# ALDOC > Gene · canonical: https://sugi.bio/atlas/gene/ALDOC/ > Atlas v1.12.2 · generated 2026-10-13T13:32:47+00:00 ## Summary **ALDOC** (aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate C, HGNC:418) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q11.2, encoding **Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C** (P09972). Catalyzes the reversible conversion of beta-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) into two triose phosphate and plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. This gene encodes a member of the class I fructose-biphosphate aldolase gene family. Expressed specifically in the hippocampus and Purkinje cells of the brain, the encoded protein is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible aldol cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate and fructose 1-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and either glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde, respectively. *Source: [NCBI Gene 230](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/230) — RefSeq curated summary.* **At a glance** - **Clinical variants (ClinVar):** 55 total - **GTEx eGene:** eQTL in 17 tissues, sQTL in 22 (q < 0.05) - **Constraint (gnomAD):** pLI 0.00 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 0.79 (unconstrained) - **MANE Select transcript:** `NM_005165` - **Notable:** 55 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet ## Identifiers ### Gene identifiers | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | HGNC ID | HGNC:418 | | Approved symbol | ALDOC | | Name | aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate C | | Location | 17q11.2 | | Locus type | gene with protein product | | Status | Approved | | Ensembl gene | ENSG00000109107 | | Ensembl biotype | protein_coding | | OMIM | 103870 | | Entrez | 230 | ## Gene structure ### Transcript identifiers **Ensembl transcripts: 29** — 26 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron **MANE Select:** `ENST00000226253` **Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported):** TSL 1: 1, TSL 2: 2, TSL 3: 3, TSL 4: 1, TSL 5: 2 `ENST00000226253`, `ENST00000395319`, `ENST00000395321`, `ENST00000435638`, `ENST00000460201`, `ENST00000578590`, `ENST00000581807`, `ENST00000582381`, `ENST00000584086`, `ENST00000854233`, `ENST00000854234`, `ENST00000854235`, `ENST00000854236`, `ENST00000918177`, `ENST00000918178`, `ENST00000918179`, `ENST00000949877`, `ENST00000949878`, `ENST00000949879`, `ENST00000976182`, `ENST00000976184`, `ENST00000976185`, `ENST00001016591`, `ENST00001016593`, `ENST00001092848`, `ENST00001092849`, `ENST00001092850`, `ENST00001092851`, `ENST00001139432` **RefSeq mRNA: 1** — MANE Select: `NM_005165` `NM_005165` **CCDS:** `CCDS11236` #### Canonical transcript exons `ENST00000226253` — 9 exons | Exon | Start | End | | --- | --- | --- | | ENSE00000706694 | 28573735 | 28573934 | | ENSE00001656772 | 28574494 | 28574577 | | ENSE00001726461 | 28574067 | 28574241 | | ENSE00002723853 | 28576801 | 28576895 | | ENSE00002872258 | 28574952 | 28575006 | | ENSE00003529546 | 28575123 | 28575334 | | ENSE00003615085 | 28575421 | 28575544 | | ENSE00003786450 | 28574696 | 28574856 | | ENSE00003843474 | 28573120 | 28573621 | ### Expression profiles **Bgee:** expression breadth **ubiquitous**, 274 present calls, max score 99.86. **FANTOM5 (CAGE):** breadth **ubiquitous**, TPM avg 32.8721 / max 1197.3543, expressed in 1685 samples. **Highest expression (Bgee):** hemisphere of cerebellum, pons, frontal lobe, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar hemisphere. #### Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL) ALDOC is an **eGene** in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in **17** tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in **22** (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant's alternative allele. showing 20 of 39 significant tissue × QTL associations: | Tissue | QTL | q-value | Slope | Lead variant | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg | sqtl | 1.5e-19 | -0.83 | 17:28576093:TCTC:T | | Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic | sqtl | 3.2e-15 | -0.78 | 17:28576093:TCTC:T | | Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes | sqtl | 3.8e-12 | +0.92 | 17:28576093:TCTC:T | | Nerve Tibial | sqtl | 1.6e-10 | -0.57 | 17:28745675:G:T | | Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes | eqtl | 2.4e-07 | +0.53 | 17:28720448:A:G | | Artery Tibial | sqtl | 1.5e-06 | -0.63 | 17:28780841:C:G | | Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg | eqtl | 1.6e-06 | -0.18 | 17:28626854:A:G | | Heart Atrial Appendage | sqtl | 4.9e-06 | -0.82 | 17:28740052:G:A | | Adipose Subcutaneous | sqtl | 6.9e-06 | -0.60 | 17:28582024:T:C | | Esophagus Mucosa | sqtl | 3.5e-05 | -0.58 | 17:28838164:CTGAAGCAGGAGAACTGCT:C | | Muscle Skeletal | eqtl | 4.4e-05 | +0.42 | 17:28573364:C:T | | Brain Caudate basal ganglia | sqtl | 6.8e-05 | -0.81 | 17:28657618:G:A | | Artery Tibial | eqtl | 8.8e-05 | -0.69 | 17:28576910:C:T | | Brain Frontal Cortex BA9 | sqtl | 3.3e-04 | -1.12 | 17:28576093:TCTC:T | | Brain Cerebellum | sqtl | 4.1e-04 | -0.73 | 17:28780841:C:G | | Esophagus Muscularis | eqtl | 5.1e-04 | -0.90 | 17:28576910:C:T | | Esophagus Mucosa | eqtl | 6.0e-04 | +0.70 | 17:28687610:A:G | | Breast Mammary Tissue | sqtl | 8.0e-04 | -0.58 | 17:28657618:G:A | | Brain Cortex | sqtl | 2.0e-03 | -0.87 | 17:28576093:TCTC:T | | Adipose Visceral Omentum | sqtl | 2.1e-03 | -0.51 | 17:28567402:TA:T | #### FANTOM5 promoters 3 alternative TSS: | Promoter ID | TPM avg | Samples expressed | | --- | --- | --- | | 165035 | 25.5725 | 1677 | | 165034 | 7.2250 | 625 | | 165033 | 0.0747 | 45 | #### Top tissues by expression showing 100 of 297 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed): | Tissue | Anatomy ID | Expression score | Quality | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | right hemisphere of cerebellum | UBERON:0014890 | 99.86 | gold quality | | pons | UBERON:0000988 | 99.84 | gold quality | | right frontal lobe | UBERON:0002810 | 99.81 | gold quality | | cerebellar cortex | UBERON:0002129 | 99.73 | gold quality | | cerebellar hemisphere | UBERON:0002245 | 99.73 | gold quality | | cerebellum | UBERON:0002037 | 99.70 | gold quality | | lateral nuclear group of thalamus | UBERON:0002736 | 99.68 | gold quality | | amygdala | UBERON:0001876 | 99.65 | gold quality | | nucleus accumbens | UBERON:0001882 | 99.63 | gold quality | | cingulate cortex | UBERON:0003027 | 99.62 | gold quality | | superior vestibular nucleus | UBERON:0007227 | 99.61 | gold quality | | anterior cingulate cortex | UBERON:0009835 | 99.61 | gold quality | | Brodmann (1909) area 9 | UBERON:0013540 | 99.61 | gold quality | | lateral globus pallidus | UBERON:0002476 | 99.57 | gold quality | | prefrontal cortex | UBERON:0000451 | 99.56 | gold quality | | putamen | UBERON:0001874 | 99.56 | gold quality | | cerebellar vermis | UBERON:0004720 | 99.55 | gold quality | | hypothalamus | UBERON:0001898 | 99.52 | gold quality | | caudate nucleus | UBERON:0001873 | 99.51 | gold quality | | postcentral gyrus | UBERON:0002581 | 99.50 | gold quality | | ventral tegmental area | UBERON:0002691 | 99.49 | gold quality | | parietal lobe | UBERON:0001872 | 99.48 | gold quality | | inferior olivary complex | UBERON:0002127 | 99.47 | gold quality | | dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | UBERON:0009834 | 99.43 | gold quality | | substantia nigra pars compacta | UBERON:0001965 | 99.42 | gold quality | | CA1 field of hippocampus | UBERON:0003881 | 99.41 | gold quality | | temporal lobe | UBERON:0001871 | 99.38 | gold quality | | Ammon's horn | UBERON:0001954 | 99.38 | gold quality | | medulla oblongata | UBERON:0001896 | 99.37 | gold quality | | frontal cortex | UBERON:0001870 | 99.32 | gold quality | | midbrain | UBERON:0001891 | 99.30 | gold quality | | paraflocculus | UBERON:0005351 | 99.30 | gold quality | | substantia nigra | UBERON:0002038 | 99.27 | gold quality | | C1 segment of cervical spinal cord | UBERON:0006469 | 99.26 | gold quality | | substantia nigra pars reticulata | UBERON:0001966 | 99.25 | gold quality | | spinal cord | UBERON:0002240 | 99.23 | gold quality | | globus pallidus | UBERON:0001875 | 99.22 | gold quality | | medial globus pallidus | UBERON:0002477 | 99.18 | gold quality | | dorsal plus ventral thalamus | UBERON:0001897 | 99.17 | gold quality | | superior frontal gyrus | UBERON:0002661 | 99.09 | gold quality | | dorsal root ganglion | UBERON:0000044 | 99.04 | gold quality | | entorhinal cortex | UBERON:0002728 | 99.04 | gold quality | | apex of heart | UBERON:0002098 | 99.00 | gold quality | | telencephalon | UBERON:0001893 | 98.98 | gold quality | | subthalamic nucleus | UBERON:0001906 | 98.96 | gold quality | | inferior vagus X ganglion | UBERON:0005363 | 98.95 | gold quality | | dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve | UBERON:0002870 | 98.94 | gold quality | | orbitofrontal cortex | UBERON:0004167 | 98.88 | gold quality | | neocortex | UBERON:0001950 | 98.85 | gold quality | | cerebral cortex | UBERON:0000956 | 98.71 | gold quality | | Brodmann (1909) area 46 | UBERON:0006483 | 98.68 | gold quality | | cranial nerve II | UBERON:0000941 | 98.62 | gold quality | | middle frontal gyrus | UBERON:0002702 | 98.55 | gold quality | | right atrium auricular region | UBERON:0006631 | 98.39 | gold quality | | occipital lobe | UBERON:0002021 | 98.33 | gold quality | | central nervous system | UBERON:0001017 | 98.31 | gold quality | | brain | UBERON:0000955 | 98.28 | gold quality | | frontal pole | UBERON:0002795 | 98.26 | gold quality | | trigeminal ganglion | UBERON:0001675 | 98.24 | gold quality | | cardiac atrium | UBERON:0002081 | 98.23 | gold quality | | heart left ventricle | UBERON:0002084 | 98.22 | gold quality | | cardiac ventricle | UBERON:0002082 | 98.19 | gold quality | | forebrain | UBERON:0001890 | 98.13 | gold quality | | Brodmann (1909) area 10 | UBERON:0013541 | 98.06 | gold quality | | primary visual cortex | UBERON:0002436 | 97.99 | gold quality | | left ventricle myocardium | UBERON:0006566 | 97.75 | gold quality | | middle temporal gyrus | UBERON:0002771 | 97.68 | gold quality | | adult organism | UBERON:0007023 | 97.66 | gold quality | | corpus callosum | UBERON:0002336 | 97.64 | gold quality | | heart right ventricle | UBERON:0002080 | 97.56 | gold quality | | heart | UBERON:0000948 | 96.94 | gold quality | | myocardium | UBERON:0002349 | 96.80 | gold quality | | cardiac muscle of right atrium | UBERON:0003379 | 96.47 | gold quality | | tibial nerve | UBERON:0001323 | 95.92 | gold quality | | olfactory bulb | UBERON:0002264 | 95.35 | gold quality | | skin of leg | UBERON:0001511 | 95.22 | gold quality | | right lobe of liver | UBERON:0001114 | 94.53 | gold quality | | Brodmann (1909) area 23 | UBERON:0013554 | 94.17 | gold quality | | skin of abdomen | UBERON:0001416 | 93.79 | gold quality | | ileal mucosa | UBERON:0000331 | 93.01 | gold quality | | zone of skin | UBERON:0000014 | 92.64 | gold quality | | ventricular zone | UBERON:0003053 | 92.51 | gold quality | | descending thoracic aorta | UBERON:0002345 | 92.47 | gold quality | | right ovary | UBERON:0002118 | 92.05 | gold quality | | ascending aorta | UBERON:0001496 | 92.01 | gold quality | | thoracic aorta | UBERON:0001515 | 91.98 | gold quality | | subcutaneous adipose tissue | UBERON:0002190 | 91.49 | gold quality | | left ovary | UBERON:0002119 | 91.13 | gold quality | | adipose tissue | UBERON:0001013 | 90.93 | gold quality | | esophagus mucosa | UBERON:0002469 | 90.91 | gold quality | | aorta | UBERON:0000947 | 90.76 | gold quality | | lower esophagus mucosa | UBERON:0035834 | 90.68 | gold quality | | vagina | UBERON:0000996 | 90.57 | gold quality | | small intestine Peyer's patch | UBERON:0003454 | 90.49 | gold quality | | ectocervix | UBERON:0012249 | 90.26 | gold quality | | connective tissue | UBERON:0002384 | 90.19 | gold quality | | vena cava | UBERON:0004087 | 90.14 | gold quality | | liver | UBERON:0002107 | 90.07 | gold quality | | popliteal artery | UBERON:0002250 | 89.94 | gold quality | | tibial artery | UBERON:0007610 | 89.93 | gold quality | #### Single-cell (SCXA) Detected in 6 experiment(s), a significant marker in 6. | Experiment | Marker? | Max mean expression | | --- | --- | --- | | [E-ENAD-21](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/sc/experiments/E-ENAD-21) | yes | 124.34 | | [E-MTAB-7316](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/sc/experiments/E-MTAB-7316) | yes | 41.81 | | [E-GEOD-84465](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/sc/experiments/E-GEOD-84465) | yes | 24.75 | | [E-CURD-46](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/sc/experiments/E-CURD-46) | yes | 22.21 | | [E-MTAB-6701](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/sc/experiments/E-MTAB-6701) | yes | 9.68 | | [E-ANND-3](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/sc/experiments/E-ANND-3) | no | 0.00 | #### HPA expression RNA tissue specificity: **Group enriched** showing 60 of 76 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM: | Tissue / cell | Axis | nTPM | Protein (IHC) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Spinal cord | tissue | 1766.5 | | | Pons | tissue | 1635.2 | | | Medulla oblongata | tissue | 1594.4 | | | Cerebellum | tissue | 1593.0 | medium | | Thalamus | tissue | 1590.4 | | | Midbrain | tissue | 1540.4 | | | Superior colliculi | tissue | 1383.6 | | | Frontal cortex | tissue | 1331.3 | | | Cerebral cortex | tissue | 1331.2 | medium | | Somatosensory cortex | tissue | 1331.2 | | | Substantia nigra | tissue | 1323.5 | | | Periaqueductal gray | tissue | 1304.7 | | | Postcentral gyrus | tissue | 1249.8 | | | Occipital cortex | tissue | 1174.6 | | | Motor cortex | tissue | 1139.9 | | | Hippocampal formation | tissue | 1123.7 | | | Caudate putamen | tissue | 1119.6 | | | Retina | tissue | 1098.1 | | | Hypothalamus | tissue | 1068.2 | | | Temporal cortex | tissue | 1053.2 | | | Prefrontal cortex | tissue | 1039.4 | | | Entorhinal cortex | tissue | 1031.5 | | | Retrosplenial and cingulate cortex | tissue | 952.1 | | | Amygdala | tissue | 922.2 | | | Locus coeruleus | tissue | 915.4 | | | Insular cortex | tissue | 913.4 | | | Retrosplenial cortex | tissue | 904.4 | | | Hippocampus | tissue | 802.6 | medium | | Septum | tissue | 785.2 | | | Ventral forebrain | tissue | 784.1 | | | Putamen | tissue | 694.5 | | | Basal ganglia | tissue | 686.7 | medium | | Nucleus accumbens | tissue | 648.7 | | | Corpus callosum | tissue | 496.5 | | | Olfactory bulb | tissue | 386.7 | | | Heart muscle | tissue | 167.6 | not detected | | Adipose tissue | tissue | 81.7 | not detected | | Liver | tissue | 74.1 | not detected | | Choroid plexus | tissue | 73.4 | | | Vagina | tissue | 47.5 | not detected | | Small intestine | tissue | 41.4 | low | | Skin 1 | tissue | 34.0 | not detected | | Ovary | tissue | 28.8 | not detected | | Tonsil | tissue | 28.5 | not detected | | Pituitary gland | tissue | 26.8 | | | Breast | tissue | 25.5 | not detected | | Adrenal gland | tissue | 23.0 | not detected | | Bone marrow | tissue | 22.3 | not detected | | Stomach 1 | tissue | 22.0 | not detected | | Lymph node | tissue | 18.1 | not detected | | Spleen | tissue | 18.1 | not detected | | Esophagus | tissue | 18.0 | not detected | | Duodenum | tissue | 17.6 | not detected | | Seminal vesicle | tissue | 14.9 | not detected | | Prostate | tissue | 14.5 | not detected | | Rectum | tissue | 13.8 | not detected | | Colon | tissue | 12.8 | not detected | | Appendix | tissue | 11.9 | not detected | | Smooth muscle | tissue | 11.5 | not detected | | Parathyroid gland | tissue | 11.4 | not detected | **Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas):** detected in 189; highest nTPM — Ventral spinal cord (1766.5), Nuclei of the trapezoid body (1734.6), Principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (1561.9), Nucleus raphe magnus (1554.6), Pontine nuclei (1438.5). ### Regulation **Is transcription factor: no** **Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top):** EGR1, EGR2, FOXM1, NR4A1, SP1 #### miRNA regulators (miRDB) Targeting ALDOC by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific). showing 30 of 41 miRNAs: | miRNA | Max score | Avg score | miRNA target_count | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | HSA-MIR-6077 | 99.99 | 68.04 | 2299 | | HSA-MIR-4487 | 99.96 | 64.58 | 1252 | | HSA-MIR-6721-5P | 99.93 | 68.92 | 2981 | | HSA-MIR-10527-5P | 99.91 | 72.28 | 3754 | | HSA-MIR-4668-5P | 99.79 | 70.58 | 3782 | | HSA-MIR-548AJ-5P | 99.78 | 71.12 | 3085 | | HSA-MIR-548G-5P | 99.78 | 71.12 | 3085 | | HSA-MIR-548X-5P | 99.78 | 71.12 | 3085 | | HSA-MIR-548F-5P | 99.78 | 71.02 | 3093 | | HSA-MIR-6764-5P | 99.75 | 67.89 | 2304 | | HSA-MIR-6885-3P | 99.75 | 70.36 | 3187 | | HSA-MIR-12129 | 99.72 | 67.45 | 1311 | | HSA-MIR-4729 | 99.69 | 72.18 | 4233 | | HSA-MIR-7-5P | 99.67 | 70.53 | 1809 | | HSA-MIR-3202 | 99.66 | 67.70 | 2737 | | HSA-MIR-1915-3P | 99.58 | 66.79 | 1988 | | HSA-MIR-4441 | 99.49 | 66.56 | 3216 | | HSA-MIR-19A-5P | 99.36 | 66.93 | 1675 | | HSA-MIR-19B-1-5P | 99.36 | 67.07 | 1669 | | HSA-MIR-19B-2-5P | 99.36 | 67.07 | 1669 | | HSA-MIR-4999-5P | 99.35 | 69.15 | 926 | | HSA-MIR-6505-3P | 99.34 | 67.39 | 1071 | | HSA-MIR-3194-3P | 98.83 | 66.22 | 1167 | | HSA-MIR-6840-3P | 98.68 | 65.95 | 1923 | | HSA-MIR-6728-3P | 98.63 | 67.63 | 1534 | | HSA-MIR-9500 | 98.62 | 66.54 | 1845 | | HSA-MIR-3944-5P | 98.50 | 67.55 | 997 | | HSA-MIR-4726-3P | 98.49 | 63.89 | 1385 | | HSA-MIR-1233-5P | 98.19 | 66.71 | 1201 | | HSA-MIR-6778-5P | 98.19 | 66.59 | 1239 | ### Functional genomics **gnomAD constraint:** pLI 0.000276, LOEUF 0.785, missense Z 2.34 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). [gnomAD](https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/) **Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC):** no regional variation along `ENST00000226253` — one region, missense o/e 0.74. ### Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 17) - Diverse ALDOC promoter regions are required to direct specific LacZ expression in the hippocampus and Purkinje cells if transgenic mice. (PMID:15589842) - This protein has been found differentially expressed in the temporal lobe from patients with schizophrenia. (PMID:19034380) - This protein has been found differentially expressed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from patients with schizophrenia. (PMID:19110265) - This protein has been found differentially expressed in the Wernicke's Area from patients with schizophrenia. (PMID:19405953) - Results identified fructose bisphospate aldolase C that showed elevated levels of protein carbonyls in inferior parietal lobule (IPL) from subjects with early stage-Alzheimer's disease. (PMID:19686046) - This protein has been found differentially expressed in the anterior cingulate cortex in men patients with schizophrenia. (PMID:20381070) - residues 85-102 harbor the epitope-containing region recognized by MAb 9F (PMID:24525694) - ALDOC, Aldolase A (ALDOA) and Aldolase B (ALDOB) activate Wnt signaling. (PMID:24993527) - NME1 enhanced ALDOC transcription, evidenced by increased expression of ALDOC pre-mRNA and activity of an ALDOC promoter-luciferase module. This is the first study to indicate that NME1 induces transcription through its direct binding to the promoter region of a target gene. (PMID:30396920) - MUC16 C-terminal binding with ALDOC disrupts the ability of ALDOC to sense glucose and promotes gallbladder carcinoma growth. (PMID:32502493) - EPB41 suppresses the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in non-small cell lung cancer by sponging ALDOC. (PMID:33242559) - The melanoma brain metastatic microenvironment: aldolase C partakes in shaping the malignant phenotype of melanoma cells - a case of inter-tumor heterogeneity. (PMID:33274599) - BCDIN3D RNA methyltransferase stimulates Aldolase C expression and glycolysis through let-7 microRNA in breast cancer cells. (PMID:33664453) - Identification of 4-methylation driven genes based prognostic signature in thyroid cancer: an integrative analysis based on the methylmix algorithm. (PMID:34456184) - Overexpression of aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate C and its association with spheroid formation in colorectal cancer. (PMID:35147255) - ALDOC- and ENO2- driven glucose metabolism sustains 3D tumor spheroids growth regardless of nutrient environmental conditions: a multi-omics analysis. (PMID:36945054) - ALDOC regulated the biological function and immune infiltration of gastric cancer cells. (PMID:36997056) ### Cross-species orthologs **7 orthologs** | Organism | Symbol | Gene ID | | --- | --- | --- | | danio_rerio | aldoca | ENSDARG00000057661 | | mus_musculus | Aldoc | ENSMUSG00000017390 | | rattus_norvegicus | Aldoc | ENSRNOG00000011452 | | drosophila_melanogaster | Ald1 | FBGN0000064 | | drosophila_melanogaster | Ald2 | FBGN0039425 | | caenorhabditis_elegans | | WBGENE00011474 | | caenorhabditis_elegans | | WBGENE00017166 | **Paralogs (2):** ALDOB (ENSG00000136872), ALDOA (ENSG00000149925) #### Mouse-model phenotypes Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog ([MGI:101863](https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:101863)) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 9 distinct phenotype terms. | Mouse phenotype (MP) | Records | | --- | --- | | decreased circulating HDL cholesterol level | 1 | | hyperactivity | 1 | | increased circulating triglyceride level | 1 | | abnormal kidney morphology | 1 | | decreased circulating triglyceride level | 1 | | abnormal auditory brainstem response | 1 | | decreased circulating cholesterol level | 1 | | increased pulmonary respiratory rate | 1 | | decreased pulmonary ventilation | 1 | #### Additional cross-species homologs Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara's model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions' gene symbols aren't in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession. | Organism | UniProt | Identity | Method | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Plasmodium falciparum | [P14223](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P14223/entry) | 100.0% | Diamond | | Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 | [Q7KQL9](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q7KQL9/entry) | 100.0% | Diamond | | Plasmodium falciparum K1 | [Q27744](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q27744/entry) | 99.7% | Diamond | | Pongo abelii | [Q5NVR5](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q5NVR5/entry) | 99.7% | Diamond | | Macaca fascicularis | [Q9GKW3](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9GKW3/entry) | 99.7% | Diamond | | Pan troglodytes | [A5A6I5](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/A5A6I5/entry) | 99.5% | Diamond | | Xylella fastidiosa Temecula1 | [Q87AI0](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q87AI0/entry) | 99.4% | Diamond | | Xylella fastidiosa 9a5c | [Q9PF52](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9PF52/entry) | 99.4% | Diamond | | Ovis aries | [P52210](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P52210/entry) | 99.2% | Diamond | | Bos taurus | [Q3T0S5](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q3T0S5/entry) | 99.2% | Diamond | | Oryctolagus cuniculus | [P00883](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P00883/entry) | 98.4% | Diamond | | Lathyrus oleraceus | [Q01516](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q01516/entry) | 96.9% | Diamond | | Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. ATCC 33913 | [Q8P5Z7](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q8P5Z7/entry) | 96.1% | Diamond | | Oryza sativa Japonica Group | [P17784](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P17784/entry) | 94.7% | Diamond | | Arabidopsis thaliana | [Q9LF98](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9LF98/entry) | 93.6% | Diamond | | Carassius auratus | [P53448](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P53448/entry) | 92.8% | Diamond | | Zea mays | [P08440](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P08440/entry) | 92.7% | Diamond | | Salmo salar | [B5DGM7](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/B5DGM7/entry) | 91.9% | Diamond | | Thunnus albacares | [P86979](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P86979/entry) | 91.9% | Diamond | | Cicer arietinum | [O65735](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O65735/entry) | 91.7% | Diamond | | Gallus gallus | [P53449](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P53449/entry) | 90.5% | Diamond | | Plasmodium berghei ANKA | [P49577](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P49577/entry) | 88.9% | Diamond | | Sparus aurata | [P53447](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P53447/entry) | 86.1% | Diamond | | Spinacia oleracea | [P29356](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P29356/entry) | 81.9% | Diamond | | Lethenteron camtschaticum | [P53445](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P53445/entry) | 78.4% | Diamond | | Lymnaea stagnalis | [P91759](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P91759/entry) | 77.6% | Diamond | | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | [Q42690](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q42690/entry) | 75.2% | Diamond | | Schistosoma mansoni | [P53442](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P53442/entry) | 74.1% | Diamond | | Echinococcus multilocularis | [Q9GP32](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9GP32/entry) | 74.1% | Diamond | | Toxoplasma gondii | [Q8I8I2](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q8I8I2/entry) | 71.2% | Diamond | | Dictyostelium discoideum | [Q86A67](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q86A67/entry) | 65.1% | Diamond | | Trypanosoma brucei brucei | [P07752](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P07752/entry) | 54.7% | Diamond | | Encephalitozoon cuniculi GB-M1 | [Q8SSM8](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q8SSM8/entry) | 46.4% | Diamond | ### Genomic neighbors (locus context) Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that). | Symbol | Type | Entrez | | --- | --- | --- | | [SPAG5](/atlas/gene/SPAG5/) | protein-coding | 10615 | | [RSKR](/atlas/gene/RSKR/) | protein-coding | 124923 | | [SDF2](/atlas/gene/SDF2/) | protein-coding | 6388 | | [SUPT6H](/atlas/gene/SUPT6H/) | protein-coding | 6830 | | [BLTP2](/atlas/gene/BLTP2/) | protein-coding | 9703 | | [SPAG5-AS1](/atlas/gene/SPAG5-AS1/) | ncRNA | 100506436 | | [PIGS](/atlas/gene/PIGS/) | protein-coding | 94005 | | [FOXN1](/atlas/gene/FOXN1/) | protein-coding | 8456 | | [SLC13A2](/atlas/gene/SLC13A2/) | protein-coding | 9058 | | [UNC119](/atlas/gene/UNC119/) | protein-coding | 9094 | ## Protein ### Protein identifiers **Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C** — `P09972` (reviewed: P09972) **Alternative names:** Brain-type aldolase **All UniProt accessions (8):** `P09972`, `A0A024QZ64`, `A8MVZ9`, `C9J8F3`, `J3KSV6`, `J3QKK1`, `J3QKP5`, `K7EKH5` #### UniProt curated annotations — [full annotation on UniProt →](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P09972/entry) **Function.** Catalyzes the reversible conversion of beta-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) into two triose phosphate and plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. **Subunit / interactions.** Homotetramer. Interacts with ATP6V1E1. May interact with PLD2. **Pathway.** Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-glucose: step 4/4. **Miscellaneous.** In vertebrates, three forms of this ubiquitous glycolytic enzyme are found, aldolase A in muscle, aldolase B in liver and aldolase C in brain. **Similarity.** Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family. **RefSeq proteins (1):** `NP_005156`* (*=MANE) #### Domains & families (InterPro) | ID | Name | Type | | --- | --- | --- | | IPR000741 | FBA_I | Family | | IPR013785 | Aldolase_TIM | Homologous_superfamily | | IPR029768 | Aldolase_I_AS | Conserved_site | **Pfam:** `PF00274` #### Enzyme classification (BRENDA) - EC 4.1.2.13 — fructose-bisphosphate aldolase *(BRENDA: 162 organisms, 156 substrates, 386 inhibitors, 299 Km, 175 kcat entries)* #### Substrate kinetics (BRENDA) 12 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 12. *Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.* | Substrate | Km (mM) | Measurements | | --- | --- | --- | | D-FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATE | 0.0002–20 | 190 | | FRUCTOSE 1-PHOSPHATE | 0.007–27 | 42 | | D-FRUCTOSE 1-PHOSPHATE | 0.0017–40 | 20 | | D-FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATE | 0.015–0.45 | 16 | | D-GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE | 0.052–1.17 | 9 | | GLYCERONE PHOSPHATE | 0.065–2 | 8 | | SEDOHEPTULOSE 1,7-BISPHOSPHATE | 0.008–0.19 | 3 | | FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATE | 0.0036–0.009 | 2 | | SEDOHEPTULOSE 1,7-DIPHOSPHATE | 0.006–10 | 2 | | SEDOHEPTULOSE 7-PHOSPHATE | 0.0167–0.0195 | 2 | | D-XYLULOSE 1-PHOSPHATE | 0.0016 | 1 | | DIHYDROXYACETONE PHOSPHATE | 0.095 | 1 | #### Catalyzed reactions (Rhea) - beta-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate *(RHEA:14729)* **UniProt features (41 total):** helix 14, strand 10, modified residue 6, turn 4, active site 2, binding site 2, chain 1, sequence conflict 1, site 1 ### Structure #### Experimental structures (PDB) 1 structures by resolution: | PDB | Title | Method | Resolution (Å) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1XFB | Human Brain Fructose 1,6-(bis)phosphate Aldolase (C isozyme) | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 3 | #### Predicted structure (AlphaFold) | Model | pLDDT | Fraction very-high | | --- | --- | --- | | AF-P09972-F1 | 96.43 | 0.94 | ### Human Protein Atlas **Protein class:** Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Lyases, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Plasma proteins, Cancer-related genes, Candidate cancer biomarkers, Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, Essential proteins **Protein evidence:** Evidence at protein level **Subcellular location (HPA, imaging):** nucleoli fibrillar center; nucleoplasm; cytosol; vesicles **Antibody reliability (HPA):** IH enhanced · IF approved ### Functional residue map Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. *Source: UniProtKB sequence features.* #### Catalytic / active sites (3) | Position | Role | | --- | --- | | 188 | proton acceptor | | 230 | schiff-base intermediate with dihydroxyacetone-p | | 364 | necessary for preference for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate over fructose 1-phosphate | #### Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (2) | Position | Role | | --- | --- | | 56 | substrate | | 147 | substrate | #### Post-translational modifications (6) | Type | Positions | | --- | --- | | N6-acetyllysine | 111 | | Phosphoserine | 132, 36, 39, 45 | | Phosphotyrosine | 5 | ## Function ### Pathways and Gene Ontology #### Reactome pathways **3 curated (TAS)** of 8; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference). 8 pathways: | ID | Pathway | Evidence | | --- | --- | --- | | R-HSA-70263 | Gluconeogenesis | curated | | R-HSA-70171 | Glycolysis | curated | | R-HSA-6798695 | Neutrophil degranulation | curated | | R-HSA-70326 | Glucose metabolism | — | | R-HSA-168256 | Immune System | — | | R-HSA-168249 | Innate Immune System | — | | R-HSA-1430728 | Metabolism | — | | R-HSA-71387 | Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives | — | **MSigDB gene sets: 314** (showing top): `MORF_RAGE`, `GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT`, `GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_DIPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS`, `REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM`, `GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE`, `SP3_Q3`, `BOYAULT_LIVER_CANCER_SUBCLASS_G2`, `MENSE_HYPOXIA_UP`, `GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS`, `SHAFFER_IRF4_TARGETS_IN_ACTIVATED_B_LYMPHOCYTE`, `GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS`, `CERVERA_SDHB_TARGETS_1_DN`, `KEGG_GLYCOLYSIS_GLUCONEOGENESIS`, `GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS`, `COLIN_PILOCYTIC_ASTROCYTOMA_VS_GLIOBLASTOMA_UP` **GO Biological Process (5):** fructose metabolic process (GO:0006000), gluconeogenesis (GO:0006094), glycolytic process (GO:0006096), fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process (GO:0030388), epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030855) **GO Molecular Function (4):** fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity (GO:0004332), cytoskeletal protein binding (GO:0008092), protein binding (GO:0005515), lyase activity (GO:0016829) **GO Cellular Component (7):** extracellular region (GO:0005576), cytosol (GO:0005829), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), secretory granule lumen (GO:0034774), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), tertiary granule lumen (GO:1904724), ficolin-1-rich granule lumen (GO:1904813) #### Reactome top-level categories 5 top-level categories: | Category | Pathways | | --- | --- | | Glucose metabolism | 2 | | Innate Immune System | 1 | | Immune System | 1 | | Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives | 1 | | Metabolism | 1 | #### GO top-level categories 33 GO namespaces: | Category | Terms | | --- | --- | | cellular anatomical structure | 2 | | intracellular organelle lumen | 2 | | hexose metabolic process | 1 | | glucose metabolic process | 1 | | hexose biosynthetic process | 1 | | phosphoglycerate kinase activity | 1 | | phosphoglycerate mutase activity | 1 | | phosphopyruvate hydratase activity | 1 | | pyruvate kinase activity | 1 | | pyruvate metabolic process | 1 | | generation of precursor metabolites and energy | 1 | | aerobic respiration | 1 | | carbohydrate catabolic process | 1 | | pyridine nucleotide catabolic process | 1 | | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating, [NAD(P)+] ) activity | 1 | | ADP catabolic process | 1 | | ATP metabolic process | 1 | | nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process | 1 | | organophosphate metabolic process | 1 | | carbohydrate derivative metabolic process | 1 | | cell differentiation | 1 | | epithelium development | 1 | | aldehyde-lyase activity | 1 | | protein binding | 1 | | binding | 1 | | catalytic activity | 1 | | cytoplasm | 1 | | intracellular membraneless organelle | 1 | | secretory granule | 1 | | cytoplasmic vesicle lumen | 1 | | extracellular vesicle | 1 | | tertiary granule | 1 | | ficolin-1-rich granule | 1 | #### Experimentally-supported GO annotations GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 5 of 16 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA). 5 experimentally-supported GO terms: | GO term | NS | Evidence | | --- | --- | --- | | [epithelial cell differentiation](https://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030855) | BP | expression pattern | | [fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process](https://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030388) | BP | direct assay | | [extracellular exosome](https://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070062) | CC | high-throughput assay | | [cytoskeletal protein binding](https://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008092) | MF | direct assay | | [fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity](https://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004332) | MF | direct assay | ### Protein interactions and networks #### STRING showing 15 of 1,702 interactions by confidence (×1000): | Protein A | Protein B | Partner UniProt | Score | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ALDOC | PGK1 | P00558 | 672 | | ALDOC | TPI1 | P00938 | 663 | | ALDOC | PFKL | P17858 | 654 | | ALDOC | PFKP | Q01813 | 641 | | ALDOC | ENO1 | P06733 | 635 | | ALDOC | ENO2 | P09104 | 614 | | ALDOC | PFKM | P08237 | 601 | | ALDOC | PGAM4 | Q8N0Y7 | 595 | | ALDOC | ENO3 | P13929 | 593 | | ALDOC | PKM | P14618 | 587 | | ALDOC | LDHA | P00338 | 584 | | ALDOC | PGAM1 | P18669 | 580 | | ALDOC | SLC1A3 | P43003 | 547 | | ALDOC | FBP1 | P09467 | 522 | | ALDOC | PGK2 | P07205 | 515 | #### IntAct Human interaction partners of ALDOC in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records). 10 partners by confidence: | Partner | Interaction type | MIscore | Records | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ALDOA | association | 0.790 | 10 | | LNX1 | physical association | 0.720 | 6 | | CFTR | physical association | 0.640 | 1 | | ANKS1A | physical association | 0.560 | 3 | | PKM | phosphorylation reaction | 0.440 | 1 | | ERBB2 | physical association | 0.370 | 1 | | FMR1 | physical association | 0.370 | 1 | | MAP2K3 | physical association | 0.370 | 1 | | S100A9 | physical association | 0.370 | 1 | | SQLE | physical association | 0.370 | 1 | **BioGRID (188 interactions; top human partners by supporting records):** ALDOA (Two-hybrid; 28 records), BAG3 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), LNX1 (Two-hybrid; 2 records), ACO2 (Co-fractionation), ACTN4 (Co-fractionation), ADI1 (Co-fractionation), ADIPOR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), AGR2 (Proximity Label-MS), AGRN (Affinity Capture-MS), ALDOB (Affinity Capture-MS), AMBRA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANKRD34C (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), ANKS1A (Two-hybrid), APP (Affinity Capture-MS), ARHGAP17 (Co-fractionation) #### SIGNOR signaling 3 signaling interactions: | A | Effect | B | Mechanism | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ALDOC | "up-regulates quantity" | "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" | "chemical modification" | | ALDOC | "up-regulates quantity" | "glycerone phosphate(2-)" | "chemical modification" | | ALDOC | "down-regulates quantity" | "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" | "chemical modification" | ## Disease & clinical ### Genetic variants **Variant evidence for ALDOC:** [55 ClinVar records](#clinvar) (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic). #### ClinVar 55 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap): | Classification | Count (floor) | | --- | --- | | Pathogenic | 0 | | Likely pathogenic | 0 | | Uncertain significance | 46 | | Likely benign | 3 | | Benign | 1 | #### SpliceAI Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 32 predictions of 586): | Position(s) | Effect | Δscore | Sites | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 17:28573739 | donor_gain | 1.0000 | | | 17:28573935–28573936 | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 | 4 | | 17:28573938 | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 | | | 17:28574065–28574066 | donor_loss | 1.0000 | 3 | | 17:28574242 | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 | | | 17:28574492–28574493 | donor_loss | 1.0000 | 5 | | 17:28574611 | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 | | | 17:28574694–28574695 | donor_loss | 1.0000 | 5 | | 17:28574950–28574951 | donor_loss | 1.0000 | 5 | | 17:28575007–28575008 | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 | 6 | #### AlphaMissense 1,274 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 2,350 scored), across 287 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score: | Residue | Likely-pathogenic substitutions | Mean am_pathogenicity | Max am_pathogenicity | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | M233 | 9 | 0.964 | 0.992 | | D34 | 8 | 0.999 | 1.000 | | D110 | 8 | 0.998 | 0.999 | | F145 | 8 | 0.989 | 0.999 | | D129 | 8 | 0.988 | 0.996 | | F270 | 8 | 0.979 | 0.999 | | H197 | 8 | 0.959 | 0.989 | | F300 | 8 | 0.948 | 0.999 | | D194 | 8 | 0.945 | 0.988 | | H220 | 8 | 0.920 | 0.994 | | N167 | 8 | 0.900 | 0.997 | | F94 | 8 | 0.842 | 0.973 | | F64 | 8 | 0.840 | 0.976 | | H81 | 8 | 0.802 | 0.901 | | D219 | 8 | 0.763 | 0.918 | | W148 | 7 | 0.998 | 1.000 | | W296 | 7 | 0.996 | 1.000 | | E35 | 7 | 0.995 | 0.998 | | E188 | 7 | 0.994 | 0.999 | | K147 | 7 | 0.991 | 1.000 | ### HPA cancer prognostics **RNA cancer specificity:** Cancer enriched (Glioblastoma Multiforme) Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival. 2 prognostic cancer types: | Cancer | Prognostic | p-value | | --- | --- | --- | | Glioblastoma Multiforme (validation) | favorable | 0.000298 | | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TCGA) | unfavorable | 0.000842 | ### Disease associations **OMIM:** gene `MIM:103870` | disease phenotypes: ## Drugs & pharmacology ### Drug and pharmacology data **Is drug target: yes** **ChEMBL targets (1):** CHEMBL4295709 (SINGLE PROTEIN) **PharmGKB:** 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no) #### CTD chemical–gene interactions 119 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support. | Chemical | Actions (top 5) | PubMed papers | | --- | --- | --- | | bisphenol A | affects expression, decreases expression, increases expression | 5 | | sodium arsenite | decreases expression, increases expression | 4 | | Oxygen | increases expression | 4 | | Cisplatin | increases expression, increases reaction, decreases expression | 3 | | Tretinoin | increases expression, decreases expression | 3 | | Valproic Acid | affects expression, decreases expression, decreases methylation | 3 | | Cyclosporine | decreases expression | 3 | | Particulate Matter | decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment | 3 | | cobaltous chloride | increases expression, decreases reaction | 2 | | nickel sulfate | increases expression | 2 | | 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 2 | | bisphenol S | increases expression, affects cotreatment | 2 | | (+)-JQ1 compound | increases expression | 2 | | Arsenic Trioxide | affects binding, decreases reaction, decreases expression | 2 | | Air Pollutants | decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression | 2 | | Doxorubicin | affects expression, decreases expression | 2 | | Niclosamide | decreases expression, increases expression | 2 | | Phenylmercuric Acetate | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 2 | | Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin | decreases expression | 2 | | Tobacco Smoke Pollution | affects expression, increases expression | 2 | | Tunicamycin | decreases expression, increases expression | 2 | | p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 2 | | aristolochic acid I | increases expression | 1 | | GSK-J4 | increases expression | 1 | | afuresertib | increases expression | 1 | | bisphenol F | increases expression | 1 | | sotorasib | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 | | 2,4,6-tribromophenol | decreases expression | 1 | | alpha phellandrene | increases expression | 1 | | triphenyl phosphate | affects expression | 1 | #### ChEMBL screening assays 1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document): | Assay ID | Type | Description | Source paper | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | CHEMBL4119012 | Binding | Binding affinity to ALDOC in human NCI-H358 cells at 1 uM by mass spectrometry based pull down assay | Studies of TAK1-centered polypharmacology with novel covalent TAK1 inhibitors. — \*Bioorg Med Chem\* | #### Clinical trials (associated diseases) Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific. ## Related Atlas pages *No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.*