ACTL7A

Summary

ACTL7A (actin like 7A, HGNC:161) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9q31.3, encoding Actin-like protein 7A (Q9Y615). Essential for normal spermatogenesis and male fertility.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of actin-related proteins (ARPs) which share significant amino acid sequence identity to conventional actins. Both actins and ARPs have an actin fold, which is an ATP-binding cleft, as a common feature. The ARPs are involved in diverse cellular processes, including vesicular transport, spindle orientation, nuclear migration and chromatin remodeling. This gene (ACTL7A), and related gene, ACTL7B, are intronless, and are located approximately 4 kb apart in a head-to-head orientation within the familial dysautonomia candidate region on 9q31. Based on mutational analysis of the ACTL7A gene in patients with this disorder, it was concluded that it is unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of dysautonomia. The ACTL7A gene is expressed in a wide variety of adult tissues, however, its exact function is not known.

Source: NCBI Gene 10881 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): male infertility (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 86 total — 6 pathogenic, 2 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 7
• MANE Select transcript: NM_006687

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:161
Approved symbol	ACTL7A
Name	actin like 7A
Location	9q31.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000187003
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	604303
Entrez	10881

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000333999

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_006687 NM_006687

CCDS: CCDS6772

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000333999 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001332350	108862266	108863756

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 62 present calls, max score 97.88.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.3073 / max 272.9064, expressed in 4 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
97927	0.2669	3
97926	0.0138	3
97929	0.0127	4
97928	0.0079	3
97925	0.0060	3

Top tissues by expression

232 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	97.88	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	97.73	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	94.73	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	90.54	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	89.34	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	88.07	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	84.90	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	68.89	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	64.77	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	64.42	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	63.72	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	63.42	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	62.45	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	59.86	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	59.62	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	56.04	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	52.74	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	52.47	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	50.83	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	50.16	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	49.20	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	49.18	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	49.17	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	48.92	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	48.89	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	48.83	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	48.55	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	48.50	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	48.48	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	48.45	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-134144	yes	32.45
E-ANND-3	no	0.97

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

10 targeting ACTL7A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-609	99.82	64.26	505
HSA-MIR-4688	99.48	64.68	828
HSA-MIR-6743-5P	99.48	63.60	721
HSA-MIR-155-5P	99.35	70.16	1509
HSA-MIR-548V	99.29	69.47	1157
HSA-MIR-3945	98.68	64.21	553
HSA-MIR-5194	96.77	63.91	1021
HSA-MIR-6738-5P	96.33	63.61	815
HSA-MIR-6734-5P	95.70	65.56	950
HSA-MIR-1914-3P	95.07	63.37	762

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

• The researchers found the 9q31 region is associated with adult height variation. (PMID:18720898)
• Molecular recognition of the Tes LIM2-3 domains by the actin-related protein Arp7A. (PMID:21278383)
• Anti-ACTL7a antibodies may cause infertility in mice because the in vitro treatment of mouse spermatozoa with ACTL7a antibody-containing serum markedly reduced the fertilizing potential of the spermatozoa. (PMID:22386842)
• A novel homozygous mutation in ACTL7A leads to male infertility. (PMID:36574082)
• Novel variants in ACTL7A and PLCZ1 are associated with male infertility and total fertilization failure. (PMID:36593593)
• Testis-specific actin-like 7A (ACTL7A) is an indispensable protein for subacrosomal-associated F-actin formation, acrosomal anchoring, and male fertility. (PMID:36734600)
• A recessive ACTL7A founder variant leads to male infertility due to acrosome detachment in Pakistani Pashtuns. (PMID:37286336)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Actl7a	ENSMUSG00000070979
rattus_norvegicus	Actl7a	ENSRNOG00000016641

Paralogs (26): ACTR6 (ENSG00000075089), ACTB (ENSG00000075624), ACTL6B (ENSG00000077080), ACTR5 (ENSG00000101442), ACTR3C (ENSG00000106526), ACTA2 (ENSG00000107796), ACTR8 (ENSG00000113812), ACTR1B (ENSG00000115073), ACTR3 (ENSG00000115091), ACTL8 (ENSG00000117148), ACTRT1 (ENSG00000123165), ACTR10 (ENSG00000131966), ACTR3B (ENSG00000133627), ACTL6A (ENSG00000136518), ACTR2 (ENSG00000138071), ACTR1A (ENSG00000138107), ACTA1 (ENSG00000143632), ACTL7B (ENSG00000148156), ACTC1 (ENSG00000159251), ACTG2 (ENSG00000163017), ACTBL2 (ENSG00000169067), ACTRT2 (ENSG00000169717), ACTL9 (ENSG00000181786), ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009), ACTRT3 (ENSG00000184378), ACTL10 (ENSG00000288649)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Actin-like protein 7A — Q9Y615 (reviewed: Q9Y615)

Alternative names: Actin-like-7-alpha

All UniProt accessions (2): A0A140VK03, Q9Y615

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Essential for normal spermatogenesis and male fertility. Required for normal sperm head morphology, acroplaxome formation, acrosome attachment, and acrosome granule stability. May anchor and stabilize acrosomal adherence to the acroplaxome at least in part by facilitating the presence of F-actin in the subacrosomal space. May play an important role in formation and fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles during acrosome biogenesis.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts (via N-terminus) with TES (via LIM domain 2). Heterodimer with TES; the heterodimer interacts with ENAH to form a heterotrimer. Interacts with ACTL9. Interacts with CYLC1; the interaction may be relevant for proper acrosome attachment to the nuclear envelope.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Golgi apparatus. Nucleus. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Secretory vesicle. Acrosome.

Tissue specificity. Strongly expressed in testis. Also expressed in other tissues.

Disease relevance. Spermatogenic failure 86 (SPGF86) [MIM:620499] An autosomal recessive male infertility disorder characterized by acrosomal defects of the spermatozoa, resulting in oocyte activation deficiency and fertilization failure. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the actin family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_006678* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR004000	Actin	Family
IPR031769	ACTL7A_N	Domain
IPR043129	ATPase_NBD	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00022, PF16840

UniProt features (17 total): sequence variant 9, region of interest 2, mutagenesis site 2, compositionally biased region 2, chain 1, strand 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
2XQN	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.62

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9Y615-F1	84.81	0.72

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

Position	Phenotype
31	abolishes interaction with tes.
41	abolishes interaction with tes.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 75 (showing top): GOBP_SINGLE_FERTILIZATION, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOBP_VESICLE_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION, GOBP_SECRETORY_GRANULE_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_ASSEMBLY_INVOLVED_IN_MORPHOGENESIS, GOBP_ACROSOME_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_ORGANELLE_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_CELLULAR_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION_IN_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM, GNF2_CCNA1, TGACATY_UNKNOWN, GOBP_ENDOMEMBRANE_SYSTEM_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_DEVELOPMENTAL_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION, GOBP_FERTILIZATION, GOCC_SECRETORY_VESICLE

GO Biological Process (7): acrosome assembly (GO:0001675), spermatid development (GO:0007286), single fertilization (GO:0007338), fertilization (GO:0009566), cytoskeleton organization (GO:0007010), spermatogenesis (GO:0007283), cell differentiation (GO:0030154)

GO Molecular Function (2): structural constituent of cytoskeleton (GO:0005200), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (9): acrosomal vesicle (GO:0001669), male germ cell nucleus (GO:0001673), nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), motile cilium (GO:0031514), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
developmental process involved in reproduction	2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	2
cytoplasm	2
spermatid development	1
cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis	1
cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism	1
secretory granule organization	1
organelle assembly	1
germ cell development	1
spermatid differentiation	1
fertilization	1
sexual reproduction	1
reproductive process	1
organelle organization	1
male gamete generation	1
cellular developmental process	1
structural molecule activity	1
cytoskeleton	1
cytoskeleton organization	1
binding	1
secretory granule	1
germ cell nucleus	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
cilium	1
cellular_component	1
intracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1852 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ACTL7A	CTNNAL1	Q9UBT7	950
ACTL7A	PLCZ1	Q86YW0	584
ACTL7A	CGB2	Q6NT52	507
ACTL7A	ODF4	Q2M2E3	476
ACTL7A	SPATA46	Q5T0L3	458
ACTL7A	DNAL4	O96015	426
ACTL7A	MAGEB4	O15481	419
ACTL7A	SPACA1	Q9HBV2	418
ACTL7A	TSGA10	Q9BZW7	390
ACTL7A	RAD23B	P54727	366
ACTL7A	RGPD5	Q99666	363
ACTL7A	OXCT2	Q9BYC2	356
ACTL7A	CAPZA3	Q96KX2	353
ACTL7A	ELP1	O95163	351
ACTL7A	ABITRAM	Q9NX38	345

IntAct

10 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TES	ACTL7A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
TES	ACTL7A	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.670
TES	ENAH	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540
ACTL7A	ENAH	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
CFTR	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (5): ACTL7A (Reconstituted Complex), TES (Far Western), ACTL7A (Affinity Capture-MS), ACTL7A (Affinity Capture-MS), APP (Reconstituted Complex)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JNU3, A2AKE7, A6H603, A6QQ74, D3ZBP4, F1MH07, O43542, Q149M9, Q2T9W4, Q2TA43, Q2V057, Q32KZ2, Q32L91, Q3ZBE0, Q49HH9, Q49KI5, Q4QR76, Q4R317, Q4R6Q3, Q4R821, Q5JWF8, Q5REQ1, Q5XIK1, Q641W9, Q643R3, Q68FW7, Q6AY16, Q6NVG1, Q76HM9, Q86U10, Q8CG27, Q8K4F6, Q8TC94, Q8TDG2, Q8TDY3, Q8TDZ2, Q8VCZ9, Q8VDP3, Q8VEI3, Q95JK8

Diamond homologs: A2AKE7, A2BDB0, A3C6D7, O17320, O18840, O65314, O93400, P02572, P02576, P02578, P07828, P07829, P07830, P0C539, P10984, P10995, P12432, P12433, P12716, P18602, P20904, P29751, P30163, P41339, P41341, P43239, P45520, P48975, P49055, P49128, P53458, P53459, P53465, P53470, P53471, P53472, P53477, P53478, P53479, P53498

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

86 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	6
Likely pathogenic	2
Uncertain significance	74
Likely benign	4
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (8)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1343822	NM_006687.4(ACTL7A):c.149_150del (p.Glu50fs)	Pathogenic
2577999	NM_006687.4(ACTL7A):c.733G>A (p.Ala245Thr)	Pathogenic
2578000	NM_006687.4(ACTL7A):c.463C>T (p.Arg155Ter)	Pathogenic
2578001	NM_006687.4(ACTL7A):c.1084G>A (p.Gly362Arg)	Pathogenic
2578002	NM_006687.4(ACTL7A):c.146C>G (p.Ser49Ter)	Pathogenic
2578003	NM_006687.4(ACTL7A):c.737G>C (p.Gly246Ala)	Pathogenic
3382161	NM_006687.4(ACTL7A):c.1204G>A (p.Gly402Ser)	Likely pathogenic
4849322	NM_006687.4(ACTL7A):c.1118G>A (p.Arg373His)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

81 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
9:108863451:GAGC:G	donor_gain	0.7500
9:108863263:A:T	donor_gain	0.7200
9:108863454:C:G	donor_gain	0.7100
9:108863592:G:T	acceptor_gain	0.5900
9:108863615:CAGA:C	acceptor_gain	0.5800
9:108863616:AGAA:A	acceptor_gain	0.5800
9:108863617:GAAG:G	acceptor_gain	0.5800
9:108863319:C:G	donor_gain	0.5700
9:108863206:G:GG	donor_gain	0.5500
9:108863240:G:GT	donor_gain	0.5200
9:108863262:G:GT	donor_gain	0.5100
9:108863193:A:T	donor_gain	0.5000
9:108863569:G:A	acceptor_gain	0.4900
9:108863482:CGCAG:C	donor_loss	0.4700
9:108863484:CAG:C	donor_loss	0.4700
9:108863485:AGGT:A	donor_loss	0.4700
9:108863487:G:GC	donor_loss	0.4700
9:108863488:T:C	donor_loss	0.4700
9:108863489:A:C	donor_loss	0.4600
9:108863240:G:T	donor_gain	0.4300
9:108863205:A:AG	donor_gain	0.4100
9:108863357:G:GG	donor_gain	0.3900
9:108863211:C:T	donor_gain	0.3800
9:108863356:A:AG	donor_gain	0.3800
9:108863617:GAA:G	acceptor_gain	0.3800
9:108863356:A:G	acceptor_gain	0.3700
9:108863127:A:G	donor_gain	0.3600
9:108862951:G:GT	donor_gain	0.3400
9:108863222:C:G	donor_gain	0.3400
9:108863568:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.3300

AlphaMissense

2852 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
9:108862963:G:A	G214D	0.999
9:108863440:G:C	R373P	0.999
9:108863520:T:A	W400R	0.999
9:108863520:T:C	W400R	0.999
9:108863527:G:A	G402D	0.999
9:108862540:T:A	V73D	0.998
9:108862845:A:C	S175R	0.998
9:108862847:C:A	S175R	0.998
9:108862847:C:G	S175R	0.998
9:108862933:T:C	L204P	0.998
9:108863005:C:A	P228H	0.998
9:108863005:C:G	P228R	0.998
9:108863407:G:A	G362E	0.998
9:108863412:A:C	S364R	0.998
9:108863414:C:A	S364R	0.998
9:108863414:C:G	S364R	0.998
9:108863443:T:C	L374P	0.998
9:108863455:T:C	L378P	0.998
9:108863530:G:A	G403D	0.998
9:108863542:C:A	A407D	0.998
9:108863556:T:C	F412L	0.998
9:108863558:C:A	F412L	0.998
9:108863558:C:G	F412L	0.998
9:108862749:T:A	W143R	0.997
9:108862749:T:C	W143R	0.997
9:108862862:A:C	R180S	0.997
9:108862862:A:T	R180S	0.997
9:108862962:G:C	G214R	0.997
9:108862966:T:C	L215P	0.997
9:108863016:G:C	G232R	0.997

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000897833 (9:108861274 C>T), RS1001273165 (9:108861928 T>C), RS1001934172 (9:108863732 T>G), RS1003169039 (9:108863758 A>G), RS1004886546 (9:108863300 T>C), RS1005712718 (9:108860592 GA>G,GAA), RS1006295720 (9:108860515 G>A,C), RS1007402806 (9:108860623 C>A), RS1007517329 (9:108860940 A>C), RS1008473318 (9:108864098 C>T), RS1009064437 (9:108863016 G>A), RS1012914884 (9:108861221 AAAG>A), RS1013138506 (9:108864081 T>C), RS1014178264 (9:108862619 G>A), RS1014333566 (9:108862255 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:604303 | disease phenotypes: MIM:620499

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
male infertility	Limited	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (2): spermatogenic failure 86 (MONDO:0957593), male infertility (MONDO:0005372)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

7 total (7 of 7 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0003251	Male infertility
HP:0011462	Young adult onset
HP:0012865	Abnormal sperm head morphology
HP:0012869	Acephalic spermatozoa
HP:0034913	Acrosomal hypoplasia
HP:6000501	Ruffled acrosome

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000952_9	Breast cancer	2.000000e-10
GCST005024_2	Pursuit maintenance gain	1.000000e-07
GCST005028_11	Pursuit maintenance gain in psychotic disorders	4.000000e-07
GCST009391_1549	Metabolite levels	3.000000e-07
GCST009391_1558	Metabolite levels	4.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0008433	pursuit maintenance gain measurement
EFO:0009776	ornithine measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007248	Infertility, Male	C12.100.500.430; C12.100.750.700; C12.200.294.430

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

9 total (human), top 9 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
bisphenol A	increases methylation	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
tebuconazole	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
Folic Acid	decreases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Toluene	decreases methylation, increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

125 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02202382	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Male Infertility
NCT02204826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Semen Parameters in Male Infertility Patients: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study
NCT03802864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-operative Pain Control of Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Liposomal Bupivacaine
NCT06100432	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Effect of Eurycoma Longifolia (DLBS5055) and Multivitamins (Vitamin C+Vitamin E+ β-carotene) for Infertile Males
NCT07523022	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Comparison of the Effect of Gonadotropin and Clomiphene Citrate Treatment on Sperm Parameters and the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Procedures in Subfertile Men Based on the APHRODITE Groups
NCT00975117	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Spermotrend in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT01407432	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Impact of Folates in the Care of the Male Infertility
NCT01895816	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Herbal Tonic Fertile Supplement(ZO2C5)
NCT02605070	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Pilot Study on the Effects of FSH Treatment on the Epigenetic Characteristics of Spermatozoa in Infertile Patients With Severe Oligozoospermia
NCT07402759	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Impact of tdrd9 Gene Mutations in the Therapeutic Response to L-carnitine in Oligoasthenozoospermic Men
NCT01880086	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Low Testosterone Associated With Chronic Opioid Pain Medication Administration
NCT02061384	PHASE2	COMPLETED	RA-2 13-cis Retinoic Acid (Isotretinoin)
NCT02421887	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility Trial
NCT05200663	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Efficacy Comparison of Tamoxifen and Tamoxifen With Antioxidants on Semen Quality of Male With Idiopathic Infertility
NCT05290558	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Therapeutic Effects of Bu Shen Yi Jing Pill on Semen Quality in Sub Fertile Males: a Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT06091969	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Supplementation for Male Subfertility
NCT01595308	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pomegranate Juice on Semen Parameters in Healthy Male Volunteers
NCT02122211	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Choline Dehydrogenase and Sperm Function: Effects of Betaine
NCT02575924	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Influence of Culture Media on Clinical Outcomes in Poor Responders or Severe Male Infertility
NCT01304927	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Vitamin D Supplementation and Male Infertility: The CBG-study a Randomized Clinical Trial
NCT02349945	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	FSH Receptor Polymorphism p.N680S and Efficacy of FSH Therapy
NCT05222841	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	The Effectiveness of Spermotrend Food Supplement in the Treatment of Male Infertility
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