ANO9

Summary

ANO9 (anoctamin 9, HGNC:20679) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11p15.5, encoding Anoctamin-9 (A1A5B4). PKA-activated nonselective cation channel.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TMEM16 (anoctamin) family of proteins, some of which form integral membrane calcium-activated chloride channels. The function of the encoded protein has yet to be elucidated, although it may have channel-forming abilities and also may have phospholipid scramblase activity. This gene has been observed to be upregulated in stage II and III colorectal cancers.

Source: NCBI Gene 338440 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 190 total — 4 pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001012302

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:20679
Approved symbol	ANO9
Name	anoctamin 9
Location	11p15.5
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PIG5
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000185101
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	619963
Entrez	338440

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 20 — 13 protein_coding, 7 retained_intron

ENST00000332826, ENST00000524802, ENST00000525804, ENST00000525857, ENST00000526142, ENST00000528927, ENST00000532094, ENST00000534161, ENST00000884101, ENST00000884102, ENST00000884103, ENST00000884104, ENST00000884105, ENST00000884106, ENST00000884107, ENST00000884108, ENST00000884109, ENST00000884110, ENST00000884111, ENST00000924670

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001012302 NM_001012302, NM_001347882

CCDS: CCDS31326

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000332826 — 23 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001433343	441921	442011
ENSE00001492401	431694	431767
ENSE00001492402	431848	431906
ENSE00002182909	417938	418589
ENSE00003469104	418720	418813
ENSE00003475518	428475	428639
ENSE00003492822	434024	434098
ENSE00003512314	431999	432054
ENSE00003539746	429570	429652
ENSE00003558373	428088	428199
ENSE00003583365	430269	430403
ENSE00003606247	429758	429818
ENSE00003615654	420945	421042
ENSE00003625268	418888	418989
ENSE00003638888	420718	420860
ENSE00003655931	433314	433459
ENSE00003660491	420463	420615
ENSE00003664700	433815	433937
ENSE00003665534	428722	428826
ENSE00003667047	421141	421198
ENSE00003679100	430083	430179
ENSE00003680722	428358	428394
ENSE00003681248	419582	419729

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 184 present calls, max score 98.59.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 6.3251 / max 160.0535, expressed in 784 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
117757	5.9819	780
117756	0.3432	177

Top tissues by expression

249 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	98.59	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	96.69	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	96.63	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	96.19	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	95.00	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	94.80	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	94.49	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	94.21	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	92.99	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	92.26	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	91.49	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	90.43	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	90.09	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	90.08	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	90.00	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	89.87	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	89.07	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	88.55	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	88.34	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	88.08	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	87.44	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	87.33	silver quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	86.05	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	84.86	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	84.22	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	83.95	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	83.86	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	83.63	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	83.35	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	83.29	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	8.55

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

18 targeting ANO9, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-3158-5P	99.65	67.51	1763
HSA-MIR-6081	99.48	66.07	1446
HSA-MIR-7515	99.31	68.22	1795
HSA-MIR-6799-5P	99.14	65.72	2093
HSA-MIR-3074-5P	98.82	66.56	1414
HSA-MIR-224-5P	98.33	70.12	1256
HSA-MIR-6787-3P	97.75	66.17	1233
HSA-MIR-6747-3P	97.73	64.84	1596
HSA-MIR-4456	97.50	64.88	1678
HSA-MIR-509-3-5P	97.21	67.74	1517
HSA-MIR-509-5P	97.21	67.90	1512
HSA-MIR-4418	97.04	67.16	1372
HSA-MIR-500B-3P	96.49	65.40	1087
HSA-MIR-541-3P	96.07	66.11	1271
HSA-MIR-654-5P	96.07	66.18	1280
HSA-MIR-3937	87.69	61.61	103
HSA-MIR-6789-3P	83.91	59.77	58

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

• These results demonstrate a strong association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the PKP3-SIGIRR-TMEM16J gene region and tuberculosis in discovery and validation cohorts. (PMID:22223854)
• Suggest role for up-regulation of ANO9 in progression and metastasis of stage II and III colorectal carcinoma. (PMID:26317553)
• Children with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and TMEM16J rs7111432-AA or PKP3 rs10902158-GG polymorphisms were at increased risk for tuberculosis or death. (PMID:26872154)
• Our results showed that ANO9 is overexpressed in most pancreatic cancer cell lines tested and in B30% of tissue samples obtained from patients with pancreatic cancer. Moreover, high ANO9 expression was associated with increased proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and poor survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. (PMID:29024940)
• ANO9 is a cation channel activated by a cAMP/PKA pathway and could play a role in intestine function. (PMID:29604966)
• ANO9 Regulated Cell Cycle in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. (PMID:32227267)
• ANO9 regulates PD-L2 expression and binding ability to PD-1 in gastric cancer. (PMID:33404124)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ano9a	ENSDARG00000076320
danio_rerio	ano9b	ENSDARG00000079324
mus_musculus	Ano9	ENSMUSG00000054662
rattus_norvegicus	Ano9	ENSRNOG00000015830

Paralogs (10): ANO2 (ENSG00000047617), ANO8 (ENSG00000074855), PPP1R7 (ENSG00000115685), ANO1 (ENSG00000131620), ANO3 (ENSG00000134343), ANO7 (ENSG00000146205), ANO4 (ENSG00000151572), ANO10 (ENSG00000160746), ANO5 (ENSG00000171714), ANO6 (ENSG00000177119)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Anoctamin-9 — A1A5B4 (reviewed: A1A5B4)

Alternative names: Transmembrane protein 16J, Tumor protein p53-inducible protein 5, p53-induced gene 5 protein

All UniProt accessions (1): A1A5B4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. PKA-activated nonselective cation channel. Discriminates poorly among cations but is more permeable to Ca(2+) ions than to monovalent cations. Acts as a calcium-activated calcium permeable channel which may operate as a endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+)-leak channel, reducing the loading of the ER Ca(2+) store. Regulates intracellular Ca2+ signals, ion channel activity, and cytokine release in the renal tissue. Plays an important role in olfaction, amplifying cAMP-evoked cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel currents in the olfactory sensory neurons. Has calcium-dependent phospholipid scramblase activity; scrambles phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and galactosylceramide. Does not exhibit calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) activity. Can inhibit the activity of ANO1.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in the kidney. Expressed in the olfactory epithelium.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated on serine residues by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) which is essential for activation of its cation channel activity.

Activity regulation. Cation channel activity is activated via phosphorylation on serine residues by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA).

Miscellaneous. The term ‘anoctamin’ was coined because these channels are anion selective and have eight (OCT) transmembrane segments. There is some dissatisfaction in the field with the Ano nomenclature because it is not certain that all the members of this family are anion channels or have the 8-transmembrane topology.

Similarity. Belongs to the anoctamin family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
A1A5B4-1	1	yes
A1A5B4-2	2
A1A5B4-3	3

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001012302, NP_001334811 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007632	Anoctamin	Family
IPR032394	Anoct_dimer	Domain
IPR049452	Anoctamin_TM	Domain

Pfam: PF04547, PF16178

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 6 shown:

• K(+)(in) = K(+)(out) (RHEA:29463)
• Ca(2+)(in) = Ca(2+)(out) (RHEA:29671)
• Na(+)(in) = Na(+)(out) (RHEA:34963)
• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(out) (RHEA:38571)
• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine(out) (RHEA:38663)
• a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1’)-N-acylsphing-4-enine(out) = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1’)-N-acylsphing-4-enine(in) (RHEA:38899)

UniProt features (32 total): topological domain 9, transmembrane region 8, glycosylation site 4, splice variant 4, sequence variant 4, chain 1, region of interest 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-A1A5B4-F1	80.99	0.32

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 250

Glycosylation sites (4): 641, 652, 674, 690

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

10 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-2672351	Stimuli-sensing channels
R-HSA-9733458	Induction of Cell-Cell Fusion
R-HSA-1643685	Disease
R-HSA-382551	Transport of small molecules
R-HSA-5663205	Infectious disease
R-HSA-9679506	SARS-CoV Infections
R-HSA-9694516	SARS-CoV-2 Infection
R-HSA-9772573	Late SARS-CoV-2 Infection Events
R-HSA-9824446	Viral Infection Pathways
R-HSA-983712	Ion channel transport

MSigDB gene sets: 90 (showing top): GOBP_PLASMA_MEMBRANE_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_INORGANIC_ANION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_MEMBRANE_LIPID_DISTRIBUTION, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_CATION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_ESTER_TRANSPORT, GOBP_CHLORIDE_TRANSPORT, GOBP_ENDOMEMBRANE_SYSTEM_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_LIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOBP_PHOSPHOLIPID_TRANSPORT, GOBP_MEMBRANE_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_CALCIUM_ION_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, GOBP_LIPID_LOCALIZATION, GOBP_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT

GO Biological Process (10): lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), sensory perception of smell (GO:0007608), monoatomic ion transmembrane transport (GO:0034220), establishment of localization in cell (GO:0051649), calcium activated phosphatidylserine scrambling (GO:0061589), calcium activated phosphatidylcholine scrambling (GO:0061590), calcium activated galactosylceramide scrambling (GO:0061591), chloride transmembrane transport (GO:1902476), lipid transport (GO:0006869), calcium ion transmembrane transport (GO:0070588)

GO Molecular Function (8): intracellularly calcium-gated chloride channel activity (GO:0005229), chloride channel activity (GO:0005254), calcium channel activity (GO:0005262), channel activity (GO:0015267), phospholipid scramblase activity (GO:0017128), chloride channel inhibitor activity (GO:0019869), protein dimerization activity (GO:0046983), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-8 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Ion channel transport	1
Late SARS-CoV-2 Infection Events	1
Disease	1
Viral Infection Pathways	1
SARS-CoV Infections	1
SARS-CoV-2 Infection	1
Infectious disease	1
Transport of small molecules	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
calcium activated phospholipid scrambling	3
chloride channel activity	2
primary metabolic process	1
sensory perception of chemical stimulus	1
monoatomic ion transport	1
transmembrane transport	1
establishment of localization	1
cellular localization	1
chloride transport	1
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	1
transport	1
lipid localization	1
calcium ion transport	1
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	1
ligand-gated monoatomic anion channel activity	1
intracellularly calcium-gated channel activity	1
monoatomic anion channel activity	1
chloride transmembrane transporter activity	1
monoatomic cation channel activity	1
calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity	1
passive transmembrane transporter activity	1
plasma membrane phospholipid scrambling	1
intramembrane lipid carrier activity	1
ion channel inhibitor activity	1
chloride channel regulator activity	1
protein binding	1
binding	1
cytoplasm	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

484 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ANO9	PKP3	Q9Y446	571
ANO9	CLCA4	Q14CN2	479
ANO9	CLCA2	Q9UQC9	479
ANO9	CLCA1	A8K7I4	471
ANO9	KCNMA1	Q12791	424
ANO9	USP31	Q70CQ4	418
ANO9	THBS3	P49746	406
ANO9	FILIP1	Q7Z7B0	402
ANO9	ARHGEF33	A8MVX0	398
ANO9	SIGIRR	Q6IA17	397
ANO9	FAT2	Q9NYQ8	396
ANO9	ANO8	Q9HCE9	377
ANO9	KMT2C	Q8NEZ4	373
ANO9	FGFBP3	Q8TAT2	373
ANO9	ZNF592	Q92610	372
ANO9	GCNA	Q96QF7	372

IntAct

7 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
DLG1	ANO9	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.570
ANO9	PLEKHF2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ANO4	ANO9	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (5): ANO9 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANO9 (Two-hybrid), ANO9 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANO9 (Affinity Capture-MS), HSD17B4 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS))

ESM2 similar proteins: A1A4P6, A1A5B4, A5PK40, A6NDV4, A6NFX1, A6NGC4, A6QL84, A6QLK4, B1AWJ5, B6ID01, E1BY51, P58749, Q2TA01, Q2YDG0, Q32PG7, Q3T9M1, Q4R7X9, Q5HZE5, Q5JZQ7, Q5R6H1, Q5RBY7, Q60HE8, Q6AY05, Q6AYM9, Q6PHN7, Q6TCG5, Q6UX01, Q6UXD7, Q7RTT9, Q7Z403, Q80ZE4, Q8CE47, Q8R139, Q8TBR7, Q96FZ5, Q96HE8, Q96S97, Q9BSA9, Q9BZW5, Q9CQC4

Diamond homologs: A1A5B4, A2AHL1, A6QLE6, P86044, Q14AT5, Q32M45, Q4KMQ2, Q5XXA6, Q6IFT6, Q6IWH7, Q6P9J9, Q75UR0, Q75V66, Q8BHY3, Q8C5H1, Q8CFW1, Q9BYT9, Q9NQ90, Q6PB70, Q9HCE9

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

190 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	4
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	139
Likely benign	16
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (4)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1807629	GRCh37/hg19 11p15.5-15.4(chr11:230616-8250724)x3	Pathogenic
2574690	GRCh37/hg19 11p15.5(chr11:268586-748873)	Pathogenic
4755362	GRCh38/hg38 11p15.5-15.4(chr11:198510-3400939)x3	Pathogenic
983191	GRCh37/hg19 11p15.5-15.4(chr11:230615-4851537)x3	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

4570 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
11:418715:CTCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:418716:TCAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
11:418717:CACCT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:418718:ACC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
11:418719:C:CG	donor_loss	1.0000
11:418811:TAT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:418812:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:418814:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:418990:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:419580:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
11:419581:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
11:419581:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:419581:CTCGA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:419583:CG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:419596:G:A	donor_gain	1.0000
11:419600:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
11:419628:TGTAG:T	donor_gain	1.0000
11:419725:GGTCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:420441:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
11:420465:ATGT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
11:420468:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
11:420716:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
11:420717:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
11:420717:CTCAT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:420721:T:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:420943:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
11:420944:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
11:420944:CGGGA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:420958:CG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:421038:TGGCA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

5167 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
11:418891:C:G	C678S	0.998
11:418892:A:T	C678S	0.998
11:419654:G:A	S621F	0.997
11:419654:G:T	S621Y	0.996
11:419663:G:T	A618D	0.996
11:419675:C:T	G614E	0.996
11:421014:A:G	L474P	0.996
11:421026:C:G	C470S	0.996
11:421027:A:T	C470S	0.996
11:429761:A:G	W277R	0.996
11:429761:A:T	W277R	0.996
11:430144:C:G	C237S	0.996
11:430145:A:T	C237S	0.996
11:418890:G:C	C678W	0.995
11:418960:A:G	L655P	0.995
11:419655:A:G	S621P	0.995
11:419676:C:A	G614W	0.995
11:419677:A:C	N613K	0.995
11:419677:A:T	N613K	0.995
11:419724:A:G	W598R	0.995
11:419724:A:T	W598R	0.995
11:420575:G:C	F558L	0.995
11:420575:G:T	F558L	0.995
11:420577:A:G	F558L	0.995
11:420582:G:T	A556D	0.995
11:420587:G:C	F554L	0.995
11:420587:G:T	F554L	0.995
11:420589:A:G	F554L	0.995
11:421041:C:G	C465S	0.995
11:421042:A:T	C465S	0.995

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000258150 (11:434362 C>T), RS1000271510 (11:425890 G>A), RS1000529634 (11:434620 G>A), RS1000720022 (11:420050 G>A,T), RS1000780477 (11:419414 C>A), RS1000899958 (11:425623 G>A), RS1001105147 (11:430006 C>T), RS1001152168 (11:439115 G>A), RS1001162818 (11:423984 C>T), RS1001279170 (11:424295 A>G), RS1001307238 (11:435591 A>G), RS1001316398 (11:443999 T>C), RS1001601585 (11:419312 G>A,C,T), RS1001664557 (11:443743 C>G), RS1001755042 (11:439995 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619963 | disease phenotypes: MIM:130650

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (3): prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315), Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome due to 11p15 microdeletion (MONDO:0016477), Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (MONDO:0007534)

Orphanet (3): Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331), Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome due to 11p15 microdeletion (Orphanet:231127), Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (Orphanet:116)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST010303_65	Nevus count or cutaneous melanoma	3.000000e-08
GCST011584_5	Metastatic colorectal cancer survival in treatment with chemotherapy plus biologics	6.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004632	nevus count
EFO:0000714	survival time
EFO:1001480	metastatic colorectal cancer

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D001506	Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome	C16.131.077.133; C16.131.260.080; C16.320.180.080; C16.320.447.375
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

16 total (human), top 16 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	3
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
sulforaphane	decreases expression	1
ICG 001	increases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Arsenic	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Aspirin	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
Testosterone	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Triclosan	increases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00029224	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment With Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Prostate Cancer With Cancer Related Bone Lesions
NCT00035997	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Trial on the Effect of I.V. Zoledronic Acid 4 mg on Bone Density in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastasis
NCT00063609	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Loss in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
NCT00103623	PHASE4	SUSPENDED	The Plenaxis® Experience Study
NCT00106392	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Prograf in the Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT00185029	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	MR-Lymphography and Lymph Node Staging in Prostate Cancer
NCT00199485	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Angelica Sinensis for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Men Undergoing LHRH Therapy for Prostate Cancer
NCT00219219	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Zoledronic Acid in the Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Hormone Refractory and Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases
NCT00219271	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Zoledronic Acid On Circulating And Bone Marrow-Residing Prostate Cancer Cells In Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
NCT00237146	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Zoledronic Acid on Quality of Life and Skeletal-related Events as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Hormone-naïve Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis Who Have Undergone Orchiectomy
NCT00242554	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases
NCT00280098	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Docetaxel in the Treatment of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
NCT00293696	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Casodex/Zoladex Biomarkers in Localised Prostate Cancer
NCT00334139	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Metabolism in Patients With Bone Metastasis and Prostate or Breast Cancer
NCT00375765	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects On Dihydrotestosterone Regulated Gene Expression In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Or Prostate Cancer
NCT00391690	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Bone Markers as Diagnostic Tools for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT00422708	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Local Anesthesia for Prostate Biopsy
NCT00526331	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Arterial Pressure Based Cardiac Output for Goal-Directed Perioperative Therapy
NCT00590213	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Compare the Value of Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Breast Radiotherapy in CASODEX
NCT00629330	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Dissemination of Prostate Cancer Screening to PCP’s in African American Communities
NCT00771966	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Radical Prostatectomy and Perioperative Fluid Therapy
NCT00805701	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Assessing The Efficacy And Safety Of Avodart (Dutasteride) At Improving Urinary Symptoms In Men With Prostate Cancer Who Are Undergoing Seed Implantation
NCT00859027	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Risedronate On Bone Mass In Older Men Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy For Prostate Cancer
NCT00906269	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Can Hyperbaric Oxygen Improve Erectile Function Following Surgery for Prostate Cancer
NCT00953277	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Nerve Reconstruction Using AVANCE in Subjects Who Undergo Robotic Assisted Prostatectomy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
NCT00982800	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Does Postoperative Gabapentin Reduce Pain, Opioid Consumption and Anxiety and Have a Positive Effect on Health Related Quality of Life After Radical Prostatectomy?
NCT01083199	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Global Performance Evaluation of the AMS CONTINUUM™ Device
NCT01136226	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluate Recovery of Testosterone for Patients Using Eligard
NCT01161563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized Crossover Trial to Assess the Tolerability of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogue Administration
NCT01230905	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Monitor the Effects of Androgen Suppression Treatment on the Heart
NCT01296672	PHASE4	COMPLETED	3 Month Finasteride Challenge Test Can Significantly Improve the Performance of Screening for Prostate Cancer
NCT01365143	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Robotic Versus Open Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01379742	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Between ThinSeed™ and OncoSeed™ for Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy
NCT01486563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hydroxyethyl Starch and Renal Function After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01511874	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of ELIGARD 22.5mg With Prostate Cancer
NCT01512472	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Firmagon (Degarelix) Intermittent Therapy
NCT01547416	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Combined General/Epidural Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia on Diaphragmatic Function
NCT01571544	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Use of Thermal Suits as Preventing Hypothermia During Surgery
NCT01581749	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Truebeam for Low-Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT01649635	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Cabazitaxel Combined With Prednisone and Prophylaxis of Neutropenia Complications in the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer