ANGEL1

Summary

ANGEL1 (angel homolog 1, HGNC:19961) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 14q24.3, encoding RNA 2’,3’-cyclic phosphatase ANGEL1 (Q9UNK9). Exhibits weak RNA 2’,3’-cyclic phosphatase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of RNA molecules with a 2’,3’-cyclic phosphate at the 3’ end to produce RNA with a linear 3’-phosphate group.

Enables eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding activity and protein domain specific binding activity. Located in several cellular components, including cis-Golgi network; endoplasmic reticulum; and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. Is active in mitochondrial outer membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 23357 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 113 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 1
• MANE Select transcript: NM_015305

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:19961
Approved symbol	ANGEL1
Name	angel homolog 1
Location	14q24.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	Ccr4e
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000013523
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	619537
Entrez	23357

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 7 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000251089, ENST00000554058, ENST00000554941, ENST00000555079, ENST00000556072, ENST00000556298, ENST00000557179, ENST00000557497, ENST00000851327, ENST00000939771

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_015305 NM_001370746, NM_001370747, NM_001370748, NM_015305

CCDS: CCDS9852

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000251089 — 10 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000808468	76786009	76789388
ENSE00000808471	76812764	76812882
ENSE00004022767	76806416	76806849
ENSE00004022768	76809059	76809643
ENSE00004022769	76791297	76791366
ENSE00004022770	76807433	76807502
ENSE00004022771	76803371	76803481
ENSE00004022772	76790611	76790774
ENSE00004022774	76803786	76803912
ENSE00004022775	76807922	76808148

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 279 present calls, max score 94.29.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 7.0668 / max 82.9996, expressed in 1739 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (7 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
144172	6.9007	1739
144170	0.0956	39
144171	0.0403	10
144174	0.0140	3
144175	0.0101	3
144176	0.0042	3
144173	0.0019	2

Top tissues by expression

293 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	94.29	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	94.09	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	93.96	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	92.71	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	91.72	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	89.73	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	88.68	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	88.04	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	87.98	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	87.81	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	87.78	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	87.19	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	86.73	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	86.60	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	86.53	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	86.29	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	86.11	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	85.95	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	85.84	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	85.82	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	85.66	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	85.34	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	85.26	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	85.15	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	85.09	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	84.97	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	84.76	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	84.64	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	84.63	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	84.61	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	6.87

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

112 targeting ANGEL1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-9-5P	100.00	72.28	2361
HSA-MIR-4692	100.00	67.32	2066
HSA-MIR-4789-3P	99.99	70.75	2484
HSA-MIR-4514	99.99	67.10	1870
HSA-MIR-4789-5P	99.98	70.76	2721
HSA-MIR-3692-3P	99.98	70.27	2139
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-3910	99.95	71.13	2227
HSA-MIR-185-3P	99.95	67.01	1743
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-548AD-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548AE-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548AY-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548B-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548D-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-3119	99.92	71.34	2390
HSA-MIR-6124	99.87	69.78	3551
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-1323	99.83	69.89	2471
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-4668-5P	99.79	70.58	3782
HSA-MIR-4802-3P	99.72	70.13	1273
HSA-MIR-4306	99.72	70.50	3630
HSA-MIR-149-3P	99.72	68.22	3963
HSA-MIR-3714	99.71	70.74	2671
HSA-MIR-1197	99.70	67.75	1027
HSA-MIR-548M	99.70	68.87	1749
HSA-MIR-4530	99.69	66.47	1509

Cross-species orthologs

7 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	angel1	ENSDARG00000077567
mus_musculus	Angel1	ENSMUSG00000021257
rattus_norvegicus	Angel1	ENSRNOG00000010567
drosophila_melanogaster	twin	FBGN0011725
drosophila_melanogaster	angel	FBGN0016762
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00000376
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00020955

Paralogs (5): CNOT6 (ENSG00000113300), CNOT6L (ENSG00000138767), NOCT (ENSG00000151014), ANGEL2 (ENSG00000174606), PDE12 (ENSG00000174840)

Protein

Protein identifiers

RNA 2’,3’-cyclic phosphatase ANGEL1 — Q9UNK9 (reviewed: Q9UNK9)

All UniProt accessions (5): Q9UNK9, A0A3B3IU54, G3V414, G3V437, G3V5C4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Exhibits weak RNA 2’,3’-cyclic phosphatase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of RNA molecules with a 2’,3’-cyclic phosphate at the 3’ end to produce RNA with a linear 3’-phosphate group. Plays a role in the non-stop mRNA decay pathway (NSD), which specifically targets and degrades mRNAs that lack a proper stop codon.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with EIF4E. Interacts with SKIC2.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion outer membrane. Golgi apparatus. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Similarity. Belongs to the CCR4/nocturin family.

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001357675, NP_001357676, NP_001357677, NP_056120* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR005135	Endo/exonuclease/phosphatase	Domain
IPR036691	Endo/exonu/phosph_ase_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050410	CCR4/nocturin_mRNA_transcr	Family

Pfam: PF03372

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 2 shown:

• a 3’-end 2’,3’-cyclophospho-ribonucleotide-RNA + 2 H2O = a 3’-end ribonucleotide-RNA + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:85011)
• a 3’-end 2’-phospho-ribonucleotide-RNA + H2O = a 3’-end ribonucleotide-RNA + phosphate (RHEA:85191)

UniProt features (18 total): binding site 7, sequence variant 3, modified residue 2, mutagenesis site 2, sequence conflict 2, chain 1, short sequence motif 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9UNK9-F1	70.65	0.42

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (7): 251; 298; 298; 392; 433; 435; 656

Post-translational modifications (2): 105, 77

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

Position	Phenotype
298	disrupts function in non-stop mrna decay.
507	loss of interaction with eif4e.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 150 (showing top): RRAGTTGT_UNKNOWN, TGCTGCT_MIR15A_MIR16_MIR15B_MIR195_MIR424_MIR497, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GOBP_MACROMOLECULE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, ACEVEDO_LIVER_CANCER_WITH_H3K27ME3_UP, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, AACWWCAANK_UNKNOWN, PATIL_LIVER_CANCER, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_48HR_DN, chr14q24, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_ENVELOPE, AACTTT_UNKNOWN, KIM_GASTRIC_CANCER_CHEMOSENSITIVITY, FOXJ2_02

GO Biological Process (1): nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay (GO:0070481)

GO Molecular Function (6): mRNA 3’-UTR binding (GO:0003730), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding (GO:0008190), protein domain specific binding (GO:0019904), RNA 2’,3’-cyclic phosphatase activity (GO:0160272), catalytic activity (GO:0003824), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): nucleus (GO:0005634), mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), cis-Golgi network (GO:0005801), cytosol (GO:0005829), perinuclear region of cytoplasm (GO:0048471)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	3
cytoplasm	3
cellular anatomical structure	2
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process	1
mRNA binding	1
translation initiation factor binding	1
protein binding	1
phosphatase activity	1
catalytic activity, acting on RNA	1
molecular_function	1
binding	1
mitochondrial membrane	1
organelle outer membrane	1
endomembrane system	1
Golgi apparatus	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

516 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ANGEL1	VASH1	Q7L8A9	845
ANGEL1	POMT2	Q9UKY4	735
ANGEL1	TGFB3	P10600	579
ANGEL1	TMEM43	Q9BTV4	549
ANGEL1	DDX19A	Q9NUU7	512
ANGEL1	RNF187	Q5TA31	491
ANGEL1	CNOT8	Q9UFF9	483
ANGEL1	GEMIN5	Q8TEQ6	472
ANGEL1	PARN	O95453	458
ANGEL1	NSUN6	Q8TEA1	455
ANGEL1	LDAF1	Q96B96	441
ANGEL1	PNLDC1	Q8NA58	439
ANGEL1	NAGA	P17050	433
ANGEL1	DSC2	Q02487	429
ANGEL1	DSC3	Q14574	428

IntAct

61 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
EIF4E	EIF4G3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.810
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
ZNF414	AHCYL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
HTR2C	KLRG2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SCNN1D	ABHD16A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DISC1	AP4M1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZAR1L	BCL2L11	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CD63	LGALS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PB2	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PB2	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PB2	IPO5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HSCB	RBP5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KSR1	FBLL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KSR1		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PB2	DNAJB6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IQCN	TARSL2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZNF414	ANKHD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
APOBEC3D	IGF2BP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FGFRL1	BACH1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SSH3	HSPA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (108): ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANGEL1 (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JPH4, A6H7I3, A8MS41, A9JRL3, B2RYM0, E1C3P4, F1ND48, O35710, O81916, P55265, P55266, P57097, P79942, P97573, Q09M05, Q0WKY2, Q149N8, Q1RMU2, Q2TBA3, Q4U2V3, Q5E9N9, Q5R6Z9, Q5RED8, Q5RGT6, Q5VTE6, Q5XIX3, Q60805, Q66H62, Q6DD21, Q6P549, Q7TPQ3, Q80TQ2, Q8K1C0, Q8K2I9, Q8K4J0, Q8NFZ0, Q8VCU0, Q96MI9, Q99MU3, Q99MV5

Diamond homologs: A1CIJ6, A1CW67, A2BHJ4, A2Q9L0, A8JQX3, B2RYM0, C4V7I7, O74874, P0CP22, P0CP23, P31384, P79942, Q0CT27, Q0U7W4, Q1EA11, Q2UUI3, Q4P9T3, Q4WQG5, Q5A761, Q5B778, Q5BJ41, Q5XH73, Q6AXU9, Q6BMM5, Q6CEJ6, Q6CJU4, Q6FRT2, Q6IR85, Q75BI3, Q8K1C0, Q8K3P5, Q8SU52, Q8VCU0, Q8VEG6, Q8W0Z9, Q96LI5, Q9C2R2, Q9M2F8, Q9ULM6, Q9UNK9

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 72 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
translational initiation	5	28.0×	5e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

113 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	100
Likely benign	4
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
208506	GRCh37/hg19 14q24.2-q24.3(chr14:73152115..77698582)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1548 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
14:76790770:CAGTC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76790775:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76791378:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76803366:ATTAC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
14:76803367:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
14:76803368:TACCT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
14:76803369:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
14:76803370:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
14:76803370:CCTGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
14:76803477:TCTCT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76803478:CTCT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76803478:CTCTC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76803479:TCTC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:76803479:TCTCT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76803480:CT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76803481:TC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:76803482:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76803482:C:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:76803483:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:76803490:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76803490:C:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76803491:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76803785:CCT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
14:76803911:ACC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:76803913:CT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:76806418:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
14:76806846:AAGC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76806847:AGCC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:76806850:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:76806850:CT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

4347 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
14:76807486:T:A	E298V	0.999
14:76807973:C:A	W275C	0.999
14:76807973:C:G	W275C	0.999
14:76807975:A:G	W275R	0.999
14:76807975:A:T	W275R	0.999
14:76789277:T:A	D655V	0.998
14:76789298:G:T	P648H	0.998
14:76806585:A:G	L404P	0.998
14:76806587:C:A	K403N	0.998
14:76806587:C:G	K403N	0.998
14:76806774:A:G	F341S	0.998
14:76806790:A:C	Y336D	0.998
14:76806793:A:G	C335R	0.998
14:76806798:G:T	A333D	0.998
14:76806804:C:T	G331D	0.998
14:76807492:A:G	L296P	0.998
14:76807965:C:G	R278P	0.998
14:76807966:G:T	R278S	0.998
14:76789275:G:C	H656D	0.997
14:76789277:T:G	D655A	0.997
14:76789299:G:A	P648S	0.997
14:76806491:A:C	N435K	0.997
14:76806491:A:T	N435K	0.997
14:76806498:T:A	D433V	0.997
14:76806589:T:C	K403E	0.997
14:76806598:C:G	G400R	0.997
14:76806600:C:G	R399P	0.997
14:76806687:A:G	L370P	0.997
14:76806707:A:C	N363K	0.997
14:76806707:A:T	N363K	0.997

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000207153 (14:76789928 G>A), RS1000348240 (14:76813946 C>T), RS1000466767 (14:76796050 A>G,T), RS1000690432 (14:76802379 T>C), RS1000997428 (14:76802638 C>T), RS1001113955 (14:76808368 C>A), RS1001159699 (14:76792630 TA>T,TAA), RS1001345611 (14:76799416 CCCGAGT>C), RS1001359381 (14:76786446 G>C), RS1001374539 (14:76805989 A>G,T), RS1001672553 (14:76799701 T>C), RS1002012275 (14:76798471 G>A), RS1002064733 (14:76798870 C>A), RS1002134503 (14:76794608 T>C), RS1002364272 (14:76807793 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619537 | disease phenotypes: MIM:614429

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): ventricular septal defect (MONDO:0002070)

Orphanet (1): NON RARE IN EUROPE: Ventricular septal defect (Orphanet:1480)

HPO phenotypes

1 total (1 of 1 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0001629	Ventricular septal defect

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D006345	Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular	C14.240.400.560.540; C14.280.400.560.540; C16.131.240.400.560.540

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

18 total (human), top 18 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Atrazine	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Diuron	decreases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	increases expression	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	affects expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1
Sodium Selenite	decreases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1
Acrylamide	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

46 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02914652	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Cardiopulmonary Effect of Inhaled Beta-2-agonists on Adult Patients Born With Ventricular Septum Defects.
NCT05688670	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Regional Anesthesia Following Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
NCT00000470	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Infant Heart Surgery: Central Nervous System Sequelae of Circulatory Arrest
NCT00113698	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Children With Mitral Regurgitation
NCT05253209	PHASE3	TERMINATED	A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of IV L-Citrulline for the Prevention of Clinical Sequelae of Acute Lung Injury Induced by Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects
NCT00199771	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Hypertonic Saline Dextran in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
NCT00556361	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Use of Ketamine Prior to Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Children
NCT00848393	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Measures to Lower the Stress Response in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
NCT04017975	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Optical Tissue Identification for Myocardial Architecture
NCT01825369	PHASE1	WITHDRAWN	Aberrations in Carnitine Homeostasis in Congenital Heart Disease With Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
NCT01915277	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Phase I Study of Dexmedetomidine Bolus and Infusion in Corrective Infant Cardiac Surgery: Safety and Pharmacokinetics
NCT01120964	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Intravenous L-Citrulline to Treat Children Undergoing Heart Bypass Surgery : Revised Protocol
NCT06298344	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	The Role of Thiamine After Transcatheter Closure in Children With Left-to-Right Shunt Congenital Heart Disease
NCT00005190	Not specified	COMPLETED	Reproduction and Survival After Cardiac Defect Repair
NCT00005322	Not specified	COMPLETED	Molecular Genetic Epidemiology of Endocardial Cushion Defects - SCOR in Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease
NCT00005546	Not specified	COMPLETED	Molecular Genetic Epidemiology of Three Cardiac Defects -SCOR in Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease
NCT00006272	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Study of Energy Expenditure in Infants With Ventricular Septal Defects
NCT00173186	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Aortic Regurgitation After Surgical Repair of Outlet-Type Ventricular Septal Defect
NCT00229827	Not specified	TERMINATED	Optimal Timing for Repair of Left to Right Shunt Lesions
NCT00390702	Not specified	COMPLETED	Safety and Effectiveness of the Nit-Occlud® Lê VSD Spiral Coil System
NCT00583505	Not specified	NO_LONGER_AVAILABLE	Emergency/Compassionate Use - Membranous VSD Occluder
NCT00583791	Not specified	COMPLETED	Closure of Muscular Ventricular Septal Defects With The AMPLATZER™ Muscular VSD Occluder
NCT00590382	Not specified	APPROVED_FOR_MARKETING	Emergency/Compassionate Use - Muscular VSD Occluder
NCT00647387	Not specified	COMPLETED	Closure of Muscular Ventricular Septal Defects (VSDs) With the AMPLATZER Muscular VSD (MuVSD) Occluder - Post Approval Study
NCT00890799	Not specified	COMPLETED	Transcatheter Closure Versus Surgery of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects
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NCT01480908	Not specified	COMPLETED	Right Bundle Branch Block After Surgical Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect
NCT02138435	Not specified	COMPLETED	Longterm Outcome After Ventricular Septal Defect Closure
NCT02361008	Not specified	COMPLETED	A Randomized Controlled Trial:Treatments on Infundibular Ventricular Septal Defect
NCT02552485	Not specified	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Latent Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Congenital Shunt Lesions
NCT03127748	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Cardiac Function After Transcatheter VSD Closure
NCT03684161	Not specified	COMPLETED	Cardiopulmonary Function in Adults Born With a Ventricular Septal Defect
NCT03941691	Not specified	UNKNOWN	A Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Fully Degradable Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Closure
NCT04417712	Not specified	COMPLETED	Lifetech KONAR MFO Post-Market Clinical Follow-Up Study
NCT04667455	Not specified	COMPLETED	Improving Care for Children With Congenital Heart Disease.
NCT04859036	Not specified	COMPLETED	The Effect of Transcatheter Ventricular Septal Defect Closure on Heart Rate Variability Parameters
NCT05200910	Not specified	COMPLETED	The Effect of Transcatheter VSD Closure on Children’s Appetite, Hormones and Growth
NCT05939713	Not specified	COMPLETED	Cera™ VSD Occluder Post Market Clinical Follow-up
NCT06214182	Not specified	COMPLETED	Immune Heterogeneity Before and After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Children
NCT06492473	Not specified	RECRUITING	Clinical Evaluation Of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) In Children at Sohag Univesity Hospital