AP3S1

Summary

AP3S1 (adaptor related protein complex 3 subunit sigma 1, HGNC:2013) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 5q22.3-q23.1, encoding AP-3 complex subunit sigma-1 (Q92572). Part of the AP-3 complex, an adaptor-related complex which is not clathrin-associated.

This gene encodes a subunit of the AP3 adaptor complex. This complex functions in the formation of subcellular vesicles budded from the Golgi body. Several related pseudogenes of this gene have been found. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Source: NCBI Gene 1176 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 34 total — 8 pathogenic, 1 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 1
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001284

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:2013
Approved symbol	AP3S1
Name	adaptor related protein complex 3 subunit sigma 1
Location	5q22.3-q23.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000177879
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	601507
Entrez	1176

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 15 — 8 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000316788, ENST00000395548, ENST00000505423, ENST00000506430, ENST00000507436, ENST00000509055, ENST00000514118, ENST00000515066, ENST00000905986, ENST00000905987, ENST00000905988, ENST00000905989, ENST00000905990, ENST00000922028, ENST00000953387

RefSeq mRNA: 9 — MANE Select: NM_001284 NM_001002924, NM_001284, NM_001318090, NM_001318091, NM_001318093, NM_001318094, NM_001364119, NM_001364120, NM_001364122

CCDS: CCDS4123, CCDS83021

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000316788 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001275832	115913362	115914081
ENSE00001547769	115841935	115842106
ENSE00003556356	115870017	115870128
ENSE00003574347	115866670	115866761
ENSE00003602988	115902885	115902992
ENSE00003658442	115895087	115895158

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 134 present calls, max score 98.65.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 34.7020 / max 376.7165, expressed in 1814 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
58049	34.7020	1814

Top tissues by expression

134 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	98.65	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	98.36	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	98.24	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	98.18	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	98.14	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	98.03	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	98.02	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	98.00	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	97.98	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	97.98	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	97.97	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	97.93	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	97.93	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	97.89	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	97.89	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	97.86	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	97.85	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	97.79	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	97.65	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	97.64	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	97.56	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	97.53	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	97.52	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	97.49	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	97.48	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	97.45	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	97.40	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	97.39	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	97.39	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	97.36	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-10	yes	51.60
E-MTAB-9801	yes	6.57
E-CURD-112	no	2.35
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• KCNQ and AP3S1, but not MAN2A1 or ALDH7A1 have a role in risk of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese Northern Han population (PMID:20512086)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Ap3s1	ENSMUSG00000024480
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000062839
drosophila_melanogaster	or	FBGN0003008
caenorhabditis_elegans	aps-3	WBGENE00000165

Paralogs (6): AP2S1 (ENSG00000042753), AP4S1 (ENSG00000100478), AP1S1 (ENSG00000106367), AP1S3 (ENSG00000152056), AP3S2 (ENSG00000157823), AP1S2 (ENSG00000182287)

Protein

Protein identifiers

AP-3 complex subunit sigma-1 — Q92572 (reviewed: Q92572)

Alternative names: AP-3 complex subunit sigma-3A, Adaptor-related protein complex 3 subunit sigma-1, Clathrin-associated/assembly/adaptor protein, small 3, Sigma-3A-adaptin, Sigma-adaptin 3a

All UniProt accessions (2): Q92572, F5H459

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Part of the AP-3 complex, an adaptor-related complex which is not clathrin-associated. The complex is associated with the Golgi region as well as more peripheral structures. It facilitates the budding of vesicles from the Golgi membrane and may be directly involved in trafficking to lysosomes. In concert with the BLOC-1 complex, AP-3 is required to target cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals.

Subunit / interactions. Adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) is a heterotetramer composed of two large adaptins (delta-type subunit AP3D1 and beta-type subunit AP3B1 or AP3B2), a medium adaptin (mu-type subunit AP3M1 or AP3M2) and a small adaptin (sigma-type subunit APS1 or AP3S2). Interacts with AGAP1. AP-3 associates with the BLOC-1 complex.

Subcellular location. Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane.

Tissue specificity. Present in all adult tissues examined.

Similarity. Belongs to the adaptor complexes small subunit family.

RefSeq proteins (9): NP_001002924, NP_001275, NP_001305019, NP_001305020, NP_001305022, NP_001305023, NP_001351048, NP_001351049, NP_001351051 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000804	Clathrin_sm-chain_CS	Conserved_site
IPR011012	Longin-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR016635	AP_complex_ssu	Family
IPR022775	AP_mu_sigma_su	Domain
IPR027155	APS3	Family

Pfam: PF01217

UniProt features (3 total): chain 1, modified residue 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

8 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
9C5C	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.6
9C59	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.3
9C5B	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.5
9C58	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.7
9RTW	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	7.4
9RTX	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	8.5
9RTY	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	8.9
9RTZ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	13

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q92572-F1	85.63	0.67

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 191

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-432722	Golgi Associated Vesicle Biogenesis
R-HSA-199991	Membrane Trafficking
R-HSA-199992	trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Budding
R-HSA-5653656	Vesicle-mediated transport

MSigDB gene sets: 358 (showing top): MORF_MTA1, RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, GOBP_SYNAPTIC_VESICLE_LOCALIZATION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, GOBP_AXO_DENDRITIC_TRANSPORT, GOBP_VESICLE_LOCALIZATION, GOBP_INTRACELLULAR_PROTEIN_TRANSPORT, GOBP_VESICLE_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_SYNAPTIC_VESICLE_CYTOSKELETAL_TRANSPORT, MORF_HDAC1, MORF_RAD21, IVANOVA_HEMATOPOIESIS_LATE_PROGENITOR, HSIAO_HOUSEKEEPING_GENES, GOBP_CELLULAR_PIGMENTATION, GOBP_VACUOLAR_TRANSPORT

GO Biological Process (12): intracellular protein transport (GO:0006886), Golgi to vacuole transport (GO:0006896), anterograde axonal transport (GO:0008089), insulin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0008286), synaptic vesicle coating (GO:0016183), vesicle-mediated transport (GO:0016192), clathrin-coated vesicle cargo loading, AP-3-mediated (GO:0035654), synaptic vesicle recycling (GO:0036465), anterograde synaptic vesicle transport (GO:0048490), platelet dense granule organization (GO:0060155), melanosome assembly (GO:1903232), protein transport (GO:0015031)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (11): early endosome (GO:0005769), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex (GO:0030119), AP-3 adaptor complex (GO:0030123), transport vesicle (GO:0030133), cytoplasmic vesicle membrane (GO:0030659), presynapse (GO:0098793), axon cytoplasm (GO:1904115), membrane (GO:0016020), membrane coat (GO:0030117), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Budding	1
Vesicle-mediated transport	1
Membrane Trafficking	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
transport	3
cytoplasm	3
intracellular protein localization	2
endomembrane system	2
membrane protein complex	2
cytoplasmic vesicle	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
protein transport	1
intracellular transport	1
post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport	1
vacuolar transport	1
intercellular transport	1
axonal transport	1
axon cytoplasm	1
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway	1
cellular response to insulin stimulus	1
vesicle coat assembly	1
synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic endocytic zone membrane	1
cellular process	1
clathrin-coated vesicle cargo loading	1
establishment of localization in cell	1
synaptic vesicle cycle	1
anterograde axonal transport	1
synaptic vesicle transport along microtubule	1
secretory granule organization	1
melanosome organization	1
organelle assembly	1
establishment of protein localization	1
binding	1
endosome	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
membrane coat	1
AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex	1
vesicle membrane	1
synapse	1
axon	1
neuron projection cytoplasm	1
coated membrane	1
intracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

954 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
AP3S1	AP3D1	O14617	960
AP3S1	AP3M1	Q9Y2T2	937
AP3S1	AP3B1	O00203	895
AP3S1	AP1M1	Q9BXS5	694
AP3S1	BHLHE23	Q8NDY6	682
AP3S1	AP1G1	O43747	681
AP3S1	AP3M2	P53677	657
AP3S1	AP2A1	O95782	579
AP3S1	AP2M1	P20172	554
AP3S1	CDKN2A	P42771	513
AP3S1	SLC30A3	Q99726	503
AP3S1	COPB1	P53618	500
AP3S1	AP1M2	Q9Y6Q5	492
AP3S1	RNF13	O43567	480
AP3S1	CLTA	P09496	472

IntAct

103 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
EEF1G	EEF1B2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.890
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
KLK5	DENND11	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
VSIG1	TTI1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
AP3M1	AP3B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
CAMKV	AP3B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
VSIG4	TCAF2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TMEM63A	AP3B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
AP3S1	AP3B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
IGSF6	CETN3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PRKCZ	IPO5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SIDT2	AP3D1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
EPB41L1	AP3B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TMEM63A	AP3D1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
EPB41L3	AP3B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
WDR55	NPM1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.480
	AP3D1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
	MYL12B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
CLPTM1	AP3S1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	DENR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400

BioGRID (193): AP3S1 (Reconstituted Complex), AP3S1 (Affinity Capture-Western), AP3S1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AP3S1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AP3S1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AP3S1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AP3S1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AP3S1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AP3S1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AP3S1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AP3S1 (Co-fractionation), AP3S1 (Co-fractionation), CDC73 (Co-fractionation), AP3S1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AP3S1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A4FV08, A4IHW6, A5PJI5, G3V9T7, O43681, O54984, O94973, P16298, P17427, P18484, P20651, P48452, P48453, P63328, P63329, Q08209, Q08211, Q0IIZ2, Q0P5E2, Q0VCK5, Q17QL1, Q28141, Q2KJ61, Q2YDH6, Q2YDM2, Q3MHC2, Q503E1, Q5HZM6, Q5NVE6, Q5R5S4, Q5R874, Q5RIC0, Q5TA45, Q5ZHS1, Q5ZIH0, Q6GNQ1, Q6IQE5, Q6NVL5, Q6R518, Q7RTP6

Diamond homologs: B0G185, O23685, O50016, O82201, P35181, P47064, P53680, P56377, P59780, P61966, P61967, P62743, P62744, Q00381, Q09905, Q17QC5, Q1JQ98, Q1JQA3, Q2YDH6, Q3ZBB6, Q3ZBS3, Q4ICG5, Q4WS49, Q54H39, Q54NZ4, Q54WW3, Q553S2, Q5BFF8, Q5R940, Q5RDP9, Q75F71, Q7SAQ1, Q7TN05, Q84WL9, Q8BSZ2, Q8LEZ8, Q8VZ37, Q92572, Q96PC3, Q9DB50

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
AP3S1	“form complex”	“AP-3 complex”	binding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

34 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	8
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	12
Likely benign	0
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (9)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
144331	GRCh38/hg38 5q21.3-23.1(chr5:108585264-116815075)x1	Pathogenic
145546	GRCh38/hg38 5q22.3-23.2(chr5:114707561-126507744)x1	Pathogenic
152168	GRCh38/hg38 5q22.2-23.1(chr5:112323517-117773507)x1	Pathogenic
1527186	GRCh37/hg19 5q22.1-23.1(chr5:111443783-116255660)	Pathogenic
152734	GRCh38/hg38 5q14.3-23.1(chr5:92899734-119614119)x1	Pathogenic
155259	GRCh38/hg38 5q21.3-23.2(chr5:108308463-125777797)x1	Pathogenic
3062848	GRCh37/hg19 5q15-23.2(chr5:93828571-123711334)x1	Pathogenic
395290	GRCh37/hg19 5q22.1-23.2(chr5:110407606-122522885)x1	Pathogenic
545308	Single allele	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1536 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
5:115842107:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
5:115866757:GGATT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
5:115866758:GATT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
5:115866758:GATTG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
5:115866762:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
5:115870012:TTTAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:115870013:TTAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:115870014:TA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:115870015:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:115870015:A:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:115870016:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:115870016:GATTA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:115870127:AAGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
5:115870128:AGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
5:115870129:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
5:115870129:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
5:115870130:TAAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
5:115866669:GA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:115870016:GA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:115870016:GAT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:115870016:GATT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:115870124:TTCAA:T	donor_gain	0.9900
5:115870126:CAA:C	donor_gain	0.9900
5:115870127:AA:A	donor_gain	0.9900
5:115870131:AA:A	donor_loss	0.9900
5:115895081:CCATA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
5:115895082:CATA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
5:115895084:TA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
5:115895085:A:AC	acceptor_loss	0.9900
5:115895086:G:GC	acceptor_loss	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1286 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
5:115842047:G:C	A4P	1.000
5:115842054:T:C	L6P	1.000
5:115842064:C:A	N9K	1.000
5:115842064:C:G	N9K	1.000
5:115842071:G:A	G12R	1.000
5:115842071:G:C	G12R	1.000
5:115842071:G:T	G12W	1.000
5:115842072:G:A	G12E	1.000
5:115842072:G:T	G12V	1.000
5:115842080:C:G	R15G	1.000
5:115842080:C:T	R15W	1.000
5:115842081:G:A	R15Q	1.000
5:115842081:G:C	R15P	1.000
5:115842084:T:C	L16P	1.000
5:115842092:T:C	F19L	1.000
5:115842094:C:A	F19L	1.000
5:115842094:C:G	F19L	1.000
5:115866706:T:C	F36L	1.000
5:115866708:C:A	F36L	1.000
5:115866708:C:G	F36L	1.000
5:115866716:T:A	V39E	1.000
5:115866725:G:C	R42T	1.000
5:115866725:G:T	R42I	1.000
5:115866726:A:C	R42S	1.000
5:115866726:A:T	R42S	1.000
5:115866739:T:C	C47R	1.000
5:115866740:G:A	C47Y	1.000
5:115866741:T:G	C47W	1.000
5:115866745:T:C	F49L	1.000
5:115866746:T:C	F49S	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000030127 (5:115866522 G>A,T), RS1000057273 (5:115872494 G>C), RS1000062075 (5:115855994 A>T), RS1000079128 (5:115904193 ATTTTTATAATTATTAGTG>A), RS1000092187 (5:115869487 T>C), RS1000124812 (5:115869670 T>A), RS1000182981 (5:115897627 T>C), RS1000188075 (5:115897177 C>A), RS1000203497 (5:115900548 T>A), RS1000287096 (5:115864496 A>C), RS1000319993 (5:115861600 A>C,T), RS1000384709 (5:115859082 C>T), RS1000420048 (5:115906717 T>C), RS1000512145 (5:115850154 A>G), RS1000539064 (5:115901919 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:601507 | disease phenotypes: MIM:209850

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): autism (MONDO:0005260)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

1 total (1 of 1 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000717	Autism

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D001321	Autistic Disorder	F03.625.164.113.500

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL6066428 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

2 potent at pChembl≥5 of 3 total, top 2 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
5.61	Kd	2466	nM	CHEMBL5653589
5.61	ED50	2466	nM	CHEMBL5653589

PubChem BioAssay actives

1 with measured affinity, of 4 total; 1 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
4-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide	2147871: Binding affinity to human AP3S1 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	kd	2.4664	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

32 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	decreases methylation, decreases expression	2
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
bisphenol F	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
TAK-243	increases sumoylation	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, increases reaction	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases expression	1
LDN 193189	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid	decreases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Ethanol	increases abundance, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Atrazine	increases expression	1
Catechin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Dexamethasone	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Fluorouracil	affects reaction, decreases expression	1
Gasoline	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	affects response to substance, affects expression	1
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Smoke	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL5650913	Binding	Binding affinity to human AP3S1 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	NVP-BHG712: Effects of Regioisomers on the Affinity and Selectivity toward the EPHrin Family. — ChemMedChem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00211796	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Divalproex Sodium ER in Adult Autism
NCT00391261	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Open-label Trial of Metformin for Weight Control of Pediatric Patients on Antipsychotic Medications.
NCT00409747	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Minocycline to Treat Childhood Regressive Autism
NCT00576732	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Two Doses of Risperidone in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Autistic Disorder
NCT00844753	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine, Placebo and Parent Management Training in Autism
NCT01028820	PHASE4	COMPLETED	FMRI Brain Activation of Aripiprazole Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01098383	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Treatment With Acetyl-Choline Esterase Inhibitors in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01333865	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Memantine Hydrochloride (Namenda®) for Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01337700	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Milnacipran in Autism and the Functional Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Model of Autism
NCT01695200	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT02069977	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Aripiprazole
NCT02096952	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Methylphenidate ER Liquid Formulation in Adults With ASD and ADHD
NCT02199925	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	An Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of High-Dose Gammaplex in Children on the Autism Spectrum
NCT02235467	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Multisite Study: Parental Training Using Video Modelling to Develop Social Skills in Children With Autism
NCT02255565	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dose Response Effects of Quillivant XR in Children With ADHD and Autism: A Pilot Study
NCT02940574	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Neural and Behavioral Effects of Oxytocin in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03333629	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Promoting Positive Outcomes for Individuals With ASD: Linking Early Detection, Treatment, and Long-term Outcomes
NCT03337646	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of the Effect and Safety of Lisdexamfetamine in Children Aged 6-12 With ADHD and Autism
NCT03538431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Improving Driving in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03757585	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Natural Treatments for the Management of Emotional Dysregulation in Youth With Non-verbal Learning Disability (NVLD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
NCT04903353	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pragmatic Trial Comparing Weight Gain in Children With Autism Taking Risperidone Versus Aripiprazole
NCT05063656	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Biomarker-Driven Pharmacological Treatment of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Gabapentin
NCT05146245	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Antipsychotics in Children 2: Studying TDM in an RCT
NCT05916339	PHASE4	RECRUITING	AWARE: Management of ADHD in Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT05954052	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT06853665	PHASE4	RECRUITING	The TEAM Study - Treatment Efficacy for Autism/Attention Using Mixed Amphetamine
NCT07054697	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pilot-RCT With Individualized Homeopathic Treatment in the Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT07161804	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pilot RCT Using Homeopathic Medicines in ASD
NCT07439042	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Buspirone for Anxiety in Autistic Youth
NCT00036231	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Synthetic Human Secretin in Children With Autism and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction
NCT00036244	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Synthetic Human Secretin in Children With Autism
NCT00065884	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Valproate Response in Aggressive Autistic Adolescents
NCT00065962	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Secretin for the Treatment of Autism
NCT00252603	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Galantamine Versus Placebo in Childhood Autism
NCT00346736	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Use of Acupuncture In Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder
NCT00352248	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Randomized Controlled Trial of Acupuncture Versus Sham Acupuncture in Autistic Spectrum Disorder
NCT00352352	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Use of Acupuncture In Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder
NCT00355329	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Randomized Control Trial of Using Tongue Acupuncture in Autistic Spectrum Disorder Using PET Scan for Clinical Correlation
NCT00498173	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Atomoxetine in Treating ADHD Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Autism
NCT00541346	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study of Daytrana TM in Children With Autism Co-Morbid for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms