ANKRD44

gene
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Also known as PP6-ARS-B

Summary

ANKRD44 (ankyrin repeat domain 44, HGNC:25259) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q33.1, encoding Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory ankyrin repeat subunit B (Q8N8A2). Putative regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) that may be involved in the recognition of phosphoprotein substrates.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 13
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 156 total — 7 pathogenic, 1 likely-pathogenic
  • Druggable target: yes
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001195144

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:25259
Approved symbolANKRD44
Nameankyrin repeat domain 44
Location2q33.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesPP6-ARS-B
Ensembl geneENSG00000065413
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM620861
Entrez91526

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 9 protein_coding, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000282272, ENST00000328737, ENST00000409153, ENST00000409919, ENST00000422886, ENST00000424317, ENST00000443014, ENST00000447713, ENST00000463879, ENST00000473081, ENST00000477852, ENST00000486006, ENST00000647377, ENST00000871701

RefSeq mRNA: 5 — MANE Select: NM_001195144 NM_001195144, NM_001367495, NM_001367496, NM_001367497, NM_153697

CCDS: CCDS33355, CCDS74619, CCDS92920

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000282272 — 28 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001700541196986662196989649
ENSE00003795682197310578197310780
ENSE00003801238196995379196995461
ENSE00003801352197008944197009031
ENSE00003801758197081645197081725
ENSE00003802097197125837197126037
ENSE00003803379197110766197110844
ENSE00003803555197086680197086748
ENSE00003804682197121332197121544
ENSE00003805035197005694197005910
ENSE00003805191197083369197083509
ENSE00003805328197078703197078814
ENSE00003805439197001753197001840
ENSE00003806807197136592197136662
ENSE00003808023196993583196993674
ENSE00003808060197088711197088774
ENSE00003809168196998337196998419
ENSE00003809427197000419197000502
ENSE00003809535197007806197007923
ENSE00003810210197099816197099930
ENSE00003810251196998907196999052
ENSE00003810298197013511197013712
ENSE00003810373197025196197025267
ENSE00003810618197187023197187106
ENSE00003810691197089950197090032
ENSE00003810828197147027197147105
ENSE00003811241197125381197125468
ENSE00003811307197122650197122792

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 248 present calls, max score 97.09.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 14.8023 / max 443.4716, expressed in 1322 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
330647.7540821
330634.0174939
330661.6520479
330651.1783344
2025270.130261
330600.070331

Top tissues by expression

254 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
monocyteCL:000057697.09gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073896.80gold quality
bone marrow cellCL:000209295.50gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreasCL:000008395.13gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017894.90gold quality
thymusUBERON:000237094.51gold quality
vermiform appendixUBERON:000115494.16gold quality
lymph nodeUBERON:000002994.02gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynxUBERON:000195193.93gold quality
superficial temporal arteryUBERON:000161493.87gold quality
visceral pleuraUBERON:000240193.66gold quality
corpus callosumUBERON:000233692.73gold quality
bone marrowUBERON:000237192.21gold quality
tonsilUBERON:000237291.75gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162591.31gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009490.97gold quality
caecumUBERON:000115390.73gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370190.53gold quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548890.24gold quality
right lungUBERON:000216789.89gold quality
lower lobe of lungUBERON:000894989.77gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039789.46gold quality
spleenUBERON:000210689.39gold quality
lungUBERON:000204889.35gold quality
amniotic fluidUBERON:000017389.29gold quality
parietal pleuraUBERON:000240089.23gold quality
cortical plateUBERON:000534389.10gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583389.07gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347388.99gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinusUBERON:000503088.74gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 10 experiment(s), a significant marker in 10.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-2yes4073.04
E-GEOD-131882yes1496.83
E-GEOD-180759yes1358.26
E-CURD-119yes1015.60
E-MTAB-11268yes667.78
E-HCAD-35yes37.44
E-MTAB-6678yes34.80
E-ANND-3yes23.54
E-CURD-122yes21.10
E-HCAD-25yes18.41

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

27 targeting ANKRD44, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4747-5P100.0067.902681
HSA-MIR-5196-5P100.0067.982761
HSA-MIR-3163100.0077.238605
HSA-MIR-428299.9975.366408
HSA-MIR-548AN99.9770.912817
HSA-MIR-548AA99.9670.643753
HSA-MIR-548AP-3P99.9670.643753
HSA-MIR-548T-3P99.9670.643753
HSA-MIR-548AT-5P99.9670.832666
HSA-MIR-124-3P99.8973.743043
HSA-MIR-506-3P99.8973.553057
HSA-MIR-3156-3P99.7666.72939
HSA-MIR-7152-5P99.6069.332094
HSA-MIR-24-3P99.5969.971934
HSA-MIR-428499.3665.251293
HSA-MIR-6507-5P99.3670.462524
HSA-MIR-329-5P99.2768.111597
HSA-MIR-10522-5P99.2668.502087
HSA-MIR-181A-2-3P98.9167.601168
HSA-MIR-619-3P98.3865.58693
HSA-MIR-490-3P97.7965.54606
HSA-MIR-127-5P97.7867.64869
HSA-MIR-215-3P97.0268.011209
HSA-MIR-3152-5P96.9866.88819
HSA-MIR-447195.1166.84755
HSA-MIR-805995.1166.30646
HSA-MIR-430195.0065.22554

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioankrd44ENSDARG00000026028
mus_musculusAnkrd44ENSMUSG00000052331
rattus_norvegicusAnkrd44ENSRNOG00000021384

Paralogs (3): ANKRD52 (ENSG00000139645), ANKRD55 (ENSG00000164512), ANKRD28 (ENSG00000206560)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory ankyrin repeat subunit BQ8N8A2 (reviewed: Q8N8A2)

Alternative names: Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 44

All UniProt accessions (6): Q8N8A2, A0A2R8Y7Y4, C9JY51, F8WBW3, H7C209, H7C4A0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Putative regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) that may be involved in the recognition of phosphoprotein substrates.

Subunit / interactions. Protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) holoenzyme is proposed to be a heterotrimeric complex formed by the catalytic subunit, a SAPS domain-containing subunit (PP6R) and an ankyrin repeat-domain containing regulatory subunit (ARS). Interacts with PPP6R1.

Isoforms (5)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q8N8A2-11yes
Q8N8A2-22
Q8N8A2-33
Q8N8A2-44
Q8N8A2-55

RefSeq proteins (5): NP_001182073, NP_001354424, NP_001354425, NP_001354426, NP_710181 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR002110Ankyrin_rptRepeat
IPR036770Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sfHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00023, PF12796, PF13637

UniProt features (40 total): repeat 28, splice variant 7, sequence conflict 4, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q8N8A2-F190.570.80

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 243 (showing top): ZHAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_PR_DN, GATA1_02, BERNARD_PPAPDC1B_TARGETS_UP, ZHENG_BOUND_BY_FOXP3, ZHENG_FOXP3_TARGETS_IN_T_LYMPHOCYTE_DN, PASQUALUCCI_LYMPHOMA_BY_GC_STAGE_DN, WANG_SMARCE1_TARGETS_UP, MODULE_358, JOHNSTONE_PARVB_TARGETS_3_DN, MODULE_525, GOBERT_OLIGODENDROCYTE_DIFFERENTIATION_DN, KATSANOU_ELAVL1_TARGETS_UP, GCNP_SHH_UP_EARLY.V1_DN, WINTER_HYPOXIA_DN, HMGA1_TARGET_GENES

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (0):

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
binding1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1518 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
ANKRD44PPP6R1Q9UPN7774
ANKRD44PPP6R2O75170713
ANKRD44PPP6R3Q5H9R7695
ANKRD44PPP6CO00743688
ANKRD44RFTN2Q52LD8479
ANKRD44OR6C74A6NCV1418
ANKRD44PLCL1Q15111379
ANKRD44ANKRD28O15084364
ANKRD44ANKRD52Q8NB46360
ANKRD44C7orf57Q8NEG2353
ANKRD44ZNF223Q9UK11348
ANKRD44BOLLQ8N9W6339
ANKRD44TPPP2P59282318
ANKRD44FGD6Q6ZV73314
ANKRD44OR10J5Q8NHC4314

IntAct

54 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
PPP6R1PPP6Cpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.920
PPP6CANKRD28psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.870
ANKRD28PPP6Cpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.870
PPP6R1ANKRD44psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.800
ANKRD44PPP6Cpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.790
ANKRD44ANKRD28psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.710
ANKRD44WWP2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
WWP2ANKRD44psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
USP10ANKRD28psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.610
ANKRD44USP6psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.570
ANKRD44USP6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.570
ANKRD44USP6psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)0.570
SDCBPTARS3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
MOB1APPP6Cpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.420
Ppp6r3PPP6Cpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.420
KRTAP4-12ANKRD44psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
ANKRD44USP6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
ANKRD44psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
Ppp6r1PPP6Cpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
Ppp6cPLEKHG3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
HIF1ANCNOT1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ORF48ANKRD28psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
PLK1ERCC6Lpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (97): ANKRD44 (Two-hybrid), ANKRD44 (Affinity Capture-RNA), ANKRD28 (Affinity Capture-MS), NOTCH1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NOTCH2 (Affinity Capture-MS), NOTCH3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PPP6R2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANKFY1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PPP6R1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PPP6R3 (Affinity Capture-MS), HIF1AN (Affinity Capture-MS), MTCL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PPP6C (Affinity Capture-MS), CDKN2C (Affinity Capture-MS), ANKRD44 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2AS55, B2RXR6, O15084, O75832, P0C927, Q08DV6, Q0P5B9, Q29RM5, Q2TB02, Q3SX45, Q495B1, Q499M5, Q4V890, Q502K3, Q505D1, Q53RE8, Q5F478, Q5RFS1, Q5U2S6, Q5ZLC8, Q6GPE5, Q6P6B7, Q6P9Z4, Q70X92, Q7T3P8, Q810B6, Q8BTI7, Q8C0T1, Q8C6Y6, Q8K0L0, Q8N8A2, Q8NB46, Q8NI38, Q8WXH4, Q91ZT8, Q96AX9, Q96DX5, Q96NS5, Q96Q27, Q9BSK4

Diamond homologs: A2AQH4, A2AS55, A6QR20, O04251, O75762, O90760, P25963, Q10311, Q1RJM6, Q24145, Q499M5, Q4JHE0, Q5H9F3, Q6RI86, Q70X92, Q86WC6, Q8BLA8, Q8N8A2, Q8R3P9, Q9BQI6, Q9J4Z4, Q9WV72, Q9Y575, Q9Z2F6, A2ARS0, B2RXR6, C9JTQ0, L7XCU0, L7XDS4, O15084, O89019, P25799, Q00653, Q18297, Q2TB02, Q3EC11, Q3KP44, Q3SX00, Q4ULZ2, Q502K3

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

156 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic7
Likely pathogenic1
Uncertain significance126
Likely benign1
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (8)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
154446GRCh38/hg38 2q33.1(chr2:197125460-199741748)x1Pathogenic
253668GRCh37/hg19 2q32.3-33.1(chr2:196581377-200947041)x1Pathogenic
394652GRCh37/hg19 2q32.3-33.1(chr2:194581315-201752422)x1Pathogenic
562673GRCh37/hg19 2q32.3-33.1(chr2:193537927-202027736)x1Pathogenic
562676GRCh37/hg19 2q32.2-33.1(chr2:191750202-202297376)x1Pathogenic
57395GRCh38/hg38 2q32.3-33.1(chr2:194515159-198545937)x1Pathogenic
689171GRCh37/hg19 2q32.3-33.1(chr2:195786723-200531127)x1Pathogenic
3067112NM_001195144.2(ANKRD44):c.1317-1308T>CLikely pathogenic

SpliceAI

6283 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
2:196992772:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
2:196993672:GGT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:196993673:GTC:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
2:196993674:TC:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
2:196993675:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
2:196995377:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
2:196995378:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
2:196995378:CGT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998075:C:CTdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998076:T:TTdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998116:T:TAdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998332:CATA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998335:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998336:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998336:CTTTA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998337:TTTAC:Tdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998338:TTACT:Tdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998341:C:CTdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998342:T:TTdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998376:AT:Adonor_gain1.0000
2:196998377:T:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998902:CATA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
2:196998903:ATAC:Adonor_loss1.0000
2:196998905:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998905:AC:Adonor_gain1.0000
2:196998906:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998906:C:CTdonor_loss1.0000
2:196998906:CC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998906:CCCA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:196998956:C:Adonor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

6551 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
2:197013579:A:GL619P1.000
2:197099879:G:TA346D1.000
2:197110794:G:CF319L1.000
2:197110794:G:TF319L1.000
2:197110796:A:GF319L1.000
2:197110801:C:AG317V1.000
2:197110801:C:TG317E1.000
2:197110810:G:TA314D1.000
2:197125871:G:TA143D1.000
2:197125877:C:GR141P1.000
2:197125880:C:TG140E1.000
2:197125886:C:GR138P1.000
2:197125889:T:AD137V1.000
2:197125890:C:AD137Y1.000
2:197125890:C:GD137H1.000
2:197125970:G:CP110R1.000
2:197125970:G:TP110H1.000
2:197125978:C:AW107C1.000
2:197125978:C:GW107C1.000
2:197125980:A:GW107R1.000
2:197125980:A:TW107R1.000
2:197125988:T:AD104V1.000
2:197125989:C:GD104H1.000
2:197125990:C:AR103S1.000
2:197125990:C:GR103S1.000
2:197125991:C:AR103M1.000
2:197125991:C:GR103T1.000
2:197126006:G:TA98D1.000
2:197126021:A:GL93S1.000
2:197136614:C:GR80P1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000003559 (2:197291399 A>G,T), RS1000005099 (2:197073567 C>T), RS1000005430 (2:197028758 G>A), RS1000014166 (2:197248016 C>G), RS1000016250 (2:197038186 T>C), RS1000031658 (2:197209422 G>A), RS1000048374 (2:197118635 G>A,C), RS1000048628 (2:197031258 C>T), RS1000066462 (2:197247655 T>C), RS1000080452 (2:197135930 C>T), RS1000083372 (2:197209644 T>C), RS1000095962 (2:197163832 T>C), RS1000106460 (2:196977563 A>T), RS1000114604 (2:197079981 A>C), RS1000120053 (2:197305248 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:620861 | disease phenotypes: MIM:617268

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, seizures, and absent language (MONDO:0014995)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

13 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST002539_41Schizophrenia2.000000e-11
GCST002666_1Interferon alpha levels in systemic lupus erythematosus1.000000e-06
GCST002666_8Interferon alpha levels in systemic lupus erythematosus5.000000e-06
GCST003683_4Intracranial, abdominal aortic or thoracic aortic aneurysm (pleiotropy)5.000000e-08
GCST004521_180Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia3.000000e-11
GCST006803_21Schizophrenia4.000000e-13
GCST007565_1Morning person8.000000e-21
GCST010698_25Subcortical volume (min-P)2.000000e-08
GCST010699_24Brain morphology (min-P)1.000000e-09
GCST010700_25Cortical thickness (MOSTest)2.000000e-10
GCST010701_25Cortical surface area (MOSTest)2.000000e-37
GCST010702_65Subcortical volume (MOSTest)1.000000e-11
GCST010703_197Brain morphology (MOSTest)1.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0006517interferon alpha measurement
EFO:0008328chronotype measurement
EFO:0004346neuroimaging measurement
EFO:0004840cortical thickness

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL4105772 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

41 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects cotreatment, increases expression7
sodium arseniteincreases expression2
entinostatdecreases expression, affects cotreatment2
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, decreases expression2
Nickelincreases expression2
Tretinoinincreases expression2
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
methylmercuric chloridedecreases expression1
pirinixic acidaffects binding, increases activity, increases expression1
bisphenol Aaffects methylation1
lead acetateincreases expression1
arseniteincreases methylation1
potassium chromate(VI)affects cotreatment, decreases expression1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteineaffects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression1
epigallocatechin gallateaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
2-palmitoylglycerolincreases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression1
jinfukangdecreases expression, affects cotreatment1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Sunitinibincreases expression1
Acetaminophendecreases expression1
Cadmiumincreases abundance, increases expression1
Cisplatindecreases expression, affects cotreatment1
Formaldehydedecreases expression1
Hydralazineaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Hydrogen Peroxideincreases expression1
Lipopolysaccharidesdecreases expression, affects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment1
Methotrexatedecreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL4012572BindingBinding affinity to serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory ankyrin repeat subunit B in human INA-6 cells after 3 hrs by nanoLC-MS/MS methodUgi Reaction-Derived α-Acyl Aminocarboxamides Bind to Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Related Kinases, Inhibit HSF1-Dependent Heat Shock Response, and Induce Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells. — J Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

2 cell lines: 2 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_SC56HAP1 ANKRD44 (-) 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_SC57HAP1 ANKRD44 (-) 2Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.