ALKAL1

Summary

ALKAL1 (ALK and LTK ligand 1, HGNC:33775) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 8q11.23, encoding ALK and LTK ligand 1 (Q6UXT8). Cytokine that acts as a physiological ligand for receptor tyrosine kinase LTK, leading to its activation.

Enables protein tyrosine kinase activator activity and signaling receptor binding activity. Involved in cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway; positive regulation of MAPK cascade; and positive regulation of neuron projection development. Is active in extracellular space.

Source: NCBI Gene 389658 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 58 total — 3 pathogenic, 6 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 2
• MANE Select transcript: NM_207413

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:33775
Approved symbol	ALKAL1
Name	ALK and LTK ligand 1
Location	8q11.23
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	UNQ9433, AUGB
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000196711
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	619670
Entrez	389658

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 2 protein_coding

ENST00000358543, ENST00000523939

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_207413 NM_207413

CCDS: CCDS6150

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000358543 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001410142	52565067	52565430
ENSE00001411800	52542392	52542445
ENSE00001414629	52539831	52539911
ENSE00001415907	52534037	52534600
ENSE00001417524	52538431	52538507

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 76 present calls, max score 83.19.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.2729 / max 39.4147, expressed in 127 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
93053	0.2729	127

Top tissues by expression

118 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	83.19	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	74.19	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	68.15	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	63.66	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	63.63	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	63.59	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	60.66	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	60.60	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	56.60	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	53.40	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	51.54	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	51.00	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	50.43	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	49.35	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	46.39	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	45.62	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	45.20	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	45.04	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	44.80	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	44.57	silver quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	44.27	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	43.98	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	43.91	silver quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	43.88	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	43.81	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	43.80	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	43.78	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	43.72	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	43.70	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	42.25	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	2.10

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

45 targeting ALKAL1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-27A-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-9985	99.98	72.11	2939
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-335-3P	99.93	73.36	4958
HSA-MIR-1305	99.91	71.43	3443
HSA-MIR-3671	99.90	73.04	3897
HSA-MIR-4496	99.88	68.89	2236
HSA-MIR-4799-5P	99.82	70.60	2663
HSA-MIR-3680-3P	99.75	72.51	3095
HSA-MIR-132-3P	99.73	70.56	1424
HSA-MIR-212-3P	99.73	70.65	1424
HSA-MIR-33A-3P	99.70	70.27	3362
HSA-MIR-12124	99.68	69.17	2700
HSA-MIR-5093	99.67	69.26	2291
HSA-MIR-4261	99.59	70.30	3415
HSA-MIR-7159-3P	99.51	70.17	1920
HSA-MIR-147B-5P	99.45	70.62	2432

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• Only two related secreted factors, FAM150A and FAM150B (family with sequence similarity 150 member A and member B), stimulated LTK phosphorylation. (PMID:25331893)
• In conclusion, these data show that ALK is robustly activated by the FAM150A/B ligands. (PMID:26418745)
• Data show that leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) ligand FAM150A (augmentor-beta; AUG-beta) is specific for LTK and only weakly binds to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). (PMID:26630010)
• activation of ALK/LTK family receptors by small ALKAL proteins (FAM150, AUG) conserved in vertebrates (PMID:29317532)
• MerTK[+] macrophages promote melanoma progression and immunotherapy resistance through AhR-ALKAL1 activation. (PMID:39365866)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	alkal1	ENSDARG00000074387
mus_musculus	Alkal1	ENSMUSG00000087247
rattus_norvegicus	Alkal1	ENSRNOG00000048703

Protein

Protein identifiers

ALK and LTK ligand 1 — Q6UXT8 (reviewed: Q6UXT8)

Alternative names: Augmentor beta

All UniProt accessions (1): Q6UXT8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Cytokine that acts as a physiological ligand for receptor tyrosine kinase LTK, leading to its activation. Monomeric ALKAL1 binds to LTK, leading to LTK homodimerization and activation. In contrast to ALKAL2, does not act as a potent physiological ligand for ALK.

Subcellular location. Secreted. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed with highest levels in thyroid and moderate levels in stomach, trachea, small intestine, prostate and brain.

Similarity. Belongs to the ALKAL family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q6UXT8-1	1	yes
Q6UXT8-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_997296* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR029364	ALKL1/2	Family

Pfam: PF15129

UniProt features (19 total): helix 7, mutagenesis site 3, strand 2, disulfide bond 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7NX0	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
7MK7	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.43
7MZZ	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q6UXT8-F1	68.29	0.00

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab): 1 — 7NX0

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (2): 90–126, 104–113

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (3):

Position	Phenotype
76	slightly reduced affinity for receptor tyrosine kinase ltk.
102	reduced affinity for receptor tyrosine kinase ltk.
115	reduced affinity for receptor tyrosine kinase ltk.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-201556	Signaling by ALK
R-HSA-9842663	Signaling by LTK
R-HSA-162582	Signal Transduction
R-HSA-9006934	Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

MSigDB gene sets: 69 (showing top): BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, GOBP_GROWTH, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_MAPK_CASCADE, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_FOOD, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, GOMF_KINASE_ACTIVATOR_ACTIVITY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM_GROWTH, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTRACELLULAR_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_NEURON_PROJECTION_DEVELOPMENT, GOMF_CYTOKINE_ACTIVITY, GOBP_CONNECTIVE_TISSUE_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_ERK1_AND_ERK2_CASCADE, GOBP_CELL_PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION, GOMF_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_BINDING

GO Biological Process (4): cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway (GO:0007169), positive regulation of neuron projection development (GO:0010976), positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade (GO:0070374), positive regulation of ERK5 cascade (GO:0070378)

GO Molecular Function (5): cytokine activity (GO:0005125), receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity (GO:0030298), receptor tyrosine kinase binding (GO:0030971), protein binding (GO:0005515), transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity (GO:0030297)

GO Cellular Component (4): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases	2
Signal Transduction	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	2
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway	1
regulation of neuron projection development	1
neuron projection development	1
positive regulation of cell projection organization	1
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1
ERK5 cascade	1
regulation of ERK5 cascade	1
receptor ligand activity	1
signaling receptor binding	1
protein tyrosine kinase binding	1
binding	1
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity	1
signaling receptor activator activity	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

182 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ALKAL1	LTK	P29376	793
ALKAL1	TRIM73	Q86UV7	540
ALKAL1	ZNF540	Q8NDQ6	479
ALKAL1	ALK	Q9UM73	477
ALKAL1	PTN	P21246	459
ALKAL1	FAM78A	Q5JUQ0	447
ALKAL1	RIMS4	Q9H426	447
ALKAL1	ZNF154	Q13106	446
ALKAL1	ZNF671	Q8TAW3	418
ALKAL1	RASSF10	A6NK89	391
ALKAL1	PCDHAC1	Q9H158	371
ALKAL1	KHDRBS2	Q5VWX1	370
ALKAL1	PRAC1	Q96KF2	370
ALKAL1	GRM6	O15303	324
ALKAL1	ZFP42	Q96MM3	279

IntAct

11 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ALKAL1	ALK	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.660
ALKAL1	ALK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.660
ALKAL1	ALK	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.660
LTK	ALKAL1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.590
LTK	ALKAL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.590
ALKAL1	LTK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.590

BioGRID (1): FAM150A (Affinity Capture-RNA)

ESM2 similar proteins: B2RZ42, D4A6L0, E1BBQ2, J3QPP8, O02695, O62827, P01346, P01356, P06307, P06881, P09535, P12755, P12843, P15473, P16611, P17936, P20959, P22444, P22692, P24854, P47878, P49002, P49192, P49705, P53366, P55107, P55108, P56388, P80560, P97737, Q05716, Q08DX6, Q16568, Q26492, Q4RU86, Q58CS8, Q5T848, Q63475, Q68RJ9, Q6DVA0

Diamond homologs: B2RZ42, E7F5F0, E7FAP8, F8W2C9, J3QPP8, Q4RU86, Q6UX46, Q6UXT8, Q80UG6

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

58 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	3
Likely pathogenic	6
Uncertain significance	41
Likely benign	5
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (9)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
154575	GRCh38/hg38 8q11.21-12.1(chr8:49471778-57825470)x1	Pathogenic
252969	GRCh37/hg19 8q11.23-12.3(chr8:53436131-65195953)x3	Pathogenic
4076003	GRCh37/hg19 8q11.21-12.3(chr8:52110882-62737934)x1	Pathogenic
545362	Single allele	Likely pathogenic
545363	Single allele	Likely pathogenic
545364	Single allele	Likely pathogenic
545365	Single allele	Likely pathogenic
545366	Single allele	Likely pathogenic
545367	Single allele	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1023 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
8:52538429:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
8:52538430:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
8:52538508:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:52539824:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
8:52539825:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
8:52539825:ACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
8:52539826:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
8:52539826:CTT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
8:52539828:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
8:52539829:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
8:52539829:ACAAG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
8:52539830:C:CG	donor_gain	1.0000
8:52539830:CA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
8:52539830:CAA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
8:52539830:CAAG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
8:52539830:CAAGC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
8:52539849:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
8:52539907:CGGCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:52539908:GGCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:52539909:GCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:52539910:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:52539910:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:52539910:CCCTA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:52539911:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:52539911:CCTAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:52539912:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:52539912:C:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:52539913:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:52539918:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:52539920:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

813 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
8:52538483:A:G	L117S	0.998
8:52539845:C:G	C104S	0.997
8:52539846:A:T	C104S	0.997
8:52542417:T:A	K73N	0.997
8:52542417:T:G	K73N	0.997
8:52538474:A:G	L120S	0.995
8:52538494:A:C	C113W	0.995
8:52538495:C:T	C113Y	0.995
8:52538500:T:A	K111N	0.995
8:52538500:T:G	K111N	0.995
8:52539846:A:G	C104R	0.995
8:52539864:A:C	Y98D	0.995
8:52539887:C:G	C90S	0.995
8:52539888:A:T	C90S	0.995
8:52538456:C:G	C126S	0.994
8:52538457:A:T	C126S	0.994
8:52538495:C:G	C113S	0.994
8:52538496:A:T	C113S	0.994
8:52538496:A:G	C113R	0.992
8:52539874:G:C	F94L	0.992
8:52539874:G:T	F94L	0.992
8:52539876:A:G	F94L	0.992
8:52539888:A:G	C90R	0.992
8:52542418:T:A	K73I	0.992
8:52538492:G:T	A114D	0.991
8:52539869:C:G	R96P	0.991
8:52538455:G:C	C126W	0.990
8:52538456:C:T	C126Y	0.990
8:52538457:A:G	C126R	0.990
8:52538495:C:A	C113F	0.989

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000001045 (8:52548530 A>G), RS1000036630 (8:52541763 A>T), RS1000205718 (8:52540782 C>T), RS1000277235 (8:52555221 C>A), RS1000284729 (8:52548208 G>A), RS1000292222 (8:52536188 C>G), RS1000360174 (8:52561128 A>C), RS1000371696 (8:52561429 G>A), RS1000378061 (8:52563322 G>A,T), RS1000642427 (8:52537704 T>A), RS1000944571 (8:52537455 C>T), RS1000992365 (8:52566933 TAAAAA>T,TAAAA,TAAAAAA), RS1000992948 (8:52558716 T>C), RS1001028516 (8:52537709 T>C), RS1001042184 (8:52554114 C>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619670 | disease phenotypes: MIM:181500, MIM:209850

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (2): schizophrenia (MONDO:0005090), autism (MONDO:0005260)

Orphanet (1): NON RARE IN EUROPE: Schizophrenia (Orphanet:3140)

HPO phenotypes

2 total (2 of 2 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0100753	Schizophrenia
HP:0000717	Autism

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004807_1	Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis (liver involvement)	2.000000e-08
GCST006291_33	Spherical equivalent or myopia (age of diagnosis)	6.000000e-13
GCST010002_299	Refractive error	7.000000e-25

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004847	age at onset

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D001321	Autistic Disorder	F03.625.164.113.500

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

11 total (human), top 11 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
3-((6-(2-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)methane sulfonamide	decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
terbufos	increases methylation	1
butylbenzyl phthalate	increases expression	1
Dasatinib	increases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Allergens	increases expression	1
Amiodarone	increases expression	1
Fonofos	increases methylation	1
Parathion	increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00000374	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment for First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00001656	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Clozapine vs Olanzapine in Childhood-Onset Psychotic Disorders
NCT00007774	PHASE4	COMPLETED	To Determine if Olanzapine is More Cost Effective Than Haloperidol for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00014001	PHASE4	COMPLETED	CATIE- Schizophrenia Trial
NCT00018668	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Antipsychotic Response in Schizophrenia
NCT00034801	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Active Comparator in the Treatment of Depression in Patients With Schizophrenia
NCT00034905	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Comparison of Seroquel vs. Risperidone in Schizophrenia
NCT00036088	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus An Active Comparator in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00044187	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Assessment of a Weight-Gain Agent for the Treatment of Olanzapine-Associated Anti-Obesity Agent in Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00044655	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Switching Medication to Treat Schizophrenia
NCT00048828	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treating Drug-Resistant Childhood Schizophrenia
NCT00053703	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Early Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS)
NCT00056498	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Risperidone Treatment in Schizophrenia Patients Who Are Currently Taking Clozapine
NCT00061802	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Two Atypical Antipsychotics vs. Placebo in Patients With an Acute Exacerbation of Either Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00080327	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Three Doses of Aripiprazole in Patients With Acute Schizophrenia
NCT00088049	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Olanzapine vs. Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00090012	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Continuing Olanzapine to Switching to Quetiapine in Overweight or Obese Patients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00100776	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of High Dose Olanzapine for the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00103571	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Acutely Ill Patients With Schizophrenia
NCT00108368	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effects of Risperidone and Olanzapine on Thinking
NCT00114595	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Tardive Dyskinesia
NCT00130923	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Risperidone Long-acting Versus Oral Risperidone in Patients With Schizophrenia and Alcohol Use Disorder
NCT00137020	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clinical Effect Of Cross Titration Of Antipsychotics With Ziprasidone In Schizophrenia Or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00140166	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Acute Schizophrenia With Vitamin Therapy
NCT00145847	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Naltrexone Treatment of Alcohol Abuse in Schizophrenia
NCT00148564	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Energy Homeostasis Under Treatment With Atypical Antipsychotics
NCT00156715	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Quetiapine in the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia and a Comorbid Substance Use Disorder
NCT00158223	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Pimozide in Augmenting the Effects of Clozapine in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00159081	PHASE4	COMPLETED	One Year Drug Treatment in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159120	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Maintenance Treatment vs. Stepwise Drug Discontinuation in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159133	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prodrome-Based Early Intervention With Antipsychotics vs. Benzodiazepines in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159757	PHASE4	TERMINATED	12 Week Open, Non-Comparative Switch Study Of Oral Ziprazidone In Previously Treated Schizophrenic Patients
NCT00167817	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Switch to Aripiprazole on Health and Smoking Parameters in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study
NCT00169026	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Alcoholism and Schizophrenia: Effects of Clozapine
NCT00169039	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Clozapine Versus Chlorpromazine for Treatment-Unresponsive Schizophrenia
NCT00169065	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Clozapine Versus Olanzapine for Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia
NCT00169091	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Clozapine Versus Haloperidol for Treating the First Episode of Schizophrenia
NCT00176423	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Study of Galantamine for Cognitive Impairments in Schizophrenia
NCT00176436	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine for Treatment of Weight Gain in Olanzapine or Clozapine Patients
NCT00177008	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aripiprazole for the Treatment of Schizophrenia With Co-Morbid Social Anxiety