid catabolic process (GO:0050995)

GO Molecular Function (8): acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity (GO:0003989), ATP binding (GO:0005524), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), catalytic activity (GO:0003824), protein binding (GO:0005515), ligase activity (GO:0016874)

GO Cellular Component (4): nucleus (GO:0005634), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741), cytosol (GO:0005829)

Reactome top-level categories

8 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism	3
Metabolism of lipids	2
Integration of energy metabolism	1
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors	1
Fatty acid metabolism	1
Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by SREBP (SREBF)	1
Metabolism of steroids	1
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors	1

GO top-level categories

54 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	2
cytoplasm	2
acyl-CoA metabolic process	1
fatty acid metabolic process	1
lipid biosynthetic process	1
monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process	1
regulation of lipid storage	1
lipid storage	1
positive regulation of cellular process	1
positive regulation of lipid localization	1
glucose metabolic process	1
regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process	1
regulation of small molecule metabolic process	1
response to stimulus	1
fatty acid beta-oxidation	1
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation	1
negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation	1
negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	1
protein homooligomerization	1
protein tetramerization	1
lipid homeostasis	1
positive regulation of organ growth	1
heart growth	1
regulation of heart growth	1
multicellular organismal-level homeostasis	1
acyl-CoA biosynthetic process	1
malonyl-CoA metabolic process	1
primary metabolic process	1
lipid metabolic process	1
monocarboxylic acid metabolic process	1
nucleoside phosphate metabolic process	1
sulfur compound metabolic process	1
purine-containing compound metabolic process	1
fatty acid oxidation	1
negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	1
regulation of fatty acid oxidation	1
negative regulation of catabolic process	1
lipid catabolic process	1
negative regulation of lipid metabolic process	1
regulation of lipid catabolic process	1
CoA carboxylase activity	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
anion binding	1
protein binding	1
cation binding	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
molecular_function	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
mitochondrial membrane	1
organelle outer membrane	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 6 of 28 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

6 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
acetyl-CoA metabolic process	BP	direct assay
protein homotetramerization	BP	direct assay
mitochondrion	CC	direct assay
nucleus	CC	direct assay
acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity	MF	direct assay
identical protein binding	MF	physical interaction

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 1,978 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ACACB	CPT1A	P50416	852
ACACB	FASN	P49327	839
ACACB	SCARB1	Q8WTV0	690
ACACB	ACLY	P53396	661
ACACB	ACSL1	P33121	640
ACACB	CLPP	Q16740	623
ACACB	SCD	O00767	622
ACACB	SREBF1	P36956	590
ACACB	LEP	P41159	569
ACACB	ACOX1	Q15067	559
ACACB	FABP3	P05413	552
ACACB	HMGCR	P04035	549
ACACB	PPARA	Q07869	548
ACACB	DGAT2	Q96PD7	543
ACACB	ACSS2	Q9NR19	542

IntAct

Human interaction partners of ACACB in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

showing 30 of 40 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
HLCS	enzymatic reaction	0.620	4
MID1IP1	association	0.530	2
PEX14	direct interaction	0.440	1
BCDIN3D	physical association	0.400	1
HMGA1	physical association	0.400	1
MOXD1	physical association	0.400	1
RGS1	physical association	0.400	1
BAG5	association	0.350	1
C2CD6	association	0.350	1
CDK17	association	0.350	1
CDK7	association	0.350	1
CDKL1	association	0.350	1
COP1	association	0.350	1
CSNK1G3	association	0.350	1
DAPK3	association	0.350	1
DOCK5	association	0.350	1
DUSP22	association	0.350	1
ELP3	association	0.350	1
HPCAL4	association	0.350	1
IFNE	association	0.350	1
INAVA	association	0.350	1
LGALS3BP	association	0.350	1
METTL2A	association	0.350	1
NPAP1	association	0.350	1
NPTXR	association	0.350	1
NT5DC1	association	0.350	1
NXPH3	association	0.350	1
PPARD	association	0.350	1
PPM1H	association	0.350	1
PRKG1	association	0.350	1

BioGRID (151 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): ACACA (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), CCNF (Proximity Label-MS; 2 records), HLCS (Co-crystal Structure; 2 records), MID1IP1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), RFWD2 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), RGS1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), TOPBP1 (Proximity Label-MS; 2 records), ACAA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ALS2CR11 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANKRD28 (Proximity Label-MS), ANLN (Affinity Capture-MS), ARF4 (Proximity Label-MS), ARL10 (Proximity Label-MS), ARL5A (Proximity Label-MS), ATG16L1 (Proximity Label-MS)

SIGNOR signaling

showing 7 of 8 signaling interactions:

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
PRKAA2	“down-regulates activity”	ACACB	phosphorylation
ACACB	“down-regulates quantity”	acetyl-CoA	“chemical modification”
ACACB	“up-regulates quantity”	malonyl-CoA	“chemical modification”
COP1	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	ACACB	ubiquitination
TRIB3	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	ACACB	binding
MID1IP1	“up-regulates activity”	ACACB	binding
TFEB	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	ACACB	“transcriptional regulation”

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 40 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
protein phosphorylation	6	11.3×	4e-03

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for ACACB: 574 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 12 GWAS associations.

ClinVar

574 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	400
Likely benign	77
Benign	32

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 32 predictions of 4,339):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
12:109166950	donor_gain	1.0000
12:109166994–109166995	donor_loss	1.0000	4
12:109167894–109167895	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
12:109168035–109168036	donor_loss	1.0000	5
12:109171798	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:109171915–109171916	donor_loss	1.0000	5
12:109180088–109180089	donor_loss	1.0000	5
12:109188149	donor_gain	1.0000
12:109191611–109191612	acceptor_gain	1.0000	2
12:109191611–109191612	acceptor_loss	1.0000	3

AlphaMissense

5,740 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 16,205 scored), across 1,466 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
M1986	9	0.878	0.981
M609	9	0.841	0.991
D303	8	0.994	0.998
H702	8	0.986	0.997
F674	8	0.984	0.999
F684	8	0.982	0.998
D697	8	0.982	0.996
F704	8	0.981	0.998
D1719	8	0.979	0.990
F1325	8	0.978	0.998
D1537	8	0.978	0.994
D1574	8	0.978	0.996
F287	8	0.977	0.997
F1079	8	0.973	0.998
D1794	8	0.970	0.991
F700	8	0.969	0.997
H693	8	0.968	0.994
F1541	8	0.965	0.995
D2166	8	0.965	0.993
D520	8	0.964	0.989

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Cancer enhanced (Kidney Chromophobe)

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

5 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (validation)	favorable	2.19e-05
Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	5.48e-05
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	0.000116
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	0.000251
Thyroid Carcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	0.000314

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:601557 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

1 curated gene-disease records:

Disease	Classification	Inheritance	Records
isolated cleft palate	Limited	Unknown

Mondo (1): isolated cleft palate (MONDO:0007336)

GWAS associations

12 associations:

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST90013406_19	Liver enzyme levels (alkaline phosphatase)	9e-28
GCST010142_53	Fish- and plant-related diet	2e-19
GCST010135_28	Oily fish consumption	7e-17
GCST010140_4	Pork consumption	7e-17
GCST010142_72	Fish- and plant-related diet	4e-13
GCST010142_60	Fish- and plant-related diet	5e-13
GCST010135_36	Oily fish consumption	6e-11
GCST010140_12	Pork consumption	6e-11
GCST010244_228	Triglyceride levels	1e-9
GCST012477_2	Invasive cervical cancer	3e-9
GCST006613_107	Triglycerides	3e-8
GCST010142_93	Fish- and plant-related diet	4e-8

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

3 canonical traits:

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement
EFO:0008111	diet measurement
EFO:0004533	alkaline phosphatase measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL3885507 (PROTEIN FAMILY), CHEMBL4829 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Drugs acting on a complex or family that includes this protein

Curated ChEMBL mechanism-of-action drugs whose target is a protein complex or family of ≤10 members that includes ACACB — the drug acts on the assembly or class, not necessarily on this subunit alone.

4 drugs via a complex or family:

Drug	Target (ChEMBL)	Members	Max phase
OLUMACOSTAT GLASARETIL	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	2	3
CLESACOSTAT	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	2	2
FIRSOCOSTAT	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	2	2
PF-05175157	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	2	2

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

Phase ≥1, by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 3,150 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

4 molecules by phase:

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL3545313	BEMPEDOIC ACID	4	839
CHEMBL4567446	CLESACOSTAT	2	775
CHEMBL3407547	FIRSOCOSTAT	2	1,258
CHEMBL3359265	PF-05175157	2	278

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — Carboxylases

Most potent curated ligand interactions (7 total), top 7:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
compound 2e [PMID: 31900320]	Inhibition	8.72	pIC50
compound 21 [PMID: 23981033]	Inhibition	8.4	pIC50
firsocostat	Negative	8.21	pIC50
A-908292	Inhibition	7.64	pIC50
clesacostat	Inhibition	7.6	pIC50
CP-640186	Inhibition	7.42	pIC50
TOFA	Inhibition	4.91	pIC50

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

3704 measured of 4061 human assays (4141 total across all organisms); most potent 50 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value	Patent
CHEMBL6171288	IC50	0.22 nM
2-[1-[(2R)-2-[[(3aR,6aS)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methyl-propionic acid	IC50	0.23 nM	US-12428432: Thienopyrimidine derivatives having stereo configurations and use thereof in medicine
CHEMBL6161060	IC50	0.32 nM
CHEMBL6149358	IC50	0.33 nM
2-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methylpropanamide	IC50	0.37 nM	US-10995099: Compounds and their uses as ACC inhibitors
2-[1-[2-[[(3aR,6aS)-5-methylsulfonyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a-octahydropentalen-2-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	0.47 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
(R)-3-((1-(2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)ethyl)-5-methyl-6-(oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxa-1,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-3(2H)-yl)methyl)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	IC50	0.487 nM	US-12384798: ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid	IC50	0.49 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
CHEMBL6146650	IC50	0.52 nM
CHEMBL4073202	IC50	0.58 nM
2-[1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-yl)oxyethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4aH-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-1-ium-3-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid	IC50	0.63 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[2-[[(3aR,6aS)-5-cyclopropyl-5-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	0.67 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	IC50	0.68 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
(R)-2-(3-(1-(2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)ethyl)-5-methyl-6-(oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-3(2H)-yl)cyclobutyl)acetic acid	IC50	0.688 nM	US-12384798: ACC inhibitor and use thereof
3-[1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	IC50	0.69 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
CHEMBL6164037	IC50	0.71 nM
CHEMBL4060253	IC50	0.76 nM
CHEMBL6174786	IC50	0.79 nM
2-[1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(2-methylsulfonyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenteno[c]pyrrole-5-yl)oxy]ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	0.81 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
2-((1R,3R)-3-(1-((R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)ethyl)-5-methyl-6-(oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-3(4H)-yl)cyclobutyl)acetic acid	IC50	0.836 nM	US-12384798: ACC inhibitor and use thereof
CHEMBL6143782	IC50	0.85 nM
3-methoxy-4-[1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]benzoic acid	IC50	0.87 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[2-[[(3aR,6aS)-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	0.88 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
2-[1-[2-(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4aH-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-1-ium-3-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid	IC50	0.91 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
CHEMBL6168887	IC50	0.95 nM
CHEMBL4085633	IC50	0.96 nM
CHEMBL4086127	IC50	0.96 nM
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	IC50	1 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[(2R)-2-[[(3aS,6aS)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methyl-propionic acid	IC50	1.09 nM	US-12428432: Thienopyrimidine derivatives having stereo configurations and use thereof in medicine
CHEMBL6166957	IC50	1.1 nM
CHEMBL6173125	IC50	1.1 nM
3-[1-(cyclopropanecarbonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	IC50	1.12 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-((1S,3S)-3-(1-((R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)ethyl)-5-methyl-6-(oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-3(4H)-yl)cyclobutyl)acetic acid	IC50	1.12 nM	US-12384798: ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[2-[[(1S,3S,5R)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	1.21 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-3-[1-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	IC50	1.22 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
3-(1-ethylsulfonylazetidin-3-yl)-1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	IC50	1.35 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[(2R)-2-[[(3aR,6aR)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methyl-propionic acid	IC50	1.42 nM	US-12428432: Thienopyrimidine derivatives having stereo configurations and use thereof in medicine
2-[1-[2-[[(3aR,6aS)-5,5-difluoro-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	1.43 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
2-[1-[2-[[(3aR,6aS)-5-cyano-5-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	1.43 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
2-fluoro-3-[1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]benzoic acid	IC50	1.48 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
CHEMBL4528475	IC50	1.5 nM
CHEMBL6169460	IC50	1.5 nM
2-[1-[2-[[(2S,3aS,6aR)-4,5-dihydroxy-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a-octahydropentalen-2-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	1.55 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
2-[1-[2-[[(3aS,6aR)-5-(cyanomethyl)-5-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl]oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	1.56 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
3-[1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]benzoic acid	IC50	1.57 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[2-[(5-cyano-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a-octahydropentalen-2-yl)oxy]-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	1.64 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
3-[1-(1H-imidazole-2-carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-1-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-4a,7a-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	IC50	1.69 nM	US-11186587: Compound as ACC inhibitor and use thereof
2-[1-[2-(3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenteno[c]furan5-oxy)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-5-methyl-6-oxazol-2-yl-2,4-dioxo-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic acid	IC50	1.76 nM	US-10759812: Thienopyrimidine derivative and use thereof in medicine
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-(propylamino)quinoline-7-carbonyl]spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	IC50	1.8 nM	US-8993586: N1/N2-lactam acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors
N-[(2S)-1-[4-(6-cyclobutyloxy-4,7-difluoro-1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)oxycyclohexyl]oxypropan-2-yl]acetamide	IC50	2 nM	US-10150728: Alkylene derivatives

ChEMBL bioactivities

4258 potent at pChembl≥5 of 4326 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
9.68	IC50	0.21	nM	CHEMBL1089882
9.52	IC50	0.3	nM	CHEMBL1089883
9.51	IC50	0.31	nM	CHEMBL1091996
9.00	IC50	1	nM	CHEMBL3699916
8.96	IC50	1.1	nM	CHEMBL2419600
8.95	IC50	1.13	nM	CHEMBL5768893
8.89	IC50	1.3	nM	CHEMBL2323626
8.82	IC50	1.5	nM	CHEMBL2419589
8.77	IC50	1.7	nM	CHEMBL2419600
8.77	IC50	1.7	nM	FIRSOCOSTAT
8.77	IC50	1.7	nM	CHEMBL2419598
8.77	IC50	1.7	nM	CHEMBL3699930
8.76	IC50	1.72	nM	CHEMBL3699929
8.75	IC50	1.76	nM	CHEMBL5788250
8.74	IC50	1.8	nM	CHEMBL3699918
8.72	IC50	1.9	nM	CHEMBL3699881
8.72	IC50	1.9	nM	CHEMBL4225405
8.70	IC50	2	nM	CHEMBL5825494
8.70	IC50	2	nM	CHEMBL6059087
8.68	IC50	2.1	nM	CHEMBL2323628
8.68	IC50	2.1	nM	CHEMBL3699871
8.68	IC50	2.1	nM	CHEMBL3699886
8.68	IC50	2.1	nM	CHEMBL3699903
8.68	IC50	2.1	nM	CHEMBL4229067
8.66	IC50	2.2	nM	CHEMBL3699914
8.66	IC50	2.19	nM	CHEMBL5918349
8.64	IC50	2.3	nM	CHEMBL2419589
8.62	IC50	2.4	nM	CHEMBL3699889
8.62	IC50	2.4	nM	CHEMBL3699893
8.62	IC50	2.4	nM	CHEMBL3699915
8.60	IC50	2.5	nM	CHEMBL3699925
8.59	IC50	2.6	nM	CHEMBL2419597
8.59	IC50	2.6	nM	CHEMBL3699913
8.59	IC50	2.6	nM	FIRSOCOSTAT
8.57	IC50	2.7	nM	CHEMBL3699873
8.57	IC50	2.7	nM	CHEMBL3699924
8.57	IC50	2.7	nM	CHEMBL3699927
8.56	IC50	2.74	nM	CHEMBL5791009
8.55	IC50	2.81	nM	CHEMBL6149358
8.54	IC50	2.9	nM	CHEMBL2323629
8.54	IC50	2.9	nM	CHEMBL3699921
8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL2419593
8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL221169
8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL4557289
8.52	Kd	3	nM	CHEMBL540678
8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL5923446
8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL5835621
8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL5744755
8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL6031375
8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL6034807

PubChem BioAssay actives

640 with measured affinity, of 763 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
6-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-1’-[2-(1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)-3H-benzimidazole-5-carbonyl]spiro[3H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyridine-2,4’-piperidine]-4-one	476841: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2 expressed in CHO cells after 1 hr by fluorescence reader	ic50	0.0002	uM
1’-(7-methyl-1H-indazole-5-carbonyl)-6-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)spiro[3H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyridine-2,4’-piperidine]-4-one	476841: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2 expressed in CHO cells after 1 hr by fluorescence reader	ic50	0.0003	uM
6-methoxy-1’-(7-methyl-1H-indazole-5-carbonyl)spiro[3H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyridine-2,4’-piperidine]-4-one	476841: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2 expressed in CHO cells after 1 hr by fluorescence reader	ic50	0.0003	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-(methylamino)quinoline-7-carbonyl]spiro[4,6-dihydroindazole-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	725836: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2	ic50	0.0013	uM
2-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid	1195663: In vitro inhibition of human recombinant His-tagged ACC2 assessed as malonyl-CoA level	ic50	0.0017	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-(propylamino)quinoline-7-carbonyl]spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767839: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0017	uM
N-[(E,2S)-4-[6-[(7-chloro-2-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)oxy]-3-pyridinyl]but-3-en-2-yl]acetamide	1393080: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 assessed as reduction in conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA incubated for 1 to 3 hrs with substrate by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis	ic50	0.0019	uM
N-[(E,2S)-4-[6-[(7-fluoro-2-propan-2-yl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)oxy]-3-pyridinyl]but-3-en-2-yl]acetamide	1393080: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 assessed as reduction in conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA incubated for 1 to 3 hrs with substrate by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis	ic50	0.0021	uM
1’-(6-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonyl)-1-propan-2-ylspiro[4,6-dihydroindazole-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	725836: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2	ic50	0.0021	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-(dimethylamino)quinoline-7-carbonyl]spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767839: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0023	uM
1-(fluoromethyl)-3-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	2262886: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0028	uM
5-(7-oxo-1-propan-2-ylspiro[4,6-dihydroindazole-5,4’-piperidine]-1’-carbonyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide	725836: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2	ic50	0.0029	uM
N-[(1S)-1-[3-[2-(4-propan-2-yloxyphenoxy)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]ethyl]acetamide	280225: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2 expressed in SF9 cells	ic50	0.0030	uM
5-[1’-(1-cyclopropyl-4-methoxy-3-methylindole-6-carbonyl)-4-oxospiro[3H-chromene-2,4’-piperidine]-6-yl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid	1546894: Inhibition of ACC2 (unknown origin)	ic50	0.0030	uM
[(1R,2S,5S,10S,11R,12E,14S,15S,16S,17S,18R)-1,17-dihydroxy-10,18-dimethoxy-2,14,16-trimethyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-4,19-dioxabicyclo[13.3.1]nonadec-12-en-11-yl] 3-(2,2-difluoro-10,12-dimethyl-1-aza-3-azonia-2-boranuidatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-3,5,7,9,11-pentaen-4-yl)propanoate	426474: Binding affinity to human His-tagged acetyl-CoA-carboxylase biotin carboxylase domain	kd	0.0030	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-(3-chloro-1H-indole-6-carbonyl)spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767839: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0030	uM
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	2262886: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0037	uM
N-[4-[2-(4-propoxyphenoxy)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]but-3-yn-2-yl]acetamide	276641: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2	ic50	0.0040	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-(2-methoxyquinoline-7-carbonyl)spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767839: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0040	uM
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)oxyethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	2262886: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0041	uM
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	2262886: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0041	uM
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)oxy-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-1-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	2262886: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0042	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[2-(methylamino)quinoline-7-carbonyl]spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767839: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0042	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-(1-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carbonyl)spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767839: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0042	uM
N-[(E,2S)-4-[6-[(7-chloro-2-propan-2-yl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)oxy]-3-pyridinyl]but-3-en-2-yl]acetamide	1393080: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 assessed as reduction in conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA incubated for 1 to 3 hrs with substrate by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis	ic50	0.0043	uM
1-[3-[4-[(5S)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-oxa-9-azaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]piperidine-1-carbonyl]-6-methylthieno[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methylurea	662187: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-coA as substrate incubated for 60 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by malachite green assay	ic50	0.0044	uM
2-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methylpropanamide	2262886: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0044	uM
1’-(7-methyl-1H-indazole-5-carbonyl)-5-propan-2-yloxyspiro[3H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyridine-2,4’-piperidine]-4-one	476841: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2 expressed in CHO cells after 1 hr by fluorescence reader	ic50	0.0045	uM
1’-(7-methyl-1H-indazole-5-carbonyl)-6-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)spiro[3H-chromene-2,4’-piperidine]-4-one	476841: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2 expressed in CHO cells after 1 hr by fluorescence reader	ic50	0.0045	uM
1’-(3,7-dimethyl-2H-indazole-5-carbonyl)-2-(2-methylbutan-2-yl)spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767839: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0045	uM
1-[3-[4-(1,3-dioxospiro[5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyridazine-2,3’-piperidine]-1’-yl)piperidine-1-carbonyl]-7-methoxy-1-benzothiophen-2-yl]-3-ethylurea	672140: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-coA as substrate incubated for 60 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by malachite green assay	ic50	0.0049	uM
N-[4-[2-[4-(cyclopentylmethoxy)phenoxy]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]but-3-yn-2-yl]acetamide	276641: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2	ic50	0.0050	uM
4-[6-(dimethylamino)-4-(7-oxo-1-propan-2-ylspiro[4,6-dihydroindazole-5,4’-piperidine]-1’-carbonyl)-2-pyridinyl]benzoic acid	1675564: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 using acetyl coA as substrate incubated for 1 hr by transcreener fluorescence polarization assay	ic50	0.0050	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-(3-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-6-carbonyl)spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767839: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0050	uM
3-[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid	2262886: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0051	uM
1-[3-[4-(1,3-dioxospiro[5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydropyrazolo[1,2-a]diazocine-2,3’-piperidine]-1’-yl)piperidine-1-carbonyl]-1-benzothiophen-2-yl]-3-ethylurea	672140: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-coA as substrate incubated for 60 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by malachite green assay	ic50	0.0051	uM
1-[3-[4-[(5S)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-oxa-9-azaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]piperidine-1-carbonyl]-1-benzothiophen-2-yl]-3-ethylurea	626469: Inhibition of human ACC2	ic50	0.0054	uM
N-[(1S)-1-[3-[(2S)-4-(4-ethoxy-2-methylphenyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]ethyl]acetamide	1065780: Inhibition of human ACC2 expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as acetylCoA to malonylCoA conversion after 1 hr by LC-MS/MS analysis	ic50	0.0054	uM
[3-[4-(1,3-dioxospiro[5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyridazine-2,3’-piperidine]-1’-yl)piperidine-1-carbonyl]-7-methoxy-1-benzothiophen-2-yl]urea	672140: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-coA as substrate incubated for 60 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by malachite green assay	ic50	0.0059	uM
N-[4-[4-(4-propan-2-yloxyphenoxy)phenyl]but-3-yn-2-yl]acetamide	267164: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 system	ic50	0.0060	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-[1-(methylamino)isoquinoline-7-carbonyl]spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767839: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0060	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-(3,7-dimethyl-2H-indazole-5-carbonyl)spiro[4,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	767839: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-CoA as substrate assessed as [14C]malonyl-CoA synthesis preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis in presence of NaH[14C]O3	ic50	0.0060	uM
1-[3-[4-(1,3-dioxospiro[5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyridazine-2,3’-piperidine]-1’-yl)piperidine-1-carbonyl]-7-methoxy-1-benzothiophen-2-yl]-3-methylurea	672140: Inhibition of human ACC2 using acetyl-coA as substrate incubated for 60 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 20 mins by malachite green assay	ic50	0.0061	uM
1’-(7-methyl-1H-indazole-5-carbonyl)-6-(1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)spiro[3H-chromene-2,4’-piperidine]-4-one	476841: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2 expressed in CHO cells after 1 hr by fluorescence reader	ic50	0.0061	uM
1-[[1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl]methyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid	2262886: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0062	uM
3-[1-(1H-imidazole-2-carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	2262886: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0062	uM
1-[(2R)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(oxan-4-yloxy)ethyl]-5-methyl-6-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-3-[1-(pyridine-2-carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione	2262886: Inhibition of recombinant human ACC2 using acetyl-Co A as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo assay	ic50	0.0064	uM
6-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)-1’-(7-methyl-1H-indazole-5-carbonyl)spiro[3H-chromene-2,4’-piperidine]-4-one	476841: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2 expressed in CHO cells after 1 hr by fluorescence reader	ic50	0.0064	uM
5-methoxy-1’-(7-methyl-1H-indazole-5-carbonyl)spiro[3H-chromene-2,4’-piperidine]-4-one	476841: Inhibition of human recombinant ACC2 expressed in CHO cells after 1 hr by fluorescence reader	ic50	0.0065	uM
2-tert-butyl-1’-(2,7-dimethyl-3H-benzimidazole-5-carbonyl)spiro[6H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole-5,4’-piperidine]-7-one	648875: Inhibition of human Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 expressed in CHO cells after 1 hr by fluorescence assay	ic50	0.0066	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

78 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression	3
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	2
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	2
Arsenic	affects methylation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Cisplatin	increases expression, decreases expression	2
Dexamethasone	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Lead	affects methylation, decreases expression	2
Nickel	decreases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	2
Tretinoin	increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Valproic Acid	affects expression, affects methylation, decreases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, decreases expression	2
GSK-J4	decreases expression	1
bisphenol F	increases expression	1
dicrotophos	increases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
methyleugenol	decreases expression	1
beta-thujone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol A	increases expression	1
spathulenol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
linalool	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	decreases expression	1
caryophyllene	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
ferrous chloride	decreases expression	1
AICA ribonucleotide	increases phosphorylation	1

ChEMBL screening assays

81 unique, capped per target: 81 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1110301	Binding	Inhibition of human recombinant ACC1/2	(4-Piperidinyl)-piperazine: a new platform for acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors. — *Bioorg Med Chem Lett*

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

showing 60 of 300 trials:

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00417066	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Flexible GnRH Antagonist vs Flare up GnRH Agonist Protocol in Poor Responders
NCT00732693	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Physiologic and Standard Sex Steroid Replacement Regimens in Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00837616	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Estrogen Dosing in Turner Syndrome: Pharmacology and Metabolism
NCT01853501	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Effects of ADSC Therapy in Women With POF
NCT02783937	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Filgrastim for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT03535480	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Ovarian Transplantation to Restore Ovarian Function in Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00391261	Phase 4	COMPLETED	An Open-label Trial of Metformin for Weight Control of Pediatric Patients on Antipsychotic Medications.
NCT01028820	Phase 4	COMPLETED	FMRI Brain Activation of Aripiprazole Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01333865	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study of Memantine Hydrochloride (Namenda®) for Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01337700	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Milnacipran in Autism and the Functional Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Model of Autism
NCT01695200	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT02096952	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Methylphenidate ER Liquid Formulation in Adults With ASD and ADHD
NCT02235467	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Multisite Study: Parental Training Using Video Modelling to Develop Social Skills in Children With Autism
NCT02940574	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Neural and Behavioral Effects of Oxytocin in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03333629	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Promoting Positive Outcomes for Individuals With ASD: Linking Early Detection, Treatment, and Long-term Outcomes
NCT03337646	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of the Effect and Safety of Lisdexamfetamine in Children Aged 6-12 With ADHD and Autism
NCT03538431	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Improving Driving in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03757585	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Natural Treatments for the Management of Emotional Dysregulation in Youth With Non-verbal Learning Disability (NVLD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
NCT04903353	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Pragmatic Trial Comparing Weight Gain in Children With Autism Taking Risperidone Versus Aripiprazole
NCT05063656	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Biomarker-Driven Pharmacological Treatment of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Gabapentin
NCT05146245	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Antipsychotics in Children 2: Studying TDM in an RCT
NCT05916339	Phase 4	RECRUITING	AWARE: Management of ADHD in Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT05954052	Phase 4	TERMINATED	A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT06853665	Phase 4	RECRUITING	The TEAM Study - Treatment Efficacy for Autism/Attention Using Mixed Amphetamine
NCT07054697	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Pilot-RCT With Individualized Homeopathic Treatment in the Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT07161804	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Pilot RCT Using Homeopathic Medicines in ASD
NCT07439042	Phase 4	RECRUITING	Buspirone for Anxiety in Autistic Youth
NCT07770152	Phase 4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Semaglutide in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT00140998	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Estrogen Treatment (Oral vs. Patches) in Turner Syndrome
NCT01302964	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Mirtazapine Treatment of Anxiety in Children and Adolescents With Pervasive Developmental Disorders
NCT01706523	Phase 3	TERMINATED	Open Label Extension Study of STX209 (Arbaclofen) in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01825798	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Treatment of Overweight Induced by Antipsychotic Medication in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
NCT01972074	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Behavioral and Neural Response to Memantine in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT02985749	Phase 3	COMPLETED	A Study of Oxytocin for the Treatment of Social Impairment in Individuals With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT03197922	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Treatment of Encopresis in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03504917	Phase 3	TERMINATED	A Study of Balovaptan in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder With a 2-Year Open-Label Extension
NCT03553875	Phase 3	TERMINATED	Memantine for the Treatment of Social Deficits in Youth With Disorders of Impaired Social Interactions
NCT03640156	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Modulating Socially Adaptive Mirror System Functioning in Autism by Oxytocin
NCT03715153	Phase 3	TERMINATED	Efficacy and Safety of Bumetanide Oral Liquid Formulation in Children Aged From 2 to Less Than 7 Years Old With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
NCT03715166	Phase 3	TERMINATED	Efficacy and Safety of Bumetanide Oral Liquid Formulation in Children and Adolescents Aged From 7 to Less Than 18 Years Old With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT04233502	Phase 3	WITHDRAWN	Efficacy and Safety of Slenyto for Insomnia in Children With ASD
NCT04578756	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Open-Label, Flexible-dose Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Cariprazine in the Treatment of Pediatric Participants With Schizophrenia, Bipolar I Disorder, or Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT04623398	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Effect of Lithium in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (SHANK3 Haploinsufficiency)
NCT04725383	Phase 3	TERMINATED	Amitriptyline for Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT05212493	Phase 3	COMPLETED	The Effects of Medical Cannabis in Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder
NCT05361707	Phase 3	UNKNOWN	Evaluating the Effects of Tasimelteon in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Sleep Disturbances
NCT05439616	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Study of Cariprazine Oral Capsules or Solution to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Irritability Due to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Participants Aged 5-17 Years With ASD
NCT06229210	Phase 3	RECRUITING	Safety and Tolerability Trial of Lumateperone in Pediatric Patients With Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder or Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT06333964	Phase 3	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of AST-001 in ASD Children
NCT07257939	Phase 3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	NTI164 in Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT07655115	Phase 3	RECRUITING	Single Dose Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Cross-over (SDDBPCCO) Shiftability Study, Will be Followed by a 10-week Open-label Study With Arbaclofen (4 Weeks of Titration and Then 6 Weeks of Active/Stable Treatment). The Effects of Arbaclofen on Target EEG and ERG Metrics Will be Associated With th
NCT00001951	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Hormone Replacement in Young Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00370019	Phase 2	WITHDRAWN	Effects of an Estrogen Replacement Therapy Skin Patch on Ovulation in Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00429494	Phase 2	COMPLETED	GnRH Analogue for Ovarian Function Preservation in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients
NCT03816852	Phase 2	SUSPENDED	The Safety and Efficiency Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (19#iSCLife®-POI) in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT04536467	Phase 2	UNKNOWN	Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Failure With Goserelin in Premenopausal Lymphoma Patients
NCT06117982	Phase 2	COMPLETED	The Impact of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor on Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT00251303	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Riluzole to Treat Child and Adolescent Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With or Without Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT00614198	Phase 2	COMPLETED	ScanBrit Dietary Intervention in Autism
NCT00619190	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Study of Aripiprazole to Treat Children and Adolescents With Autism

Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for ACACB across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.