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ADIPOR2

gene
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Also known as PAQR2ACDCR2

Summary

ADIPOR2 (adiponectin receptor 2, HGNC:24041) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12p13.33, encoding Adiponectin receptor protein 2 (Q86V24). Receptor for ADIPOQ, an essential hormone secreted by adipocytes that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism.

The adiponectin receptors, ADIPOR1 (MIM 607945) and ADIPOR2, serve as receptors for globular and full-length adiponectin (MIM 605441) and mediate increased AMPK (see MIM 602739) and PPAR-alpha (PPARA; MIM 170998) ligand activities, as well as fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake by adiponectin (Yamauchi et al., 2003 [PubMed 12802337]).

Source: NCBI Gene 79602 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 3
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 71 total — 22 pathogenic, 1 likely-pathogenic
  • GTEx eGene: eQTL in 15 tissues, sQTL in 16 (q < 0.05)
  • Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.18 (intermediate), LOEUF 0.64 (unconstrained)
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_024551
  • Notable: 71 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:24041
Approved symbolADIPOR2
Nameadiponectin receptor 2
Location12p13.33
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesPAQR2, ACDCR2
Ensembl geneENSG00000006831
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM607946
Entrez79602

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 58 — 42 protein_coding, 10 nonsense_mediated_decay, 6 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

MANE Select: ENST00000357103

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 1, TSL 2: 2, TSL 3: 3, TSL 4: 1

ENST00000357103, ENST00000535774, ENST00000537190, ENST00000537545, ENST00000540974, ENST00000543456, ENST00000544470, ENST00000878963, ENST00000878964, ENST00000878965, ENST00000878966, ENST00000878967, ENST00000878968, ENST00000878969, ENST00000878970, ENST00000878971, ENST00000878972, ENST00000878973, ENST00000878974, ENST00000878975, ENST00000878976, ENST00000878977, ENST00000878978, ENST00000878979, ENST00000878980, ENST00000878981, ENST00000878982, ENST00000878983, ENST00000878984, ENST00000878985, ENST00000878986, ENST00000878987, ENST00000878988, ENST00000878989, ENST00000878990, ENST00000878991, ENST00000878992, ENST00000878993, ENST00000878994, ENST00000878995, ENST00000878996, ENST00000924874, ENST00000924875, ENST00000924876, ENST00000924877, ENST00000924878, ENST00000969120, ENST00000993732, ENST00000993733, ENST00000993734, ENST00000993735, ENST00000993736, ENST00000993737, ENST00000993738, ENST00000993739, ENST00001060126, ENST00001060127, ENST00001141126

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_024551 NM_001375363, NM_001375364, NM_001375365, NM_024551

CCDS: CCDS8511

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000357103 — 8 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE0000071225717838801784073
ENSE0000081680717804511780637
ENSE0000081680817808891781076
ENSE0000140264417859441788674
ENSE0000142601416910701691191
ENSE0000346877617542581754514
ENSE0000351254417778541778025
ENSE0000361643017728421772961

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 134 present calls, max score 97.84.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 37.9067 / max 536.2809, expressed in 1822 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): corpus callosum, C1 segment of cervical spinal cord, adrenal gland cortex, lung, adrenal gland.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

ADIPOR2 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 15 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 16 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 31 significant tissue × QTL associations:

TissueQTLq-valueSlopeLead variant
Cells Cultured fibroblastssqtl4.8e-18-0.5312:1710393:A:C
Testissqtl1.7e-15+0.9012:1749575:G:A
Whole Bloodeqtl1.3e-11+0.2812:1668968:A:G
Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytessqtl2.1e-09-0.7812:1732977:G:C
Thyroideqtl1.9e-08+0.3012:1672523:T:A
Muscle Skeletaleqtl3.2e-07-0.1612:1722189:G:A
Esophagus Mucosaeqtl5.2e-07+0.1212:1732977:G:C
Esophagus Mucosasqtl7.7e-07-0.3412:1777477:C:T
Colon Sigmoideqtl1.4e-06+0.2112:1766599:A:G
Nerve Tibialsqtl1.6e-06+0.3412:1724746:G:A
Adipose Visceral Omentumsqtl7.7e-06-0.3812:1749553:G:A
Lungsqtl2.5e-04+0.3112:1751375:G:A
Prostatesqtl6.8e-04+2.5912:872270:C:T
Nerve Tibialeqtl9.5e-04+0.1412:1746794:C:G
Adipose Subcutaneoussqtl1.7e-03-0.3112:1754562:A:T
Skin Sun Exposed Lower legsqtl3.3e-03-0.3012:1722189:G:A
Cells Cultured fibroblastseqtl3.7e-03+0.1412:1792380:A:C
Minor Salivary Glandeqtl4.4e-03-0.2712:1799266:C:T
Brain Cerebellumsqtl4.7e-03-1.8312:1498192:G:A
Pituitaryeqtl5.2e-03-0.1612:1748255:A:T

FANTOM5 promoters

4 alternative TSS:

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
12338437.27881822
1233910.4146187
1233900.147660
1233890.065726

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 134 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
corpus callosumUBERON:000233697.84gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646997.64gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582796.88gold quality
right lungUBERON:000216796.65gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123396.50gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123496.12gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582596.04gold quality
substantia nigraUBERON:000203895.96gold quality
adrenal glandUBERON:000236995.92gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583495.77gold quality
liverUBERON:000210795.35gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039795.34gold quality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830395.21gold quality
Ammon’s hornUBERON:000195494.54gold quality
duodenumUBERON:000211494.52gold quality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132394.46gold quality
omental fat padUBERON:001041494.45gold quality
adipose tissueUBERON:000101394.44gold quality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111494.38gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissueUBERON:000219094.33gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187694.02gold quality
temporal lobeUBERON:000187193.99gold quality
putamenUBERON:000187493.87gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116193.70gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105293.67gold quality
upper lobe of left lungUBERON:000895293.65gold quality
stomachUBERON:000094593.46gold quality
thoracic mammary glandUBERON:000520093.37gold quality
lungUBERON:000204893.23gold quality
skeletal muscle tissueUBERON:000113493.17gold quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499193.09gold quality
esophagus mucosaUBERON:000246993.00gold quality
hypothalamusUBERON:000189892.98gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305392.86gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000692.61gold quality
bone marrow cellCL:000209292.60gold quality
muscle tissueUBERON:000238592.58gold quality
caudate nucleusUBERON:000187392.55gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425292.52gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138392.35gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138892.31gold quality
fundus of stomachUBERON:000116092.26gold quality
transverse colonUBERON:000115792.22gold quality
pancreasUBERON:000126492.22gold quality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115092.09gold quality
esophagusUBERON:000104392.02gold quality
small intestineUBERON:000210891.76gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345491.75gold quality
intestineUBERON:000016091.58gold quality
monocyteCL:000057691.49gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073891.48gold quality
colonUBERON:000115591.47gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243691.46gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402391.34gold quality
skin of legUBERON:000151191.26gold quality
multicellular organismUBERON:000046891.25gold quality
zone of skinUBERON:000001491.19gold quality
skin of abdomenUBERON:000141691.04gold quality
thyroid glandUBERON:000204690.98gold quality
cerebral cortexUBERON:000095690.91gold quality
heart left ventricleUBERON:000208490.90gold quality
brainUBERON:000095590.89gold quality
left lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000112090.86gold quality
smooth muscle tissueUBERON:000113590.85gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9UBERON:001354090.85gold quality
vaginaUBERON:000099690.81gold quality
right testisUBERON:000453490.79gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347390.76gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583390.74gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663190.70gold quality
adenohypophysisUBERON:000219690.64gold quality
heartUBERON:000094890.60gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188290.58gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propriaUBERON:003584190.53gold quality
tonsilUBERON:000237290.52gold quality
right lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000111990.45gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexUBERON:000983490.39gold quality
body of uterusUBERON:000985390.36gold quality
testisUBERON:000047390.35gold quality
left testisUBERON:000453390.30gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009490.25gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colonUBERON:003580590.25gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225590.22gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119990.21gold quality
prefrontal cortexUBERON:000045190.19gold quality
frontal cortexUBERON:000187090.18gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281090.16gold quality
bone marrowUBERON:000237190.15gold quality
ovaryUBERON:000099290.09gold quality
left uterine tubeUBERON:000130390.07gold quality
myometriumUBERON:000129690.03gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983590.02gold quality
left ovaryUBERON:000211989.90gold quality
placentaUBERON:000198789.87gold quality
pituitary glandUBERON:000000789.76gold quality
ectocervixUBERON:001224989.64gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211889.63gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209889.61gold quality
vermiform appendixUBERON:000115489.52gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099189.50gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes3.77

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enhanced

showing 60 of 79 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cellAxisnTPMProtein (IHC)
Spinal cordtissue75.3
Corpus callosumtissue58.8
Midbraintissue54.6
Medulla oblongatatissue53.2
Substantia nigratissue53.2
Livertissue49.4not detected
Thalamustissue44.9
Caudate putamentissue43.2
Superior colliculitissue41.5
Ponstissue40.3
Periaqueductal graytissue34.9
Adipose tissuetissue33.6not detected
Nucleus accumbenstissue29.3
Vaginatissue28.4low
Frontal cortextissue27.9
Locus coeruleustissue27.7
Pancreastissue27.5medium
Adrenal glandtissue27.2medium
Hypothalamustissue26.6
Putamentissue26.3
Stomach 1tissue25.5medium
Pituitary glandtissue25.4
Ventral forebraintissue25.4
Hippocampustissue23.5not detected
Hippocampal formationtissue23.1
Septumtissue22.6
Skeletal muscletissue22.1medium
Cerebral cortextissue21.7not detected
Somatosensory cortextissue21.7
Duodenumtissue20.9medium
Motor cortextissue20.6
Esophagustissue19.9low
Prefrontal cortextissue19.7
Occipital cortextissue19.6
Temporal cortextissue18.9
Amygdalatissue18.8
Entorhinal cortextissue18.8
Basal gangliatissue18.7low
Postcentral gyrustissue18.7
Tonguetissue18.5
Small intestinetissue18.5medium
Cerebellumtissue18.4not detected
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortextissue18.0
Retrosplenial cortextissue18.0
Insular cortextissue18.0
Olfactory bulbtissue17.0
Thyroid glandtissue16.9medium
Rectumtissue16.7medium
Choroid plexustissue16.1
Colontissue16.0medium
Parathyroid glandtissue15.9not detected
Testistissue14.5low
Breasttissue13.5not detected
Lungtissue12.4not detected
Heart muscletissue12.2medium
Placentatissue12.2high
Retinatissue12.1
Skin 1tissue11.9medium
Ovarytissue11.9not detected
Thymustissue11.9

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 190; highest nTPM — Parieto-temporal junction (white matter) (93.4), Corpus callosum, genu (white matter) (84.7), Cerebellar white matter (83.9), Temporal white matter (77.7), Ventral spinal cord (75.3).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): ATF3, FOXO1, NR3C1, PPARG

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting ADIPOR2 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 184 miRNAs:

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-200B-3P100.0073.312693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P100.0073.352685
HSA-MIR-429100.0073.442698
HSA-MIR-340-5P100.0072.504437
HSA-MIR-188-3P100.0068.761240
HSA-MIR-8485100.0077.574731
HSA-MIR-4283100.0066.422097
HSA-MIR-6833-3P100.0070.633197
HSA-MIR-4768-5P100.0069.492861
HSA-MIR-190A-3P100.0080.355520
HSA-MIR-6867-5P100.0082.213464
HSA-MIR-150-5P99.9966.691976
HSA-MIR-34A-5P99.9971.211784
HSA-MIR-449A99.9971.051776
HSA-MIR-548AW99.9972.573559
HSA-MIR-10401-5P99.9965.79948
HSA-MIR-450099.9972.722367
HSA-MIR-4789-3P99.9970.752484
HSA-MIR-19A-3P99.9875.332762
HSA-MIR-19B-3P99.9875.442754
HSA-MIR-477599.9875.006394
HSA-LET-7A-5P99.9872.291790
HSA-LET-7B-5P99.9872.311790
HSA-LET-7C-5P99.9872.291790
HSA-LET-7E-5P99.9872.291790
HSA-LET-7F-5P99.9872.561784
HSA-LET-7G-5P99.9872.371784
HSA-LET-7I-5P99.9872.371788
HSA-MIR-98-5P99.9872.331787
HSA-MIR-34C-5P99.9770.451577

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 0.176, LOEUF 0.636, missense Z 3.52 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD)

ENST00000357103 splits into 3 regions with different missense tolerance; 0 are missense-constrained. Missense variants in a constrained region (low observed/expected) are more likely to be pathogenic. gnomAD

Region (GRCh38)Missense obs / expo/eConstrained
12:1,754,344–1,772,87265 / 79.90.81no
12:1,772,873–1,781,049112 / 249.50.45no
12:1,781,050–1,786,069106 / 149.70.71no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

  • cloning of cDNAs encoding adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) by expression cloning [AdipoR1 & AdipoR2] (PMID:12802337)
  • Here we report the marked expression of mRNAs for the adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in human and rat pancreatic beta cells, at levels similar to liver and greater than muscle. (PMID:14651988)
  • Epression levels of AdipoRw as well as plasma adiponectin concentration were lower in people with a family history of Type 2. (PMID:15105989)
  • myotube mRNA levels of both receptors are associated with distinct metabolic functions but not with insulin sensitivity; AdipoR1, but not AdipoR2, expression correlated with insulin secretion. (PMID:15331527)
  • a link between adiponectin and bone homeostasis by demonstrating transcription, translation, and secretion of adiponectin, as well as expression of its receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, in bone-forming cells (PMID:15454091)
  • Plasma adiponection and adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA expression in muscle are not acutely regulated by adipose tissue lipolysis and/or plasma FFA. Adiponectin is abundantly expressed in muscle and is present in/on sarcolemma of muscle fibres. (PMID:15757860)
  • Genetic variations in ADIPOR2 are unlikely to lead to a common genetic predisposition to insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population. (PMID:15918014)
  • Evidence for association between variation in the adiponectin receptor 2 and type 2 diabetes among Amish. (PMID:15983228)
  • In patients with chronic hepatitis c, adiponectin and receptors(AdipoR1 and AdipoR2)play a role in hepatic inflammation in both sexes and liver steatosis in males. (PMID:16139921)
  • adiponectin receptors have roles in the human endometrium (PMID:16601138)
  • Rosiglitazone can elevate the expression of ADIPOR2 in hepatocytes which caninteract functionally with a glucocorticoid receptor in the ADIPOR2 promoter to mediate stimulation of transcription. (PMID:16609881)
  • Here we show that MCF-7 cells express adiponectin receptors and respond to human recombinant adiponectin by reducing their growth, AMPkinase activation, and p42/p44 MAPkinase (PMID:16678125)
  • 3 variants were found: (+795G/A, +870C/A & +963C/T) in linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 1) with a minor allele frequency of 0.125. This haplotype had higher plasma adiponectin levels & lower fasting triglyceride, VLDL-triglyceride & VLDL-cholesterol levels. (PMID:16700915)
  • may contribute to the molecular association between obesity and prostate cancer through a complex interaction with other hormones and cytokines that also play important roles in the pathophysiology of obesity and prostate cancer. (PMID:16899222)
  • Upregulated in insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (PMID:17001470)
  • Reduced circulating adiponectin occurs in rat fatty liver disease, but it is elevated in a mouse cirrhosis with similar findings in humans. Diminished hepatic expression of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR2 and AdipoR1) was only found in liver cirrhosis. (PMID:17006986)
  • We observed the expression of adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in the MG-63 cell line and the osteoblastic cell line differentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells. (PMID:17054465)
  • AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are integral membrane proteins with the predicted topology–an intracellular N-terminus and an extracellular C-terminus (PMID:17118803)
  • possibility that adiponectin might modulate the growth of normal breast epithelial cells and breast cancer cells directly through AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 receptors (PMID:17123704)
  • Genetic variation in ADIPOR2 is not a major cause of extreme insulin resistance in humans, nor does it contribute in a significant manner to type 2 diabetes risk and related traits in UK Europid populations. (PMID:17216283)
  • No support for a relation between ADIPOR2 variability and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. (PMID:17416799)
  • Plasma adiponectin and muscle gene expression of its specific receptors are controlled by genetic and several specific nongenetic factors (PMID:17426101)
  • Adiponectin negatively regulates the progression of gastric cancer cells possibly through AdipoR2. (PMID:17459059)
  • Lower AdipoR after kidney transplantation may be secondary to immunosuppression and/or an improvement in glomerular filtration rate and the uremic milieu. (PMID:17697862)
  • role of polymorphisms in the adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 genes (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes [review] (PMID:17716299)
  • +33371 A/G polymorphism is associated with increased risk of T2DM and multiple insulin resistance-related phenotypes (including fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum triglycerides, and BMI) in the Chinese population (PMID:18075289)
  • evated ADIPOR2 expression is associated with colorectal carcinomas but not in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (PMID:18310295)
  • Dexamethasone inhibits AdipoR2 mRNA expression in nondiabetic subjects. (PMID:18363889)
  • None of the SNPs in either ADIPOR1 or ADIPOR2 were associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in Koreans. SNPs of ADIPOR2 were associated with waist circumference. (PMID:18466348)
  • Expression of AIDIPOR2 was determined in livers of morbidly obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (PMID:18713296)
  • ADIPOR2 SNPs are associated with liver function tests in T2DM subjects, suggesting a possible role of this receptor in liver dysfunction associated with insulin resistance. (PMID:18719649)
  • In a HEK293 cell model, we found that downregulating AdipoR1/R2 simultaneously, but not individually, by RNA interference attenuated adiponectin-induced ERK1/2 activation, suggesting that either receptor was sufficient to mediate the response. (PMID:18842004)
  • AdipoR2 is overexpressed in liver in obese patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. (PMID:18923878)
  • Upregulation in endothelial cells potentiates the antiinflammatory effect of adiponectin, which may apply to cardiovascular complcation in diabetes. (PMID:18988888)
  • The lack of correlation between changes in SAT adiponectin gene and protein expression and its circulating levels suggests that adipose tissue synthesis and release of adiponectin are highly regulated pathways. (PMID:18996753)
  • In whites, six SNPs in ADIPOQ, one SNP in ADIPOR1 and one SNP in ADIPOR2 were associated with insulin sensitivity at the P<0.05 level. (PMID:19037660)
  • Pancreatic cancer expresses adiponectin receptor2 and is associated with hypoleptinemia and hyperadiponectinemia: a case-control study (PMID:19051043)
  • The distribution of adiponectin receptors on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (PMID:19120283)
  • Genetic variation, particularly in the ADIPOR2 gene, contributes to variation in hepatic fat accumulation in humans (PMID:19208777)
  • Expression of Adipo-R2, but not Adipo-R1, is observed in the cytoplasm of both placental cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts of mild preeclempsia, severe cases and normal pregnancy group. (PMID:19487733)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioadipor2ENSDARG00000101849
mus_musculusAdipor2ENSMUSG00000030168
rattus_norvegicusAdipor2ENSRNOG00000007990

Paralogs (10): MMD (ENSG00000108960), MMD2 (ENSG00000136297), PAQR5 (ENSG00000137819), ADIPOR1 (ENSG00000159346), PAQR6 (ENSG00000160781), PAQR4 (ENSG00000162073), PAQR3 (ENSG00000163291), PAQR8 (ENSG00000170915), PAQR7 (ENSG00000182749), PAQR9 (ENSG00000188582)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:93830) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 45 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)Records
decreased circulating HDL cholesterol level2
abnormal glucose homeostasis2
decreased circulating insulin level2
decreased testis weight2
decreased circulating cholesterol level2
decreased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity2
increased circulating adiponectin level2
abnormal abdominal fat pad morphology1
decreased circulating LDL cholesterol level1
increased neutrophil cell number1
small testis1
seminiferous tubule degeneration1
abnormal spermatogenesis1
limb grasping1
hyperglycemia1
male infertility1
increased circulating insulin level1
abnormal lipid homeostasis1
increased brain weight1
decreased circulating triglyceride level1
oligozoospermia1
decreased pancreatic beta cell number1
abnormal hormone level1
decreased lean body mass1
increased energy expenditure1

+20 more (showing top 25).

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

OrganismUniProtIdentityMethod
Arabidopsis thalianaQ9SVF398.1%Diamond
Caenorhabditis elegansQ9417783.5%Diamond
Caenorhabditis briggsaeA8WZU482.2%Diamond
Oryza sativa Japonica GroupQ10PI570.9%Diamond
Drosophila melanogasterQ9VCY861.3%Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288CQ0341947.4%Diamond
Eremothecium gossypii ATCC 10895Q753H547.4%Diamond
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-Q0974943.1%Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

SymbolTypeEntrez
FBXL14protein-coding144699
WNT5Bprotein-coding81029
MIR3649ncRNA100500816
CACNA2D4protein-coding93589
LRTM2protein-coding654429
LINC00940ncRNA100271702
DCP1Bprotein-coding196513
CACNA1Cprotein-coding775

Protein

Protein identifiers

Adiponectin receptor protein 2 — Q86V24 (reviewed: Q86V24)

Alternative names: Progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 2, Progestin and adipoQ receptor family member II

All UniProt accessions (1): Q86V24

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Receptor for ADIPOQ, an essential hormone secreted by adipocytes that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Required for normal body fat and glucose homeostasis. ADIPOQ-binding activates a signaling cascade that leads to increased PPARA activity, and ultimately to increased fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Has intermediate affinity for globular and full-length adiponectin. Required for normal revascularization after chronic ischemia caused by severing of blood vessels.

Subunit / interactions. May form homooligomers and heterooligomers with ADIPOR1. Interacts with APPL2 (via BAR domain); ADIPOQ dissociates this interaction.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitous. Highly expressed in skeletal muscle, liver and placenta. Weakly expressed in brain, heart, colon, spleen, kidney, thymus, small intestine, peripheral blood leukocytes and lung.

Domain organisation. The N-terminus is cytoplasmic and the C-terminus is extracellular, contrary to what is observed for G protein-coupled receptors. Unlike G protein-coupled receptors, transmembrane helices are not kinked or tilted relative to the plane of the membrane.

Similarity. Belongs to the ADIPOR family.

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001362292, NP_001362293, NP_001362294, NP_078827* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR004254AdipoR/HlyIII-relatedFamily

Pfam: PF03006

Enzyme classification (BRENDA)

  • EC 3.5.1.23 — ceramidase (BRENDA: 26 organisms, 303 substrates, 355 inhibitors, 64 Km, 14 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

43 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

SubstrateKm (mM)Measurements
N-LAUROYLSPHINGOSINE0.149–0.41325
D-ERYTHRO-C12-4-NITROBENZO-2-OXA-1,3-DIAZOLE-CER0.0393–0.06013
N-[12-[(7-NITRO-2-1,3-BENZOXADIAZOL-4-YL)AMINE]D0.0155–0.0663
(2R,3Z)-2-([(2E)-1-HYDROXY-12-[(7-NITRO-2,1,3-BE0.087–0.192
N-[(2S,3R,4E)-1,3-DIHYDROXY-14-[(7-NITRO-2,1,3-B0.193–0.2042
N-[(2S,3R,4E)-1,3-DIHYDROXYNONADEC-4-EN-2-YL]-120.085–0.112
N-[(2S,3R,4E)-13-[[9-(ETHYLAMINO)-5-OXO-5H-BENZO0.036–0.0822
N-[(2S,3R,4E)-7-[[9-(DIETHYLAMINO)-5-OXO-5H-BENZ0.1418–0.18182
(13E)-N-[(2S,3R,4E)-1,3-DIHYDROXY-7-[(2-OXO-2H-10.0331
(15E)-N-[(2S,3R,4E)-1,3-DIHYDROXY-7-[(2-OXO-2H-10.041
(2R)-N-[(2S,3R,4E)-1,3-DIHYDROXY-7-[(2-OXO-2H-1-0.0421
(2S)-N-[(2S,3R,4E)-1,3-DIHYDROXY-7-[(2-OXO-2H-1-0.0211
(4E,2S,3R)-2-N-(10-PYRENEDECANOYL)-1,3,17-TRIHYD0.00051
(9E)-N-[(2S,3R,4E)-1,3-DIHYDROXY-7-[(2-OXO-2H-1-0.1391
2,4-DIDEOXY-2-(HEXADECANOYLAMINO)-5-O-(2-OXO-2H-0.0161

UniProt features (51 total): helix 16, topological domain 8, transmembrane region 7, turn 5, mutagenesis site 4, binding site 3, sequence variant 2, strand 2, chain 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

8 structures by resolution:

PDBTitleMethodResolution (Å)
5LWYRevised crystal structure of the human adiponectin receptor 2 in complex with a C18 free …X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.4
5LX9CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR 2 IN COMPLEX WITH A C18 FREE FATTY ACID …X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.4
6KS1Crystal structure of the human adiponectin receptor 2X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.4
6YX9Cryogenic human adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2) at 2.4 A resolution determined by Serial …X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.4
6YXDRoom temperature structure of human adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2) at 2.9 A resolution …X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.9
5LXACRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR 2 IN COMPLEX WITH A C18 FREE FATTY ACID …X-RAY DIFFRACTION3
6YXGCryogenic human adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2) with Tb-XO4 ligand determined by Serial …X-RAY DIFFRACTION3.01
6YXFCryogenic human adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2) with Gd-DO3 ligand determined by Serial …X-RAY DIFFRACTION3.02

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q86V24-F182.690.70

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab)

8 antibodies co-crystallized with this protein: 5LWY, 5LX9, 5LXA, 6KS1, 6YX9, 6YXD, 6YXF, 6YXG

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Transporters, Transporter channels and pores, Predicted membrane proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH approved

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3)

PositionRole
202Zn(2+)
348Zn(2+)
352Zn(2+)

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (4)

PositionPhenotype
202abolishes response to adipoq binding; when associated with a-219; a-348 and a-352.
219impairs response to adipoq binding. abolishes response to adipoq binding; when associated with a-202; a-348 and a-352.
348impairs response to adipoq binding. abolishes response to adipoq binding; when associated with a-202; a-219 and a-352.
352abolishes response to adipoq binding; when associated with a-202; a-219 and a-348.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 curated (TAS) of 3; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

3 pathways:

IDPathwayEvidence
R-HSA-163680AMPK inhibits chREBP transcriptional activation activitycurated
R-HSA-163685Integration of energy metabolism—
R-HSA-1430728Metabolism—

MSigDB gene sets: 293 (showing top): GOBP_LIPID_MODIFICATION, MODULE_52, KEGG_ADIPOCYTOKINE_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, PAX4_01, MODULE_255, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PEPTIDE, TGCACTT_MIR519C_MIR519B_MIR519A, MODULE_151, ATACCTC_MIR202, ASTON_MAJOR_DEPRESSIVE_DISORDER_DN, MODULE_317, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_WOUND_HEALING, CAIRO_HEPATOBLASTOMA_CLASSES_DN, GOBP_HORMONE_MEDIATED_SIGNALING_PATHWAY

GO Biological Process (8): hormone-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0009755), fatty acid oxidation (GO:0019395), adiponectin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0033211), glucose homeostasis (GO:0042593), vascular wound healing (GO:0061042), positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis (GO:0120162), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), fatty acid metabolic process (GO:0006631)

GO Molecular Function (6): signaling receptor activity (GO:0038023), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), adiponectin binding (GO:0055100), adipokinetic hormone receptor activity (GO:0097003), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

2 top-level categories:

CategoryPathways
Integration of energy metabolism1
Metabolism1

GO top-level categories

25 GO namespaces:

CategoryTerms
protein binding2
signal transduction1
cellular response to hormone stimulus1
fatty acid metabolic process1
lipid oxidation1
hormone-mediated signaling pathway1
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway1
carbohydrate homeostasis1
angiogenesis involved in wound healing1
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process1
cold-induced thermogenesis1
regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis1
primary metabolic process1
lipid metabolic process1
monocarboxylic acid metabolic process1
molecular transducer activity1
cation binding1
hormone binding1
protein-hormone receptor activity1
adiponectin binding1
adipokinetic hormone binding1
binding1
membrane1
cell periphery1
cellular anatomical structure1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 4 of 16 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

4 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO termNSEvidence
adiponectin-activated signaling pathwayBPdirect assay
plasma membraneCCdirect assay
adipokinetic hormone receptor activityMFdirect assay
adiponectin bindingMFdirect assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 824 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
ADIPOR2ADIPOQQ15848946
ADIPOR2PPARAQ07869900
ADIPOR2CDH13P55290753
ADIPOR2APPL1Q9UKG1726
ADIPOR2LEPP41159723
ADIPOR2INSP01308714
ADIPOR2CAMKK2Q96RR4669
ADIPOR2PPARGC1AQ9UBK2662
ADIPOR2SIRT1Q96EB6615
ADIPOR2PPARGP37231612
ADIPOR2RETNQ9HD89584
ADIPOR2LEPRP48357581
ADIPOR2RETNLBQ9BQ08573
ADIPOR2SREBF1P36956553
ADIPOR2NAMPTP43490511

IntAct

Human interaction partners of ADIPOR2 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

4 partners by confidence:

PartnerInteraction typeMIscoreRecords
TMBIM6physical association0.5603
NCK1association0.3501
NCK2association0.3501
APPL1proximity0.2703

BioGRID (131 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): PTPLAD1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), RNF181 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), APPL1 (Two-hybrid; 2 records), GGT7 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), NCK1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), RNF145 (Affinity Capture-Western; 2 records), ACSL4 (Co-localization), ADIPOR1 (Affinity Capture-Western), ALDH3A2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ALDOC (Affinity Capture-MS), ANXA2 (Affinity Capture-MS), APRT (Affinity Capture-MS), ARG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ARL6IP5 (Affinity Capture-MS), ARPC2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

SIGNOR signaling

showing 2 of 3 signaling interactions:

AEffectBMechanism
ADIPOQup-regulatesADIPOR2binding
ADIPOR2up-regulatesAPPL1binding

Ligand–receptor pairs (CellPhoneDB) (1)

Curated ligand–receptor partners (cell-cell communication), distinct from the protein–protein interactions above.

1 ligand–receptor pairs:

PartnerThis gene’s roleSignaling class
ADIPOR1;ADIPOR2

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for ADIPOR2: 71 ClinVar records (23 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 3 GWAS associations. Per-variant detail is on Sugi Variant.

ClinVar

71 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic22
Likely pathogenic1
Uncertain significance22
Likely benign13
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (15)

Showing the 15 best-reviewed of 23 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic ClinVar records, ranked by ClinVar review status (expert panel → multiple submitters → single submitter), then by number of submitting labs.

Variant IDHGVSClassificationReviewSubmitters
57044GRCh38/hg38 12p13.33-13.32(chr12:121255-3968447)x1Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter1
58952GRCh38/hg38 12p13.33(chr12:99592-1786491)x1Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter1
59798GRCh38/hg38 12p13.33-13.32(chr12:199896-3284963)x3Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter1
253551GRCh37/hg19 12p13.33-13.32(chr12:222888-3931052)x1Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter1
1809216GRCh37/hg19 12p13.33(chr12:817514-2205439)x1Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter1
2685429GRCh37/hg19 12p13.33-13.32(chr12:191243-5332596)x1Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter1
4884760GRCh37/hg19 12p13.33-13.32(chr12:230421-3358023)x1Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter1
3024578GRCh37/hg19 12p13.33(chr12:922808-2129821)x1Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter1
147092GRCh38/hg38 12p13.33(chr12:54452-2558097)x1Pathogenicno assertion criteria provided1
147690GRCh38/hg38 12p13.33-13.31(chr12:199896-5807366)x1Pathogenicno assertion criteria provided1
148625GRCh38/hg38 12p13.33(chr12:80412-2850599)x1Pathogenicno assertion criteria provided1
149561GRCh38/hg38 12p13.33-13.32(chr12:80412-4420585)x1Pathogenicno assertion criteria provided1
152450GRCh38/hg38 12p13.33-13.32(chr12:54427-4004912)x1Pathogenicno assertion criteria provided1
152732GRCh38/hg38 12p13.33-13.32(chr12:54427-3639603)x1Pathogenicno assertion criteria provided1
154528GRCh38/hg38 12p13.33(chr12:121255-3003320)x1Pathogenicno assertion criteria provided1

Per-variant reference — Sugi Variant

Explore ADIPOR2’s pathogenic and likely-pathogenic variants individually — each with its ClinVar classification and conditions, applied ACMG criteria (ClinGen expert panel, where curated), the calibrated in-silico predictors (AlphaMissense, REVEL, SaProt, conservation), gnomAD frequency, and the predictor-disagreement QC signal — on Sugi Variant.

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 43 predictions of 1,259):

Position(s)EffectΔscoreSites
12:1772840–1772841acceptor_loss1.00006
12:1772962–1772963donor_loss1.00004
12:1784074–1784075donor_loss1.00005
12:1777852–1777853acceptor_loss0.99006
12:1778026–1778027donor_loss0.99005
12:1778325donor_gain0.9900
12:1780449–1780450acceptor_loss0.99006
12:1780638–1780639donor_loss0.99004
12:1781077–1781078donor_loss0.99005
12:1783851acceptor_gain0.9900

AlphaMissense

1,306 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 2,557 scored), across 278 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

ResidueLikely-pathogenic substitutionsMean am_pathogenicityMax am_pathogenicity
M31790.9790.999
D21981.0001.000
H20280.9991.000
H34880.9991.000
H35280.9991.000
H14380.9980.999
D11780.9970.999
H15280.9970.999
F35180.9960.999
N14880.9941.000
H20780.9940.999
D34280.9940.999
N11880.9901.000
H36280.9900.999
F28280.9891.000
F26980.9870.999
H12580.9861.000
F15980.9710.994
S13880.9691.000
F21580.9680.995

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

3 prognostic cancer types:

CancerPrognosticp-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)favorable5.97e-05
Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA)unfavorable0.000449
Kidney Chromophobe (TCGA)unfavorable0.000705

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:607946 | disease phenotypes:

GWAS associations

3 associations:

StudyTraitp-value
GCST90002404_504Red cell distribution width7e-11
GCST001431_6Adverse response to lamotrigine and phenytoin3e-6
GCST002830_19Urate levels in lean individuals5e-6

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

2 canonical traits:

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004531urate measurement
EFO:0009188Red cell distribution width

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL3392947 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: other protein — Adiponectin receptors

Most potent curated ligand interactions (1 total), top 1:

LigandActionAffinityParameter
AdipoRonAgonist5.51pKd

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

1 measured of 1 human assays (1 total across all organisms); most potent 1 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

LigandMeasureValue
CHEMBL3393145KD1800 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

1 potent at pChembl≥5 of 1 total, top 1 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
5.51Kd3100nMCHEMBL3393145

PubChem BioAssay actives

1 with measured affinity, of 1 total; 1 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
2-(4-benzoylphenoxy)-N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)acetamide1189230: Binding affinity to AdipoR2 (unknown origin) by surface plasmon resonance analysiskd3.1000uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

41 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Estradiolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression3
Air Pollutantsdecreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression2
Arsenicincreases abundance, increases expression, affects methylation2
Progesteroneaffects cotreatment, increases expression2
MRI-1867affects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases reaction1
parthenolideaffects binding, increases activity1
taxifolinincreases activity, affects binding1
bisphenol Adecreases methylation1
trichostatin Aaffects expression1
osteumdecreases reaction, affects cotreatment, decreases expression1
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalatedecreases expression1
sodium arseniteincreases expression, increases abundance1
schizandrin Aaffects binding, increases activity1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidinsaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
bisphenol Sdecreases methylation1
PCI 5002affects cotreatment, increases expression1
Rosiglitazoneincreases activity, increases reaction, decreases reaction, increases expression1
Leflunomidedecreases expression1
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation1
Catechinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Dexamethasoneincreases activity, increases reaction1
Methotrexateincreases expression1
Paraquatdecreases reaction, increases expression1
Pesticidesdecreases methylation1
Phthalic Acidsdecreases methylation1
Piroxicamdecreases expression1
Smokeincreases expression, increases abundance1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Tobacco Smoke Pollutionincreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL3395076BindingBinding affinity to AdipoR2 (unknown origin) by surface plasmon resonance analysisSmall molecule adenosine 5’-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) modulators and human diseases. — *J Med Chem*

Cellosaurus cell lines

3 cell lines: 2 cancer cell line, 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_C3G1HEK293T AdipoR2 KOTransformed cell lineFemale
CVCL_SB72HAP1 ADIPOR2 (-) 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_XL12HAP1 ADIPOR2 (-) 2Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for ADIPOR2 across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.