ALDH5A1

Summary

ALDH5A1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1, HGNC:408) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p22.3, encoding Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (P51649). Catalyzes one step in the degradation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. This gene encodes a mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. A deficiency of this enzyme, known as 4-hydroxybutyricaciduria, is a rare inborn error in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In response to the defect, physiologic fluids from patients accumulate GHB, a compound with numerous neuromodulatory properties. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 7915 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (Definitive, ClinGen)
• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 892 total — 83 pathogenic, 56 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 40
• Druggable target: yes
• Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency autosomal recessive, triplosensitivity no evidence
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001080

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:408
Approved symbol	ALDH5A1
Name	aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1
Location	6p22.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	SSADH, SSDH
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000112294
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	610045
Entrez	7915

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 8 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000348925, ENST00000357578, ENST00000479394, ENST00000491546, ENST00000492697, ENST00000672352, ENST00000672557, ENST00000672619, ENST00000672652, ENST00000675422, ENST00000859835, ENST00000859836, ENST00000859837, ENST00000859838

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_001080 NM_001080, NM_001368954, NM_170740

CCDS: CCDS4555, CCDS4556

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000357578 — 10 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000692463	24502523	24502606
ENSE00000692464	24503263	24503433
ENSE00000692465	24504869	24504985
ENSE00000692467	24515167	24515310
ENSE00000692469	24522767	24522925
ENSE00000928795	24494969	24495350
ENSE00000928799	24520401	24520544
ENSE00001269736	24533507	24537207
ENSE00003569213	24532119	24532177
ENSE00003623245	24527997	24528166

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 273 present calls, max score 95.05.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 12.7029 / max 312.7727, expressed in 1366 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (16 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
66388	6.2960	1183
66385	3.3167	875
66387	0.9793	464
66383	0.6627	328
66386	0.6310	365
66392	0.3674	58
66384	0.3051	160
66396	0.0426	14
66397	0.0320	10
66393	0.0226	6

Top tissues by expression

292 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	95.05	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	94.84	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	94.69	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	94.13	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	93.66	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	93.42	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	93.39	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	93.32	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	93.05	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	92.91	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	92.90	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	92.80	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	92.75	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	92.65	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	92.58	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	92.50	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	92.41	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	92.35	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	92.34	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	92.34	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	92.17	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	92.09	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	92.02	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	91.81	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	91.78	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	91.50	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	91.48	gold quality
telencephalon	UBERON:0001893	91.30	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	91.19	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	91.08	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	8.66

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): E2F4, PITX2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

141 targeting ALDH5A1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-188-3P	100.00	68.76	1240
HSA-MIR-513A-5P	100.00	69.77	2465
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-4425	100.00	67.59	1049
HSA-MIR-6873-3P	100.00	71.42	2626
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-6851-5P	100.00	65.63	1294
HSA-MIR-3689D	100.00	66.14	1181
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-1193	100.00	65.93	529
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-1184	99.99	68.19	1458
HSA-MIR-27A-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-9985	99.98	72.11	2939
HSA-MIR-568	99.98	69.86	2084
HSA-MIR-548AN	99.97	70.91	2817
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-128-3P	99.95	71.17	2484
HSA-MIR-216A-3P	99.95	71.19	2505
HSA-MIR-548J-3P	99.94	72.61	4881
HSA-MIR-9983-3P	99.94	71.48	3631
HSA-MIR-4760-3P	99.93	70.50	2385
HSA-MIR-548AE-3P	99.93	72.66	4867

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 30 (autosomal recessive), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 38)

• High activity of this protein probably indicates disorders in lymphocyte energy state. (PMID:12629812)
• Higher SSADH activity is associated with higher intelligence across the general population. (PMID:14981524)
• The unexpected pattern of human SSADH polymorphism compared to interspecific findings outlines the possibility of a recent positive selection on some variants relevant to new cognitive capabilities unique to humans. (PMID:16786440)
• Deficiency in humans causes ggamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria. (PMID:17457693)
• within the 65-85 years age range, the T/T genotype is overrepresented in subjects with impaired cognitive function (PMID:18505418)
• Redox-switch modulation of human SSADH by dynamic catalytic loop (PMID:19300440)
• SSADH deficient patients have widespread reduction in benzodiazepine receptor (BZPR) binding, suggested by high endogenous brain GABA levels that downregulate GABA(A)-BZPR binding site availability. (PMID:19667317)
• This study indicated that global disruption of cortical networks in SSADH KO mice, affecting both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. (PMID:20363598)
• Study seeks to determine whether cerebellar abnormalities are present in human succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency on volumetric MRI, compared with radiographic and histologic studies in the mouse model. (PMID:20445195)
• the duplication (6)(p22.2) and corresponding hyperactive level of SSADH activity may have negative consequences for GABA metabolism (PMID:21438145)
• our study identified a novel homozygous ALDH5A1 gene mutation associated with SSADH deficiency. (PMID:22437753)
• Succinic semialdehyde dehydrognase deficiency is caused by a mutation of the Aldh5a1-gene resulting in a dysfunction of the enzyme succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase–{REVIEW} (PMID:23516105)
• Missense mutation in ALDH5A1 is associated with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and severe intellectual disability. (PMID:23825041)
• Missense mutations of c.527G>A and c.691G>A in the ALDH5A1 gene are associated with pathogenesis of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. (PMID:23926001)
• Results show that opioid-dependent patients carrying the T allele of a functional variant in ALDH5A1 had a greater risk of being nonresponders to methadone maintenance treatment (PMID:24230997)
• The strongest association signal arose from an intronic region of the gene ALDH5A1, which encodes the mitochondrial enzyme succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH), an enzyme involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism. (PMID:24327614)
• Two novel ALDH5A1 mutations likely responsible for SSADH deficiency were identified, and DNA sequencing provided an accurate diagnosis for an at-risk fetus whose sibling had SSADH deficiency. Current study and literature review identified nine additional novel mutations in eight unrelated families bringing the number of unique mutations of ALDH5A1 resulting in SSADH deficiency to 44, occurring from exon 1 to exon 10. (PMID:25431891)
• Pearl et al. identify 3 new pathogenic mutations in the ALDH5A1 gene previously unreported in the literature. EXON: 1 Nucleotide change: c.412 C>T Change in protein: p.L138F EXON: 4 Nucleotide change: c.754G>T Change in protein: p.Q252X EXON: 8 Nucleotide change: c.1360G>A Change in protein: p.A454T (PMID:25558043)
• SSADH catalytic loop role in the SSADH redox-switch modulation (PMID:26422261)
• The proband was found to have compound heterozygous mutations of the succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH5A1) gene, namely c.398_399delAA (p.N134X) and c.638G>T (p.R213L), for which her parents were both heterozygous carriers. (PMID:28186584)
• ALDH5A1 mRNA expression was down-regulated in ovarian cancer patients compared with that in normal tissues. (PMID:28346042)
• By ALDH5A1 gene expression in transiently transfected HEK293 cells and enzyme activity assays, we demonstrate that the p.V500 L mutation, despite being conservative, produces complete loss of enzyme activity (PMID:28664505)
• ALDH5A1 nonsense mutation is associated with reduced Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity and stability resulting in Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. (PMID:29895405)
• Four Chinese patients (two males and two females) at the age of 86 days to 5 years were diagnosed with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADH deficiency) with aldehyde dehydrogenase family 5 member A1 (ALDH5A1) gene mutations. (PMID:31117962)
• Novel mutations in a Chinese family with two patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. (PMID:32223457)
• Functional analysis of thirty-four suspected pathogenic missense variants in ALDH5A1 gene associated with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. (PMID:32402538)
• SSADH Variants Increase Susceptibility of U87 Cells to Mitochondrial Pro-Oxidant Insult. (PMID:32575506)
• ALDH5A1 acts as a tumour promoter and has a prognostic impact in papillary thyroid carcinoma. (PMID:32881051)
• Novel ALDH5A1 variants and genotype: Phenotype correlation in SSADH deficiency. (PMID:32887777)
• Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: In Vitro and In Silico Characterization of a Novel Pathogenic Missense Variant and Analysis of the Mutational Spectrum of ALDH5A1. (PMID:33203024)
• Gene expression analysis in epileptic hippocampi reveals a promoter haplotype conferring reduced aldehyde dehydrogenase 5a1 expression and responsiveness. (PMID:33319393)
• Assessing Prevalence and Carrier Frequency of Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency. (PMID:34882073)
• Glioma Cells Expressing High Levels of ALDH5A1 Exhibit Enhanced Migration Transcriptional Signature in Patient Tumors. (PMID:36976494)
• Phenotypic correlates of structural and functional protein impairments resultant from ALDH5A1 variants. (PMID:37962671)
• ALDH5A1-deficient iPSC-derived excitatory and inhibitory neurons display cell type specific alterations. (PMID:38110041)
• Clinical and molecular outcomes from the 5-Year natural history study of SSADH Deficiency, a model metabolic neurodevelopmental disorder. (PMID:38658850)
• Functional Characterization of a Spectrum of Genetic Variants in a Family with Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency. (PMID:38791277)
• Clinical features and ALDH5A1 gene findings in 13 Chinese cases with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. (PMID:38862963)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	aldh5a1	ENSDARG00000076544
mus_musculus	Aldh5a1	ENSMUSG00000035936
rattus_norvegicus	Aldh5a1	ENSRNOG00000023538
drosophila_melanogaster	Ssadh	FBGN0039349
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000113

Paralogs (17): ALDH3B1 (ENSG00000006534), ALDH3A2 (ENSG00000072210), ALDH3A1 (ENSG00000108602), ALDH2 (ENSG00000111275), ALDH8A1 (ENSG00000118514), ALDH6A1 (ENSG00000119711), ALDH1A2 (ENSG00000128918), ALDH3B2 (ENSG00000132746), ALDH1L2 (ENSG00000136010), ALDH1B1 (ENSG00000137124), ALDH9A1 (ENSG00000143149), ALDH1L1 (ENSG00000144908), ALDH4A1 (ENSG00000159423), ALDH16A1 (ENSG00000161618), ALDH7A1 (ENSG00000164904), ALDH1A1 (ENSG00000165092), ALDH1A3 (ENSG00000184254)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial — P51649 (reviewed: P51649)

Alternative names: Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 5 member A1, NAD(+)-dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase

All UniProt accessions (7): A0A5F9ZH05, A0A5F9ZH98, A0A5F9ZI23, C9J8Q5, P51649, X5D299, X5DQN2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Catalyzes one step in the degradation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Subunit / interactions. Homotetramer.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion.

Tissue specificity. Brain, pancreas, heart, liver, skeletal muscle and kidney. Lower in placenta.

Disease relevance. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) [MIM:271980] A rare inborn error of 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism, which leads to accumulation of 4-hydroxybutyric acid in physiologic fluids of patients. The disease is clinically characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia, intellectual disability, ataxia, seizures, hyperkinetic behavior, aggression, and sleep disturbances. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Activity regulation. Redox-regulated. Inhibited under oxydizing conditions. Inhibited by hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2).

Pathway. Amino-acid degradation; 4-aminobutanoate degradation.

Similarity. Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P51649-1	1	yes
P51649-2	2

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001071, NP_001355883, NP_733936 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR010102	Succ_semiAld_DH	Family
IPR015590	Aldehyde_DH_dom	Domain
IPR016160	Ald_DH_CS_CYS	Conserved_site
IPR016161	Ald_DH/histidinol_DH	Homologous_superfamily
IPR016162	Ald_DH_N	Homologous_superfamily
IPR016163	Ald_DH_C	Homologous_superfamily
IPR029510	Ald_DH_CS_GLU	Conserved_site
IPR050740	Aldehyde_DH_Superfamily	Family

Pfam: PF00171

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 1.2.1.24 — succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (BRENDA: 32 organisms, 145 substrates, 80 inhibitors, 117 Km, 7 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

27 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
NAD+	0.0025–125	28
SUCCINATE SEMIALDEHYDE	0.001–6.3	26
ACETALDEHYDE	0.875–4.82	8
4-CARBOXYBENZALDEHYDE	0.0121–0.1668	6
3-CARBOXYBENZALDEHYDE	0.017–0.1418	4
NADP+	0.552–4.4	4
BENZALDEHYDE	0.019–0.241	3
N-BUTANAL	0.061–0.323	3
N-HEXANAL	0.0253–0.107	3
N-PENTANAL	0.0287–0.096	3
PROPANAL	1.212–1.622	3
3-NITROBENZALDEHYDE	0.0502–0.287	2
4-NITROBENZALDEHYDE	0.156–0.1612	2
ALPHA-KETOGLUTARIC SEMIALDEHYDE	0.011–0.0159	2
N-OCTANAL	0.0514–0.137	2

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• succinate semialdehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = succinate + NADH + 2 H(+) (RHEA:13217)

UniProt features (93 total): strand 23, sequence variant 18, helix 18, modified residue 10, binding site 8, turn 5, mutagenesis site 4, active site 2, transit peptide 1, chain 1, site 1, disulfide bond 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

5 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
2W8N	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
2W8P	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
2W8Q	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
2W8R	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
2W8O	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.4

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P51649-F1	92.27	0.87

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (3): 205 (transition state stabilizer); 306 (proton acceptor); 340 (nucleophile)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (8): 438–440; 498; 202–204; 213; 228–231; 284–289; 306; 334

Post-translational modifications (10): 126, 126, 135, 184, 265, 265, 365, 402, 411, 499

Disulfide bonds (1): 340–342

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (4):

Position	Phenotype
213	reduces catalytic activity to less than 15% of wild-type.
334	reduces catalytic activity to less than 15% of wild-type.
342	loss of regulation by redox state.
498	reduces catalytic activity to less than 15% of wild-type.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

5 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-916853	Degradation of GABA
R-HSA-112310	Neurotransmitter release cycle
R-HSA-112315	Transmission across Chemical Synapses
R-HSA-112316	Neuronal System
R-HSA-888590	GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradation

MSigDB gene sets: 269 (showing top): MODULE_172, MODULE_93, BUYTAERT_PHOTODYNAMIC_THERAPY_STRESS_DN, GOBP_ALPHA_AMINO_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_GLUTAMATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, MITSIADES_RESPONSE_TO_APLIDIN_DN, LUCAS_HNF4A_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_GLUTAMINE_FAMILY_AMINO_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_DICARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, SHEDDEN_LUNG_CANCER_GOOD_SURVIVAL_A4, BILD_E2F3_ONCOGENIC_SIGNATURE, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_SMALL_MOLECULE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (8): succinate metabolic process (GO:0006105), glutamate metabolic process (GO:0006536), central nervous system development (GO:0007417), GABA catabolic process (GO:0009450), post-embryonic development (GO:0009791), synaptic transmission, GABAergic (GO:0051932), obsolete GABA metabolic process (GO:0009448), carboxylic acid metabolic process (GO:0019752)

GO Molecular Function (5): succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity (GO:0004777), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity (GO:0009013), oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491), oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor (GO:0016620)

GO Cellular Component (3): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759), synapse (GO:0045202)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-4 pathways:

Category	Pathways
GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradation	1
Transmission across Chemical Synapses	1
Neuronal System	1
Neurotransmitter release cycle	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
dicarboxylic acid metabolic process	2
amino acid metabolic process	1
nervous system development	1
system development	1
amino acid catabolic process	1
non-proteinogenic amino acid catabolic process	1
multicellular organism development	1
multicellular organismal process	1
chemical synaptic transmission	1
oxoacid metabolic process	1
succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity	1
protein binding	1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor	1
catalytic activity	1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
mitochondrion	1
intracellular organelle lumen	1
cell junction	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

4104 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ALDH5A1	ABAT	P80404	856
ALDH5A1	GABRB2	P47870	822
ALDH5A1	AKR7A2	O43488	719
ALDH5A1	GAD1	Q99259	662
ALDH5A1	ALDH18A1	P54886	607
ALDH5A1	GLUD1	P00367	569
ALDH5A1	GAD2	Q05329	567
ALDH5A1	GLUL	P15104	558
ALDH5A1	GLUD2	P49448	527
ALDH5A1	CS	O75390	519
ALDH5A1	OAT	P04181	513
ALDH5A1	GPLD1	P80108	512
ALDH5A1	OGDH	Q02218	505
ALDH5A1	PGK1	P00558	484
ALDH5A1	IDH2	P48735	482

IntAct

42 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
FGL1	LCMT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
MRPL50	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GATC	NME4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MSRB2	BLTP3B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ALDH5A1	ALDH5A1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
ALDH5A1	MAGEA11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
ALDH5A1	PCNA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
NFKB1	NFKB1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
JUN		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HSCB	RBP5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRNP	WDR91	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GLMP	RTL8C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
OXLD1	NUDT19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FGL1	DNM1L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	AP3B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
P		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
M		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	DENND11	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	NUDT19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRKD3	NDUFA4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IRAK4	PRMT5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KEAP1	PTPRZ1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MAPT	SHTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CEP135	WDR91	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SRP54	SRP19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (73): ALDH5A1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ALDH5A1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ADI1 (Co-fractionation), ALDH1B1 (Co-fractionation), ALDH5A1 (Co-fractionation), ALDH5A1 (Co-fractionation), ALDH5A1 (Co-fractionation), ALDH5A1 (Co-fractionation), ALDH5A1 (Co-fractionation), ARF5 (Co-fractionation), FH (Co-fractionation), SEC31A (Co-fractionation), SEC31B (Co-fractionation), ALDH5A1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ALDH5A1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A7YWE4, O74766, O75891, P07275, P0C2X9, P25795, P28037, P30038, P46562, P49419, P51649, P51650, P54889, P78568, P83401, Q02252, Q02253, Q07536, Q0WM29, Q141D3, Q1GV29, Q29HB2, Q2KJC9, Q2SKP1, Q3MSM3, Q3MSM4, Q3SY69, Q41247, Q54RA2, Q5RFM9, Q64057, Q6A2H0, Q6A2H1, Q6A2H2, Q6JQN1, Q7KW39, Q7QC84, Q7SY23, Q802W2, Q8BWF0

Diamond homologs: A0A2I7G3B0, A0B2F6, A0PN13, A0QMB9, A1KF54, A1UVS4, A2RWD6, A3MEC6, A3P6B0, A3PI00, A4WUY6, A5TYV9, A5VPA5, A6VEI4, A6W2P7, A6X2G8, A7FKL5, A9AN00, A9M9H7, B0CKN3, B1K708, B1Z033, B2SA42, B3PTE1, B4EHJ1, B5ZUG3, B9F3B6, B9JBA3, B9KNS6, C0RHQ3, C3MIE5, E1V7V8, O04895, O14293, O32507, O34660, O69497, O93344, O94788, P05091

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
ALDH5A1	“down-regulates quantity”	4-oxobutanoate	“chemical modification”
ALDH5A1	“up-regulates quantity”	succinate(2-)	“chemical modification”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

892 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	83
Likely pathogenic	56
Uncertain significance	331
Likely benign	269
Benign	71

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1069046	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.1540C>T (p.Arg514Ter)	Pathogenic
1070800	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.318C>G (p.Tyr106Ter)	Pathogenic
1070877	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.854C>G (p.Ser285Ter)	Pathogenic
1070905	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.276del (p.Cys93fs)	Pathogenic
1073790	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.967_968dup (p.Gln323fs)	Pathogenic
1075244	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.34dup (p.Ala12fs)	Pathogenic
1076224	NC_000006.11:g.(?24505087)(24533940_?)del	Pathogenic
1299018	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.503_518del (p.Ser168fs)	Pathogenic
1346959	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.1576G>T (p.Glu526Ter)	Pathogenic
1350850	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.424_425del (p.Ile142fs)	Pathogenic
1355	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.1343+1G>T	Pathogenic
1356	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.727-3298G>A	Pathogenic
1357	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.612G>A (p.Trp204Ter)	Pathogenic
1358	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.1234C>T (p.Arg412Ter)	Pathogenic
1358625	NC_000006.11:g.(?24532327)(24533940_?)del	Pathogenic
1429807	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.379_380del (p.Trp127fs)	Pathogenic
1435168	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.660_666del (p.Ala221fs)	Pathogenic
1452396	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.352A>T (p.Lys118Ter)	Pathogenic
1452915	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.1015-1G>C	Pathogenic
1691448	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.728_736del (p.Leu243_Ser245del)	Pathogenic
1810826	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.698C>T (p.Thr233Met)	Pathogenic
1878435	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.278_298dup (p.Arg99_Ala100insGlyGlyValArgGluAlaArg)	Pathogenic
1878439	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.375_378del (p.Lys126fs)	Pathogenic
1878441	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.412C>T (p.Leu138Phe)	Pathogenic
1878442	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.416C>A (p.Ala139Asp)	Pathogenic
1878444	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.103_121del (p.Ser35fs)	Pathogenic
1878445	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.455_456dup (p.Ala153fs)	Pathogenic
1878446	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.461_474del (p.His154fs)	Pathogenic
1878451	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.559C>G (p.Arg187Gly)	Pathogenic
1878452	NM_001080.3(ALDH5A1):c.562del (p.Ala188fs)	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

1575 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
6:24502517:TTGCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:24502518:TGCAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:24502519:GCA:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:24502520:CAGGA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:24502605:GT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:24503431:CCGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24503434:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
6:24503435:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24504861:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24504981:CTGAG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24504982:TGAGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24504983:GAGGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24504984:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24504985:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24504986:G:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24504987:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24520396:CACAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:24520398:CAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:24520399:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24520399:A:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:24520400:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24520541:ACAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24520542:CAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24520544:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24520545:G:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24520546:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24522766:GACTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24522923:AAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24522924:AGGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24522925:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3445 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
6:24502547:T:A	W127R	0.995
6:24502547:T:C	W127R	0.995
6:24504897:G:C	R213P	0.995
6:24504881:A:C	S208R	0.994
6:24504883:T:A	S208R	0.994
6:24504883:T:G	S208R	0.994
6:24503281:G:C	A153P	0.993
6:24504912:C:A	A218D	0.993
6:24504906:G:A	G216E	0.990
6:24504905:G:A	G216R	0.989
6:24504905:G:C	G216R	0.989
6:24504918:C:A	A220E	0.989
6:24504928:T:G	C223W	0.988
6:24504943:G:C	K228N	0.988
6:24504943:G:T	K228N	0.988
6:24515284:T:C	F282L	0.988
6:24515286:T:A	F282L	0.988
6:24515286:T:G	F282L	0.988
6:24504924:G:T	G222V	0.987
6:24502528:G:C	R120S	0.986
6:24502528:G:T	R120S	0.986
6:24503342:G:C	R173P	0.986
6:24504905:G:T	G216W	0.986
6:24515281:T:C	S281P	0.986
6:24520405:T:C	L292P	0.986
6:24532120:T:C	F449L	0.986
6:24532122:C:A	F449L	0.986
6:24532122:C:G	F449L	0.986
6:24504874:T:A	N205K	0.985
6:24504874:T:G	N205K	0.985

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000178666 (6:24530047 A>G), RS1000205418 (6:24507639 G>A), RS1000250698 (6:24530345 T>C), RS1000370319 (6:24494925 TCCCCGCGAC>T), RS1000457571 (6:24536529 G>A,C), RS1000470247 (6:24515002 A>G), RS1000481622 (6:24494187 T>C), RS1000657512 (6:24508077 T>C), RS1000688115 (6:24501406 G>C,T), RS1000697830 (6:24501571 G>T), RS1000732283 (6:24521924 T>C), RS1000842271 (6:24526449 T>A,G), RS1000865286 (6:24497503 T>C), RS1000946124 (6:24520017 A>G), RS1000949318 (6:24503127 A>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610045 | disease phenotypes: MIM:271980, MIM:617468, MIM:208150

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency	Definitive	Autosomal recessive

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency	Definitive	AR

Mondo (5): succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (MONDO:0010083), prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315), intellectual disability (MONDO:0001071), arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (MONDO:0015168), fetal akinesia deformation sequence 1 (MONDO:0100101)

Orphanet (5): Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (Orphanet:22), Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331), Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (Orphanet:1037), Fetal akinesia deformation sequence (Orphanet:994), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Unexplained intellectual disability (Orphanet:319658)

HPO phenotypes

40 total (30 of 40 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000496	Abnormality of eye movement
HP:0000708	Atypical behavior
HP:0000709	Psychosis
HP:0000717	Autism
HP:0000718	Aggressive behavior
HP:0000738	Hallucinations
HP:0000739	Anxiety
HP:0000750	Delayed speech and language development
HP:0000752	Hyperactivity
HP:0001249	Intellectual disability
HP:0001250	Seizure
HP:0001251	Ataxia
HP:0001252	Hypotonia
HP:0001263	Global developmental delay
HP:0001265	Hyporeflexia
HP:0001270	Motor delay
HP:0001272	Cerebellar atrophy
HP:0001290	Generalized hypotonia
HP:0001939	Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
HP:0002069	Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure
HP:0002121	Generalized non-motor (absence) seizure
HP:0002123	Generalized myoclonic seizure
HP:0002133	Status epilepticus
HP:0002188	Delayed CNS myelination
HP:0002353	EEG abnormality
HP:0002487	Hyperkinetic movements
HP:0003593	Infantile onset
HP:0003621	Juvenile onset
HP:0011462	Young adult onset

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001276_12	Liver enzyme levels (alkaline phosphatase)	6.000000e-26

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004533	alkaline phosphatase measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (3)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D008607	Intellectual Disability	C10.597.606.360; C23.888.592.604.646; F01.700.687; F03.625.539
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750
C535803	succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL1911 (SINGLE PROTEIN), CHEMBL3542434 (PROTEIN FAMILY)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

1 annotations.

Variant	Type	Level	Drugs	Phenotypes
rs2760118	Efficacy	3	methadone	Opioid-Related Disorders

PharmGKB variants

2 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs2760118	ALDH5A1	3	3.00	1	methadone
rs72552282	ALDH5A1		0.00	0

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — GABA turnover

Most potent curated ligand interactions (1 total), top 1:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
4-acryloylphenol	Inhibition	6.46	pIC50

ChEMBL bioactivities

1 potent at pChembl≥5 of 4 total, top 1 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
6.46	IC50	350	nM	CHEMBL378577

PubChem BioAssay actives

1 with measured affinity, of 19 total; 1 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one	260087: Inhibitory activity against SSADH	ic50	0.3500	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

59 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression	4
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	3
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	3
Leflunomide	decreases expression	2
Acetaminophen	affects expression, decreases expression	2
Air Pollutants	decreases expression	2
Nickel	decreases expression	2
Tretinoin	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression, increases expression	1
bisphenol F	increases expression	1
beauvericin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	affects expression	1
senkirkine	decreases expression	1
heliotrine	decreases expression	1
tetrahydropalmatine	increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	increases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
nickel sulfate	increases expression	1
n-butoxyacetaldehyde	increases oxidation	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
enniatins	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
4-hydroxybutyric acid	increases abundance	1
motexafin gadolinium	decreases reaction, increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

5 unique, capped per target: 5 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL2208565	Binding	Inhibition of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase using succinic semialdehyde as substrate incubated up to 20 hrs prior to substrate addition measured after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	(1S, 3S)-3-amino-4-difluoromethylenyl-1-cyclopentanoic acid (CPP-115), a potent γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inactivator for the treatment of cocaine addiction. — J Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

8 cell lines: 6 induced pluripotent stem cell, 1 transformed cell line, 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_D6RV	BCHi007-A	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Female
CVCL_D6RW	BCHi007-A-1	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Female
CVCL_D6RX	BCHi009-A	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Male
CVCL_D6RY	BCHi009-A-1	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Male
CVCL_D6RZ	BCHi011-A	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Male
CVCL_D6S0	BCHi011-A-1	Induced pluripotent stem cell	Male
CVCL_D6YX	GM28820	Transformed cell line	Female
CVCL_E0VE	Ubigene Huh-7 ALDH5A1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00029224	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment With Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Prostate Cancer With Cancer Related Bone Lesions
NCT00035997	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Trial on the Effect of I.V. Zoledronic Acid 4 mg on Bone Density in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastasis
NCT00063609	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Loss in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
NCT00103623	PHASE4	SUSPENDED	The Plenaxis® Experience Study
NCT00106392	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Prograf in the Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT00185029	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	MR-Lymphography and Lymph Node Staging in Prostate Cancer
NCT00199485	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Angelica Sinensis for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Men Undergoing LHRH Therapy for Prostate Cancer
NCT00219219	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Zoledronic Acid in the Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Hormone Refractory and Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases
NCT00219271	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Zoledronic Acid On Circulating And Bone Marrow-Residing Prostate Cancer Cells In Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
NCT00237146	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Zoledronic Acid on Quality of Life and Skeletal-related Events as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Hormone-naïve Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis Who Have Undergone Orchiectomy
NCT00242554	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases
NCT00280098	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Docetaxel in the Treatment of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
NCT00293696	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Casodex/Zoladex Biomarkers in Localised Prostate Cancer
NCT00334139	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Metabolism in Patients With Bone Metastasis and Prostate or Breast Cancer
NCT00375765	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects On Dihydrotestosterone Regulated Gene Expression In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Or Prostate Cancer
NCT00391690	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Bone Markers as Diagnostic Tools for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT00422708	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Local Anesthesia for Prostate Biopsy
NCT00526331	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Arterial Pressure Based Cardiac Output for Goal-Directed Perioperative Therapy
NCT00590213	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Compare the Value of Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Breast Radiotherapy in CASODEX
NCT00629330	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Dissemination of Prostate Cancer Screening to PCP’s in African American Communities
NCT00771966	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Radical Prostatectomy and Perioperative Fluid Therapy
NCT00805701	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Assessing The Efficacy And Safety Of Avodart (Dutasteride) At Improving Urinary Symptoms In Men With Prostate Cancer Who Are Undergoing Seed Implantation
NCT00859027	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Risedronate On Bone Mass In Older Men Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy For Prostate Cancer
NCT00906269	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Can Hyperbaric Oxygen Improve Erectile Function Following Surgery for Prostate Cancer
NCT00953277	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Nerve Reconstruction Using AVANCE in Subjects Who Undergo Robotic Assisted Prostatectomy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
NCT00982800	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Does Postoperative Gabapentin Reduce Pain, Opioid Consumption and Anxiety and Have a Positive Effect on Health Related Quality of Life After Radical Prostatectomy?
NCT01083199	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Global Performance Evaluation of the AMS CONTINUUM™ Device
NCT01136226	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluate Recovery of Testosterone for Patients Using Eligard
NCT01161563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized Crossover Trial to Assess the Tolerability of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogue Administration
NCT01230905	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Monitor the Effects of Androgen Suppression Treatment on the Heart
NCT01296672	PHASE4	COMPLETED	3 Month Finasteride Challenge Test Can Significantly Improve the Performance of Screening for Prostate Cancer
NCT01365143	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Robotic Versus Open Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01379742	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Between ThinSeed™ and OncoSeed™ for Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy
NCT01486563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hydroxyethyl Starch and Renal Function After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01511874	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of ELIGARD 22.5mg With Prostate Cancer
NCT01512472	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Firmagon (Degarelix) Intermittent Therapy
NCT01547416	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Combined General/Epidural Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia on Diaphragmatic Function
NCT01571544	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Use of Thermal Suits as Preventing Hypothermia During Surgery
NCT01581749	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Truebeam for Low-Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT01649635	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Cabazitaxel Combined With Prednisone and Prophylaxis of Neutropenia Complications in the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer