ADO

gene
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Also known as FLJ14547

Summary

ADO (2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase, HGNC:23506) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 10q21.3, encoding 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase (Q96SZ5). Plays a vital role in regulating thiol metabolism and preserving oxygen homeostasis by oxidizing the sulfur of cysteamine and N-terminal cysteine-containing proteins to their corresponding sulfinic acids using O2 as a cosubstrate.

Human thiol dioxygenases include cysteine dioxygenase (CDO; MIM 603943) and cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol) dioxygenase (ADO; EC 1.13.11.19). CDO adds 2 oxygen atoms to free cysteine, whereas ADO adds 2 oxygen atoms to free cysteamine to form hypotaurine (Dominy et al., 2007 [PubMed 17581819]).

Source: NCBI Gene 84890 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 29
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 28 total — 2 pathogenic
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_032804

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:23506
Approved symbolADO
Name2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase
Location10q21.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesFLJ14547
Ensembl geneENSG00000181915
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM611392
Entrez84890

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 2 protein_coding

ENST00000373783, ENST00000710287

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_032804 NM_032804

CCDS: CCDS7266

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000373783 — 1 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000014615386280472062808479

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 291 present calls, max score 99.54.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 22.0849 / max 179.5809, expressed in 1807 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (7 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
10515911.01251732
1051567.73691779
1051601.1648701
1051551.0628732
1051610.6846376
1051570.234082
1051580.189368

Top tissues by expression

295 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
spermCL:000001999.54gold quality
male germ cellCL:000001598.96gold quality
secondary oocyteCL:000065598.40gold quality
oocyteCL:000002397.95gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011596.55gold quality
adult organismUBERON:000702394.60gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglionUBERON:000536394.08gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovaryUBERON:000130493.94gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamusUBERON:000273693.71gold quality
subthalamic nucleusUBERON:000190693.44gold quality
hair follicleUBERON:000207393.42gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulataUBERON:000196693.06gold quality
substantia nigra pars compactaUBERON:000196592.74gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamusUBERON:000189791.91gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampusUBERON:000388191.29gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreasCL:000008391.06gold quality
superficial temporal arteryUBERON:000161491.00gold quality
postcentral gyrusUBERON:000258190.91gold quality
choroid plexus epitheliumUBERON:000391190.90gold quality
parietal lobeUBERON:000187290.78gold quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224090.71gold quality
ponsUBERON:000098890.69gold quality
trigeminal ganglionUBERON:000167590.58gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646990.48gold quality
medulla oblongataUBERON:000189690.44gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23UBERON:001355490.14gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinusUBERON:000503090.05gold quality
ventral tegmental areaUBERON:000269189.91gold quality
dorsal root ganglionUBERON:000004489.90gold quality
inferior olivary complexUBERON:000212789.90gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-GEOD-124858no64.07
E-ANND-3no2.88

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): SP1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

146 targeting ADO, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4262100.0073.263931
HSA-MIR-30A-5P100.0076.313233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P100.0076.293248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P100.0076.293248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P100.0076.323233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P100.0076.323242
HSA-MIR-4481100.0066.421669
HSA-MIR-188-3P100.0068.761240
HSA-MIR-34A-5P99.9971.211784
HSA-MIR-449A99.9971.051776
HSA-MIR-181A-5P99.9972.962995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P99.9972.972996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P99.9972.952996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P99.9973.042997
HSA-MIR-513B-5P99.9969.962150
HSA-MIR-1213699.9872.815713
HSA-MIR-32-5P99.9875.211964
HSA-MIR-92A-3P99.9875.211960
HSA-MIR-92B-3P99.9875.251955
HSA-MIR-25-3P99.9874.601817
HSA-MIR-363-3P99.9874.721821
HSA-MIR-367-3P99.9874.831819
HSA-MIR-4745-5P99.9865.951028
HSA-MIR-548N99.9871.944170
HSA-MIR-34C-5P99.9770.451577
HSA-MIR-449B-5P99.9770.261580
HSA-MIR-314899.9775.066478
HSA-MIR-3688-3P99.9772.022834
HSA-MIR-548AN99.9770.912817
HSA-MIR-4725-3P99.9669.532520

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

  • when endogenous expression of the human ADO ortholog C10orf22 in HepG2/C3A cells was reduced by RNA-mediated interference, hypotaurine production decreased (PMID:17581819)
  • this study shows in human cells that ADO regulates RGS4/5 (regulator of G protein signaling) N-degron substrates, modulates G protein-coupled calcium ion signals and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, and that its activity extends to other N-cysteine proteins including the angiogenic cytokine interleukin-32 (PMID:31273118)
  • Variants in IL23R-C1orf141 and ADO-ZNF365-EGR2 are associated with susceptibility to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Japanese population. (PMID:32437414)
  • Characterization of the nonheme iron center of cysteamine dioxygenase and its interaction with substrates. (PMID:32601061)
  • Crystal structure of human cysteamine dioxygenase provides a structural rationale for its function as an oxygen sensor. (PMID:34508780)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioadoaENSDARG00000042827
danio_rerioadobENSDARG00000053571
mus_musculusAdoENSMUSG00000057134
rattus_norvegicusAdoENSRNOG00000070733
drosophila_melanogasterCG7550FBGN0035839

Protein

Protein identifiers

2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenaseQ96SZ5 (reviewed: Q96SZ5)

Alternative names: Cysteamine dioxygenase

All UniProt accessions (2): Q96SZ5, A0AA34QVG9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays a vital role in regulating thiol metabolism and preserving oxygen homeostasis by oxidizing the sulfur of cysteamine and N-terminal cysteine-containing proteins to their corresponding sulfinic acids using O2 as a cosubstrate. Catalyzes the oxidation of cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol) to hypotaurine. Catalyzes the oxidation of regulators of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) and 5 (RGS5) and interleukin-32 (IL32).

Subunit / interactions. Monomer.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_116193* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR011051RmlC_Cupin_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR012864PCO/ADOFamily
IPR014710RmlC-like_jellyrollHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF07847

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

  • EC 1.13.11.19 — cysteamine dioxygenase (BRENDA: 15 organisms, 14 substrates, 22 inhibitors, 7 Km, 0 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

6 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 6. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

SubstrateKm (mM)Measurements
3-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID51
CYSTEAMINE0.0011
HOMOCYSTEAMINE0.831
MERCAPTOETHANOL1.21
N-ACETYLCYSTEAMINE0.711
O20.11

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 2 shown:

  • cysteamine + O2 = hypotaurine + H(+) (RHEA:14409)
  • N-terminal L-cysteinyl-[protein] + O2 = N-terminal S-hydroxy-S-oxy-L-cysteinyl-[protein] + H(+) (RHEA:70895)

UniProt features (30 total): strand 11, helix 6, mutagenesis site 3, binding site 3, sequence variant 3, region of interest 2, chain 1, cross-link 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

9 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
9DXVX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.6
9DXBX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.74
9DXUX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.74
7REIX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.78
9DMAX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.89
9NDUX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.98
8UANX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.99
8U9JX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.02
9DY4X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.39

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q96SZ5-F187.280.70

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 112; 114; 193

Post-translational modifications (1): 220–223

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (3):

PositionPhenotype
87moderate reduction in enzyme activity.
222significant reduction in enzyme activity.
223no significant reduction in enzyme activity.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-1614558Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine
R-HSA-1430728Metabolism
R-HSA-1614635Sulfur amino acid metabolism
R-HSA-71291Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives

MSigDB gene sets: 215 (showing top): FXR_IR1_Q6, GCM_MAP4K4, RRAGTTGT_UNKNOWN, BUYTAERT_PHOTODYNAMIC_THERAPY_STRESS_DN, AAGCCAT_MIR135A_MIR135B, DACOSTA_UV_RESPONSE_VIA_ERCC3_UP, chr10q21, GGAMTNNNNNTCCY_UNKNOWN, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, YY1_Q6, AGCGCTT_MIR518F_MIR518E_MIR518A, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_LEVELS, YY1_02, KEGG_TAURINE_AND_HYPOTAURINE_METABOLISM, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_LEVELS

GO Biological Process (1): cellular response to hypoxia (GO:0071456)

GO Molecular Function (7): iron ion binding (GO:0005506), cysteamine dioxygenase activity (GO:0047800), protein binding (GO:0005515), oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491), oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen (GO:0016702), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), dioxygenase activity (GO:0051213)

GO Cellular Component (2): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), cytosol (GO:0005829)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Sulfur amino acid metabolism1
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives1
Metabolism1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cytoplasm2
response to hypoxia1
cellular response to stress1
cellular response to decreased oxygen levels1
transition metal ion binding1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen1
binding1
catalytic activity1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen1
dioxygenase activity1
cation binding1
oxidoreductase activity1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
cellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

346 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
ADOCDO1P78513986
ADOCSADQ9Y600709
ADOGADL1Q6ZQY3503
ADOC3P01024425
ADOSLC6A6P31641415
ADOSCRN3Q0VDG4381
ADOCTHP32929375
ADOOGAO60502361
ADOMETAP1P53582348
ADOEGR2P11161333
ADOH7C2H4H7C2H4327
ADOP0DN79P0DN79327
ADOC1orf141Q5JVX7310
ADOIL23RQ5VWK5266
ADOCARS2Q9HA77263

IntAct

25 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
CAP2ADOpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
ADODISC1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
FAM76BADOpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
C5orf24MEIS1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
TSSC4SNRNP200psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ADORGS5psi-mi:“MI:0945”(oxidoreductase activity electron transfer reaction)0.440
ADORGS4psi-mi:“MI:0945”(oxidoreductase activity electron transfer reaction)0.440
FYCO1RFT1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
KCNJ10HSPA8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ZNF212ZNF746psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FAM76BSORL1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FCRL4ADOpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SPANXN4UBA6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ANKRD39UBA6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
STAC2EIF1AXpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
C16orf74PPP3CCpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
RTKNADOpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
LRRC46GTPBP6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MFSD14AFAM171A2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ADOCAP2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
ADODISC1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000

BioGRID (26): ADO (Affinity Capture-MS), ADO (Affinity Capture-MS), ADO (Affinity Capture-MS), ADO (Affinity Capture-MS), ADO (Affinity Capture-MS), ADO (Affinity Capture-MS), ADO (Affinity Capture-MS), ADO (Affinity Capture-MS), ADO (Affinity Capture-MS), ADO (Two-hybrid), ADO (Two-hybrid), ADO (Negative Genetic), ADO (Affinity Capture-MS), ADO (Affinity Capture-RNA), ADO (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JMH0, A1YIZ1, B5DE73, B5DFG1, D3Z2R5, P13689, P33487, P33488, P33489, P33490, P33491, P68827, P97364, Q09200, Q0JCU7, Q10468, Q14703, Q3U487, Q53NI2, Q5E9N5, Q5EA24, Q5R673, Q5T447, Q5VW38, Q5YLM1, Q60649, Q6ICH7, Q6PDY2, Q6WQJ1, Q6Y290, Q6YRM6, Q86XS8, Q8CFC1, Q8IUF8, Q8IUH2, Q8IUL8, Q8NHY0, Q8VEM1, Q96375, Q96SZ5

Diamond homologs: Q556I2, Q6PDY2, Q96SZ5, Q9SJI9, Q1G3U6, Q8LGJ5, Q9LXG9, Q9LXT4

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

28 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic2
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance25
Likely benign1
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (2)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
152646GRCh38/hg38 10q21.1-21.3(chr10:55287177-67558442)x3Pathogenic
815349GRCh37/hg19 10q21.1-21.3(chr10:56031210-65660398)x1Pathogenic

SpliceAI

10 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
10:62806002:G:Tdonor_gain0.5500
10:62805854:TCCC:Tdonor_gain0.5400
10:62806002:G:GTdonor_gain0.5000
10:62806041:A:AGdonor_gain0.3200
10:62806034:C:Tdonor_gain0.2700
10:62804944:G:GAdonor_gain0.2300
10:62806040:T:Adonor_gain0.2300
10:62805837:G:GTdonor_gain0.2000
10:62806038:GT:Gdonor_gain0.2000
10:62806039:TT:Tdonor_gain0.2000

AlphaMissense

1740 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
10:62805360:T:CF101L1.000
10:62805360:T:GF101V1.000
10:62805361:T:CF101S1.000
10:62805361:T:GF101C1.000
10:62805362:C:AF101L1.000
10:62805362:C:GF101L1.000
10:62805385:T:CI109T1.000
10:62805393:C:AH112N1.000
10:62805393:C:GH112D1.000
10:62805395:C:AH112Q1.000
10:62805395:C:GH112Q1.000
10:62805399:C:AH114N1.000
10:62805399:C:GH114D1.000
10:62805400:A:GH114R1.000
10:62805401:C:AH114Q1.000
10:62805401:C:GH114Q1.000
10:62805409:T:CM117T1.000
10:62805436:G:TG126V1.000
10:62805636:C:AH193N1.000
10:62805636:C:GH193D1.000
10:62805667:C:AA203D1.000
10:62805669:T:CF204L1.000
10:62805670:T:CF204S1.000
10:62805671:C:AF204L1.000
10:62805671:C:GF204L1.000
10:62805676:A:TD206V1.000
10:62805693:T:CY212H1.000
10:62805717:T:CC220R1.000
10:62805718:G:AC220Y1.000
10:62805825:T:CF256L1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000279857 (10:62804726 C>T), RS1000337667 (10:62806446 G>A), RS1000666380 (10:62804875 G>A), RS1000823475 (10:62804739 T>C), RS1001685158 (10:62805035 C>T), RS1001737413 (10:62804857 A>C,G,T), RS1002743537 (10:62806190 A>G), RS1003564112 (10:62802966 G>A,C), RS1003663479 (10:62803172 CAAAA>C,CAAA,CAAAAA,CAAAAAAA,CAAAAAAAA), RS1003731016 (10:62807762 A>C), RS1004232850 (10:62806899 T>C), RS1004241752 (10:62805248 C>G,T), RS1004577712 (10:62804200 C>G,T), RS1004630073 (10:62804450 C>G,T), RS1004684683 (10:62806604 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611392 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

29 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST001407_3Ewing sarcoma4.000000e-17
GCST001438_9Crohn’s disease7.000000e-09
GCST001585_31Breast size3.000000e-09
GCST001709_15Atopic dermatitis2.000000e-07
GCST002562_3Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome3.000000e-11
GCST003269_1Cutaneous psoriasis2.000000e-06
GCST003814_9Selective IgA deficiency7.000000e-07
GCST004131_20Inflammatory bowel disease2.000000e-36
GCST004132_12Crohn’s disease8.000000e-29
GCST004133_19Ulcerative colitis1.000000e-15
GCST004274_2Venlafaxine response in generalised anxiety disorder (remitters vs non-remitters after 12 weeks)5.000000e-06
GCST004625_179Monocyte count3.000000e-09
GCST004866_33Alopecia areata9.000000e-06
GCST005752_141Systemic lupus erythematosus7.000000e-06
GCST006020_30Diastolic blood pressure1.000000e-12
GCST006021_35Systolic blood pressure2.000000e-06
GCST006166_113Diastolic blood pressure x alcohol consumption interaction (2df test)2.000000e-13
GCST006227_9Diastolic blood pressure2.000000e-11
GCST006463_17Urinary albumin excretion (no hypertensive medication)1.000000e-08
GCST006586_28Urinary albumin excretion4.000000e-08
GCST007094_70Diastolic blood pressure1.000000e-15
GCST007099_231Systolic blood pressure1.000000e-11
GCST009640_13Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio8.000000e-10
GCST011494_53Daytime nap2.000000e-17
GCST012073_7Behcet’s disease3.000000e-08
GCST012465_59Bipolar disorder5.000000e-08
GCST90002388_558Lymphocyte count1.000000e-14
GCST90002393_354Monocyte count3.000000e-25
GCST90002402_117Platelet count7.000000e-17

EFO canonical traits (10, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0007773cutaneous psoriasis measurement
EFO:0005091monocyte count
EFO:0006336diastolic blood pressure
EFO:0006335systolic blood pressure
EFO:0004329alcohol drinking
EFO:0004285albuminuria
EFO:0007778urinary albumin to creatinine ratio
EFO:0007828daytime rest measurement
EFO:0004587lymphocyte count
EFO:0004309platelet count

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

1 annotations.

VariantTypeLevelDrugsPhenotypes
rs10995311Efficacy3hydrochlorothiazideHypertension

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

VariantGenesLevelScore#Clin annotsDrugs
rs10995311ADO33.001hydrochlorothiazide

CTD chemical–gene interactions

32 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects expression, decreases expression2
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
bisphenol Faffects cotreatment, increases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
sodium arseniteaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression1
manganese chlorideaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
deguelinincreases expression1
pyrachlostrobinincreases expression1
picoxystrobinincreases expression1
Temozolomidedecreases expression1
Sunitinibincreases expression1
Fulvestrantincreases methylation1
Air Pollutantsdecreases expression, increases abundance1
Arsenicaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression1
Atrazinedecreases expression1
Dexamethasoneaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Enzyme Inhibitorsdecreases activity, increases O-linked glycosylation1
Estradiolincreases expression1
Formaldehydeincreases expression1
Indomethacinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Manganeseaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression1
Rotenoneincreases expression1
Smokedecreases expression1
Tobacco Smoke Pollutionincreases expression1
Urethanedecreases expression1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthineaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Aflatoxin B1decreases methylation1
Gold Compoundsdecreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_E1PKHAP1 ADO (-)Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.