ADGRG4

Summary

ADGRG4 (adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G4, HGNC:18992) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xq26.3, encoding Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor G4 (Q8IZF6). Orphan adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (aGPCR).

This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor belonging to a large family of diverse integral membrane proteins that participate in various physiological functions. Members of this superfamily are characterized by a signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. The ligand for this family member is unknown, and it is therefore an orphan receptor. This receptor is known to be expressed in normal enterochromaffin cells and in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma cells, and it is therefore considered to be a novel biomarker or target for immunotherapy.

Source: NCBI Gene 139378 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): autism spectrum disorder (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 466 total — 3 pathogenic, 1 likely-pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_153834

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:18992
Approved symbol	ADGRG4
Name	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G4
Location	Xq26.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	RP1-299I16, PGR17
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000156920
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	301085
Entrez	139378

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 3 protein_coding

ENST00000370652, ENST00000394141, ENST00000394143

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_153834 NM_153834

CCDS: CCDS35409

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000394143 — 26 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001029095	136399848	136400116
ENSE00001029096	136397881	136398002
ENSE00001029097	136393535	136393580
ENSE00001029098	136392232	136392354
ENSE00001029099	136403244	136403322
ENSE00001029102	136395390	136395493
ENSE00001251094	136414160	136414327
ENSE00001251100	136405692	136405972
ENSE00001251135	136372902	136373064
ENSE00001251142	136371328	136371544
ENSE00001251148	136363477	136363595
ENSE00001251157	136361455	136361587
ENSE00001251166	136344392	136350433
ENSE00001453232	136412265	136412366
ENSE00001453235	136387740	136387874
ENSE00001453236	136359292	136359455
ENSE00001453237	136357704	136357756
ENSE00001453238	136356126	136356165
ENSE00001453240	136353337	136353401
ENSE00001453241	136351447	136351541
ENSE00001517596	136304855	136305023
ENSE00001517597	136304133	136304207
ENSE00001517598	136300963	136301000
ENSE00003535180	136322778	136323392
ENSE00003584391	136308769	136308847
ENSE00003891309	136416454	136416890

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 55 present calls, max score 68.08.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0936 / max 54.8273, expressed in 9 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
197687	0.0936	9

Top tissues by expression

225 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	68.08	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	67.49	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	67.16	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	61.92	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	60.56	gold quality
jejunum	UBERON:0002115	55.05	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	51.76	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	51.28	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	49.02	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	46.92	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	46.46	silver quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	45.48	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	43.86	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	43.37	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	43.19	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	43.17	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	42.57	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	42.38	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	42.20	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	41.89	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	41.79	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	41.67	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	41.61	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	41.48	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	41.46	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	41.41	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	41.37	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	41.33	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	41.27	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	41.12	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	6.65
E-GEOD-125970	yes	6.64

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

41 targeting ADGRG4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-4760-3P	99.93	70.50	2385
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-6780A-5P	99.88	66.69	2776
HSA-MIR-1273H-5P	99.77	66.32	2471
HSA-MIR-6885-3P	99.75	70.36	3187
HSA-MIR-4446-5P	99.72	69.19	2544
HSA-MIR-30B-3P	99.70	65.76	2325
HSA-MIR-3689A-3P	99.70	65.73	2306
HSA-MIR-3689B-3P	99.70	65.71	2311
HSA-MIR-3689C	99.70	65.71	2311
HSA-MIR-6779-5P	99.70	65.76	2363
HSA-MIR-587	99.64	70.86	2611
HSA-MIR-6081	99.48	66.07	1446
HSA-MIR-140-5P	99.44	67.20	792
HSA-MIR-6513-5P	99.43	67.81	1071
HSA-MIR-513A-3P	99.39	70.63	3620
HSA-MIR-513C-3P	99.39	70.63	3620
HSA-MIR-4460	99.37	68.52	615
HSA-MIR-19A-5P	99.36	66.93	1675
HSA-MIR-19B-1-5P	99.36	67.07	1669
HSA-MIR-19B-2-5P	99.36	67.07	1669
HSA-MIR-4652-3P	99.33	70.02	2742
HSA-MIR-5582-5P	99.27	71.42	1879
HSA-MIR-329-5P	99.27	68.11	1597
HSA-MIR-664A-3P	99.22	71.08	2696
HSA-MIR-3606-3P	99.11	69.84	3254
HSA-MIR-3675-3P	99.09	67.70	968
HSA-MIR-6506-5P	99.04	65.66	1386
HSA-MIR-1257	98.97	68.02	1133

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

• This study described the structure-function relationship of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (ADGRs) using ADGRGr as a model receptor. (PMID:26823453)
• The dimerized pentraxin-like domain of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor 112 (ADGRG4) suggests function in sensing mechanical forces. (PMID:37863265)
• Exome sequencing identifies ADGRG4 G-protein-coupled receptors gene as a novel cancer biomarker in ovarian cancer patients from North India. (PMID:38462741)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Adgrg4	ENSMUSG00000053852
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000079314

Paralogs (42): CALCR (ENSG00000004948), GIPR (ENSG00000010310), ADGRA2 (ENSG00000020181), CALCRL (ENSG00000064989), GLP2R (ENSG00000065325), ADGRF5 (ENSG00000069122), ADGRL1 (ENSG00000072071), ADCYAP1R1 (ENSG00000078549), SCTR (ENSG00000080293), VIPR2 (ENSG00000106018), CRHR2 (ENSG00000106113), GHRHR (ENSG00000106128), ADGRD1 (ENSG00000111452), GLP1R (ENSG00000112164), ADGRG6 (ENSG00000112414), VIPR1 (ENSG00000114812), ADGRL2 (ENSG00000117114), CRHR1 (ENSG00000120088), ADGRB2 (ENSG00000121753), ADGRE5 (ENSG00000123146), ADGRE2 (ENSG00000127507), ADGRE3 (ENSG00000131355), ADGRB3 (ENSG00000135298), PTH2R (ENSG00000144407), ADGRG7 (ENSG00000144820), ADGRL3 (ENSG00000150471), ADGRA3 (ENSG00000152990), ADGRF1 (ENSG00000153292), ADGRF4 (ENSG00000153294), ADGRG5 (ENSG00000159618), PTH1R (ENSG00000160801), ADGRL4 (ENSG00000162618), EVA1C (ENSG00000166979), ADGRF3 (ENSG00000173567), ADGRG2 (ENSG00000173698), ADGRE1 (ENSG00000174837), ADGRD2 (ENSG00000180264), ADGRB1 (ENSG00000181790), ADGRG3 (ENSG00000182885), ADGRA1 (ENSG00000197177)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor G4 — Q8IZF6 (reviewed: Q8IZF6)

Alternative names: G-protein coupled receptor 112

All UniProt accessions (1): Q8IZF6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Orphan adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (aGPCR). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. ADGRG4 is coupled to G(s) G proteins and mediates activation of adenylate cyclase activity. May be act as sensor of mechanical forces.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer; homodimerizes via its Pentraxin domain in a calcium-independent manner. Heterodimer of 2 chains generated by proteolytic processing; the large extracellular N-terminal fragment and the membrane-bound C-terminal fragment predominantly remain associated and non-covalently linked.

Subcellular location. Membrane.

Tissue specificity. Detected in fetal retina. Highly expressed in normal enterochromaffin cells and in neuroendocrine carcinoma. Detected in normal liver; highly expressed in primary liver carcinoma.

Post-translational modifications. Autoproteolytically processed at the GPS region of the GAIN-B domain; this cleavage modulates receptor activity. N-glycosylated.

Activity regulation. Forms a heterodimer of 2 chains generated by proteolytic processing that remain associated through non-covalent interactions mediated by the GAIN-B domain. In the inactivated receptor, the Stachel sequence (also named stalk) is embedded in the GAIN-B domain, where it adopts a beta-strand conformation. On activation, the Stachel moves into the 7 transmembrane region and adopts a twisted hook-shaped configuration that forms contacts within the receptor, leading to coupling of a G-alpha protein, which activates signaling. The cleaved GAIN-B and N-terminal domains can then dissociate from the rest of the receptor.

Domain organisation. The Stachel sequence (also named stalk) in the C-terminal part of the extracellular domain (ECD) functions as a tethered agonist. In the inactivated receptor, the Stachel sequence (also named stalk) is embedded in the GAIN-B domain, where it adopts a beta-strand conformation. On activation, the Stachel moves into the 7 transmembrane region and adopts a twisted hook-shaped configuration that forms contacts within the receptor, leading to coupling of a G-alpha protein, which activates signaling.

Similarity. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (ADGR) subfamily.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8IZF6-1	1	yes
Q8IZF6-2	2
Q8IZF6-3	3

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_722576* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000203	GPS	Conserved_site
IPR000832	GPCR_2_secretin-like	Family
IPR001759	PTX_dom	Domain
IPR013320	ConA-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR017981	GPCR_2-like_7TM	Domain
IPR017983	GPCR_2_secretin-like_CS	Conserved_site
IPR036445	GPCR_2_extracell_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR046338	GAIN_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR057244	GAIN_B	Domain

Pfam: PF00002, PF00354, PF01825

UniProt features (115 total): helix 18, strand 15, mutagenesis site 10, topological domain 8, glycosylation site 8, turn 7, transmembrane region 7, splice variant 7, region of interest 6, compositionally biased region 6, disulfide bond 5, sequence variant 5, sequence conflict 5, chain 3, domain 2, signal peptide 1, binding site 1, site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8B55	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.36
7WUJ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.3

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

No AlphaFold model available for Q8IZF6 — AlphaFold DB does not currently provide models for proteins above ~3000 aa.

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab): 1 — 7WUJ

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 2721–2722 (cleavage; by autolysis)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (1): 202

Disulfide bonds (5): 58–123, 200–228, 2685–2716, 2704–2718, 2809–2886

Glycosylation sites (8): 233, 487, 836, 899, 1020, 1519, 2361, 2640

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (10):

Position	Phenotype
2660	increased basal g protein-coupled receptor activity.
2671	increased basal g protein-coupled receptor activity.
2683	increased basal g protein-coupled receptor activity.
2747	strongly decreased g protein-coupled receptor activity.
2794	strongly decreased g protein-coupled receptor activity.
2820	decreased g protein-coupled receptor activity.
2885	strongly decreased g protein-coupled receptor activity.
2953	strongly decreased g protein-coupled receptor activity.
2957	strongly decreased g protein-coupled receptor activity.
2971	strongly decreased g protein-coupled receptor activity.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 44 (showing top): WWTAAGGC_UNKNOWN, CMYB_01, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, SRF_Q5_01, GOBP_ADENYLATE_CYCLASE_MODULATING_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, SRF_C, WTGAAAT_UNKNOWN, TGANTCA_AP1_C, TGACATY_UNKNOWN, MYB_Q5_01, GOBP_ADENYLATE_CYCLASE_ACTIVATING_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, MYB_Q6, GOMF_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, chrXq26

GO Biological Process (4): cell surface receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007166), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007189), signal transduction (GO:0007165)

GO Molecular Function (2): G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930), transmembrane signaling receptor activity (GO:0004888)

GO Cellular Component (2): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
signal transduction	2
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
adenylate cyclase activator activity	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
signaling receptor activity	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

754 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ADGRG4	OR4X2	Q8NGF9	488
ADGRG4	GEMIN8	Q9NWZ8	392
ADGRG4	OR51E1	Q8TCB6	370
ADGRG4	ADGRG7	Q96K78	367
ADGRG4	SLC6A18	Q96N87	364
ADGRG4	ADGRF2P	Q8IZF7	358
ADGRG4	ADGRF3	Q8IZF5	354
ADGRG4	ADGRA1	Q86SQ6	351
ADGRG4	ADGRD1	Q6QNK2	351
ADGRG4	TBC1D3D	A0A087WVF3	350
ADGRG4	ADGRG5	Q8IZF4	339
ADGRG4	ADGRF4	Q8IZF3	335
ADGRG4	ADGRF1	Q5T601	333
ADGRG4	ADGRA3	Q8IWK6	320
ADGRG4	SERPINA10	Q9UK55	314

IntAct

3 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ADGRG4	H2BC9	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
P		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (11): HIST1H2BH (Proximity Label-MS), GPR112 (Affinity Capture-MS), GPR112 (Affinity Capture-RNA), GPR112 (Affinity Capture-RNA), GPR112 (Affinity Capture-MS), GPR112 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), GPR112 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), GPR112 (Affinity Capture-MS), GPR112 (Affinity Capture-RNA), GPR112 (Affinity Capture-RNA), GPR112 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JPP4, B7ZCC9, B9EKR1, E9Q7X6, J3KML8, O00592, O57604, P13611, P23471, P30005, P34910, P52549, P70628, Q01036, Q06093, Q1XI86, Q28858, Q2TA21, Q2TBJ9, Q3MIW9, Q3TNW5, Q3TYV2, Q5XI99, Q62059, Q62656, Q62781, Q68FD9, Q69558, Q6MG22, Q6R8J2, Q7TST5, Q80XH2, Q86TY3, Q8BT18, Q8BUE7, Q8C633, Q8IZF6, Q8N3K9, Q8VD58, Q8WXI7

Diamond homologs: B7ZCC9, C6KFA3, G5ECX0, G5EDW2, O88917, O94910, O97817, O97827, O97831, Q2Q421, Q2Q426, Q3V3Z3, Q50DM5, Q50DM6, Q50DM7, Q50DM8, Q6F3F9, Q6QNK2, Q7SY09, Q80TR1, Q80TS3, Q86SQ3, Q86SQ4, Q86Y34, Q8CJ11, Q8CJ12, Q8IZF4, Q8IZF6, Q8IZP9, Q8JZZ7, Q8K209, Q8SQA4, Q923X1, Q9BY15, Q9ESC1, Q9HAR2, Q9HBW9, Q9HCU4, Q9QYP2, Q9R0M0

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

466 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	3
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	336
Likely benign	49
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (4)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1458589	NC_000023.10:g.(?135067662)(136652229_?)del	Pathogenic
2685720	GRCh37/hg19 Xq26.1-26.3(chrX:129627661-135812056)x1	Pathogenic
57989	GRCh38/hg38 Xq26.3(chrX:136121668-136310367)x1	Pathogenic
152215	GRCh38/hg38 Xq26.2-26.3(chrX:133532321-137519462)x2	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

3907 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
X:136322766:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136322767:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136351445:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136351446:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136357702:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136357703:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136359291:GTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136359291:GTTGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136361451:GTAG:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:136361452:TA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:136361453:A:AC	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:136361453:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136361454:G:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:136361454:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136361454:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136361454:GAGC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136361588:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
X:136363475:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136363476:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136392226:CTGCA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:136392227:TGCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:136392228:GCA:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:136392229:CAGAC:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:136392230:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136392230:AGACC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:136392231:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136392231:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136392231:GACC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136392231:GACCA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:136392350:ACCAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000030419 (X:136373484 A>G), RS1000041487 (X:136311897 G>A), RS1000067605 (X:136408604 T>C), RS1000144040 (X:136373989 A>C,G), RS1000155684 (X:136311370 T>C), RS1000161928 (X:136397233 G>A), RS1000199478 (X:136318190 A>G), RS1000200357 (X:136313939 G>A), RS1000256347 (X:136383736 G>A), RS1000261285 (X:136363428 T>G), RS1000276899 (X:136397753 C>A,T), RS1000312659 (X:136304454 G>A,C), RS1000321697 (X:136323682 C>G), RS1000337815 (X:136365266 C>T), RS1000367404 (X:136408127 TG>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:301085 | disease phenotypes: MIM:300243, MIM:306955, MIM:308230

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
autism spectrum disorder	Limited	Autosomal dominant

Mondo (4): Christianson syndrome (MONDO:0010278), heterotaxy, visceral, 1, X-linked (MONDO:0010607), hyper-IgM syndrome type 1 (MONDO:0010626), autism spectrum disorder (MONDO:0005258)

Orphanet (3): X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (Orphanet:101088), Visceral heterotaxy (Orphanet:450), Christianson syndrome (Orphanet:85278)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST006442_461	Educational attainment (years of education)	2.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004784	self reported educational attainment

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C538116	Heterotaxy, visceral, X-linked (supp.)
C567484	Mental Retardation, X-Linked, Syndromic, Christianson Type (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: gpcr — Adhesion Class GPCRs

CTD chemical–gene interactions

9 total (human), top 9 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases methylation, increases methylation	2
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Atrazine	increases expression	1
Quercetin	decreases expression	1
Thiram	increases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1
Antirheumatic Agents	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

304 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00391261	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Open-label Trial of Metformin for Weight Control of Pediatric Patients on Antipsychotic Medications.
NCT01028820	PHASE4	COMPLETED	FMRI Brain Activation of Aripiprazole Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01333865	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Memantine Hydrochloride (Namenda®) for Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01337700	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Milnacipran in Autism and the Functional Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Model of Autism
NCT01695200	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT02096952	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Methylphenidate ER Liquid Formulation in Adults With ASD and ADHD
NCT02235467	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Multisite Study: Parental Training Using Video Modelling to Develop Social Skills in Children With Autism
NCT02940574	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Neural and Behavioral Effects of Oxytocin in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03333629	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Promoting Positive Outcomes for Individuals With ASD: Linking Early Detection, Treatment, and Long-term Outcomes
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