APOA1

Summary

APOA1 (apolipoprotein A1, HGNC:600) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11q23.3, encoding Apolipoprotein A-I (P02647). Participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT).

This gene encodes apolipoprotein A-I, which is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein, which promotes cholesterol efflux from tissues to the liver for excretion, and is a cofactor for lecithin cholesterolacyltransferase (LCAT), an enzyme responsible for the formation of most plasma cholesteryl esters. This gene is closely linked with two other apolipoprotein genes on chromosome 11. Defects in this gene are associated with HDL deficiencies, including Tangier disease, and with systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein.

Source: NCBI Gene 335 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): familial visceral amyloidosis (Strong, GenCC) — +4 more curated relationships
• GWAS associations: 63
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 374 total — 28 pathogenic, 3 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 42
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_000039

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:600
Approved symbol	APOA1
Name	apolipoprotein A1
Location	11q23.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000118137
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	107680
Entrez	335

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 30 — 30 protein_coding

ENST00000236850, ENST00000359492, ENST00000375320, ENST00000375323, ENST00000375329, ENST00000855297, ENST00000855298, ENST00000855299, ENST00000855300, ENST00000855301, ENST00000855302, ENST00000855303, ENST00000855304, ENST00000855305, ENST00000855306, ENST00000855307, ENST00000855308, ENST00000855309, ENST00000855310, ENST00000855311, ENST00000855312, ENST00000855313, ENST00000855314, ENST00000855315, ENST00000855316, ENST00000855317, ENST00000855318, ENST00000855319, ENST00000855320, ENST00000855321

RefSeq mRNA: 8 — MANE Select: NM_000039 NM_000039, NM_001318017, NM_001318018, NM_001318021, NM_001425090, NM_001425091, NM_001425092, NM_001425093

CCDS: CCDS8378

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000236850 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000795784	116837001	116837157
ENSE00001255955	116837605	116837622
ENSE00001255973	116837345	116837407
ENSE00001411471	116835751	116836411

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 170 present calls, max score 99.99.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 7.5322 / max 1615.9132, expressed in 183 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
122453	4.8021	160
122454	1.8600	130
122451	0.7166	74
122452	0.1535	38

Top tissues by expression

289 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	99.99	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	99.95	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	99.91	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	99.69	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	99.53	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	99.52	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	98.41	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	98.40	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	96.22	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	95.45	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	95.22	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	90.90	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	90.65	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	90.14	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	89.15	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	88.68	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	86.15	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	84.33	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	82.95	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	82.69	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	81.93	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	80.82	silver quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	80.43	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	80.00	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	79.00	gold quality
jejunum	UBERON:0002115	78.92	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	78.88	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	76.80	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	76.73	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	75.62	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 20 experiment(s), a significant marker in 20.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-98	yes	56826.88
E-MTAB-9388	yes	51245.46
E-MTAB-7407	yes	33471.85
E-MTAB-8221	yes	32203.36
E-MTAB-9906	yes	26348.51
E-GEOD-125970	yes	24319.02
E-MTAB-10553	yes	22564.08
E-HCAD-9	yes	19407.02
E-MTAB-8060	yes	9042.71
E-MTAB-10485	yes	7432.07
E-HCAD-23	yes	6733.63
E-GEOD-134144	yes	6189.38
E-GEOD-124263	yes	4815.18
E-GEOD-114530	yes	2985.68
E-ANND-5	yes	910.27

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AHR, CEBPA, CEBPG, EGR1, ELK1, ELK3, ESR1, FOXA1, FOXA2, GATA1, GATA6, HNF1A, HNF4A, HR, NFKB, NFKBIA, NR1D1, NR1H3, NR1H4, NR1I3, NR2F2, NR2F6, PITX2, PPARA, PPARG, RARB, RORA, RXRA, SP1, VDR, ZGLP1, ZNF202

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Apolipoprotein A-I alpha -helices 7 and 8 modulate high density lipoprotein subclass distribution (PMID:11744719)
• translocation of cholesterol and phospholipid into the cytosol is related to the apo A-I-mediated HDL assembly in astrocytes through functional association with caveolin-1 and a cyclosporin A-sensitive cyclophilin protein(s). (PMID:11773045)
• Effects of enrichment of fibroblasts with unesterified cholesterol on the efflux of cellular lipids to apolipoprotein A-I (PMID:11805090)
• significance of G—>A polymorphism in gene promoter on serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Japanese hyperlipidemic subjects (PMID:11866037)
• Polymorphisms are not associated with severe aortic valve stenosis (PMID:11903341)
• mechanism for the induction of apoA-I might include PPAR-gamma for which oxidized fatty acid is a ligand. (PMID:11907138)
• Infusion of APOA1 into fasting healthy male subjects activated FVII, increased TAT complex blood levels, and decreased HDL triglyceride blood levels. (PMID:11916081)
• Apo AI/ABCA1-dependent and HDL3-mediated lipid efflux (PMID:11929608)
• individual and combined associations of the apolipoprotein (apo) A-I -75 bp and +83 bp polymorphisms with plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in 734 Caucasian men and women (PMID:12000358)
• APOA1 to APOB ratio is related to myocardial infarction and stroke (PMID:12011770)
• Mutations may be associated with hypertension (PMID:12030900)
• In conclusion, 12% of Hypoalphalipoproteinemia subjects were found to carry mutations in apo A-I, LCAT, or GBA genes (PMID:12048121)
• APOA1 has a varying conformational states as it adjusts from a discoidal to a spherical surface (PMID:12167653)
• Observations of the effects of four mutations in the central region of lipid-free apoA-I (residues 123-165) are consistent with the helical structure of residues 145-164 and the disordered structure of residues 123-142 in lipid-free apoA-I. (PMID:12173940)
• structure-function studies of variants (PMID:12177172)
• additive influence of mutant APOA1 and testosterone on plasma HDL-cholesterol (PMID:12270762)
• Pre-beta apoA-I is formed during cholesteryl ester transfer protein-mediated remodeling of reconstituted HDL, a process in which the phospholipid composition of the particles plays a key role. (PMID:12369845)
• apolipoprotein AI conformation required for systemic amyloidosis is described (PMID:12421824)
• apolipoproteins appear to be a class of mediators that can participate in the regulation of the activity of neutrophils (PMID:12458630)
• study of structural and functional homology between human apolipoprotein A-I and envelope proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in CD4 receptor binding (PMID:12462973)
• APOA1 has a role in regulating ABCA1 expression in macrophages (PMID:12511593)
• Degradation of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and PLTP-generated protein by mast cell chymase impairs high affinity efflux of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells. (PMID:12531890)
• comparison of 5 natural point mutations illustrates that a specific sequence between amino acids 110 and 162 is required for LCAT activation (PMID:12573451)
• Results show that during the early stages, oxidation of HDL gives rise to specifically oxidized forms of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. (PMID:12576517)
• REVIEW: an update on the experimental studies in which apolipoprotein A-I(Milano), produced as a recombinant protein, has displayed important effects in the treatment of vascular diseases (PMID:12642784)
• Apolipoprotein A-II inhibits high density lipoprotein remodeling and lipid-poor formation of this protein (PMID:12690114)
• Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reduced steady-state levels of apolipoprotein AI mRNAs in two hepatoma cell lines (PMID:12692252)
• the structural organization of lipid-free apoA-I and the role of different domains in lipid binding, with comparisons to apoE (PMID:12709430)
• Individuals with this protein are at a higher risk for schizophrenia. (PMID:12722515)
• The spatial organization of apolipoprotein A-I on the edge of discoidal high density lipoprotein particles: a mass specrometry study. (PMID:12724319)
• In an LDL receptor-deficient mouse model of familial hypercholesterolemia, helper-dependent adenovirus gene transfer of human apoA-I causes long-term overexpression of apoA-I and retards atherosclerosis progression (PMID:12742997)
• EPR spectroscopy was used to examine the structure of the apoA-I C terminus in lipid-free and lipid-associated states.Spectra of apoA-I in reconstituted HDL revealed a lipid-induced transition of defined beta-strands into alpha-helices (PMID:12754494)
• APOAI had distinct inhibitory effects on the lipolysis of large and small emulsions: more effective inhibition for small emulsions. (PMID:12782148)
• HDL cholesterol levels were 4% (0.06 mmol/l) and 10% (0.15 mmol/l) higher in heterozygotes and mutation homozygotes; the equivalent values for apolipoprotein A1 were 3% and 7% higher. (PMID:12798568)
• G/A polymorphism of the apo A-I promoter region affects not only baseline HDL-C concentrations but also its response to pravastatin treatment. (PMID:12801612)
• Apo A-I mutations cannot be firmly establihed in samll number of patients with severe HDL deficiency. (PMID:12818417)
• APOA1 has a role in formation of nascent high density lipoprotein particles (PMID:12928428)
• apoA-I activates PKC alpha by PC-PLC-mediated generation of diacylglycerol initiated by the removal of cellular sphingomyelin and subsequently phosphorylates and stabilizes ABCA1 (PMID:12952980)
• the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is involved in the regulation of apoA-I gene expression by estrogen (PMID:14563824)
• Data support the hypothesis of increased biliary catabolism of cholesterol in subjects with gallbladder disease characterized by lower Apo B and higher Apo A-I serum concentrations. (PMID:14567398)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	apoa1a	ENSDARG00000012076
danio_rerio	apoa1b	ENSDARG00000101324
mus_musculus	Apoa1	ENSMUSG00000032083
rattus_norvegicus	Apoa1	ENSRNOG00000045679

Paralogs (3): APOA5 (ENSG00000110243), APOA4 (ENSG00000110244), APOE (ENSG00000130203)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Apolipoprotein A-I — P02647 (reviewed: P02647)

Alternative names: Apolipoprotein A1

All UniProt accessions (3): P02647, A0A024R3E3, F8W696

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). As part of the SPAP complex, activates spermatozoa motility.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer. Interacts with NAXE and CLU. Component of a sperm activating protein complex (SPAP), consisting of APOA1, an immunoglobulin heavy chain, an immunoglobulin light chain and albumin. Interacts with NDRG1. Interacts with SCGB3A2. Interacts with NAXE and YJEFN3.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Major protein of plasma HDL, also found in chylomicrons. Synthesized in the liver and small intestine. The oxidized form at Met-110 and Met-136 is increased in individuals with increased risk for coronary artery disease, such as in carrier of the eNOSa/b genotype and exposure to cigarette smoking. It is also present in increased levels in aortic lesions relative to native ApoA-I and increased levels are seen with increasing severity of disease.

Post-translational modifications. Glycosylated. Palmitoylated. Phosphorylation sites are present in the extracellular medium.

Disease relevance. Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, primary, 2 (FHA2) [MIM:618463] An autosomal recessive disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, biochemically characterized by severe apoA-I deficiency and severely reduced serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Affected individuals have undetectable serum levels of apoA-I, and develop xanthomas and corneal opacities. The disease is generally associated with atherosclerosis and markedly increased cardiovascular risk. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, primary, 2, intermediate (FHA2I) [MIM:619836] An autosomal dominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, biochemically characterized by partial apoA-I deficiency and reduced serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Affected individuals have half the normal plasma apoA-I and HDL-C levels, and may develop xanthomas and corneal opacities. Most patients do not have increased cardiovascular risk. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Familial apolipoprotein gene cluster deletion syndrome (FAPLDS) [MIM:620058] An autosomal dominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. Affected individuals do not produce ApoA-I, ApoC-III and ApoA-IV lipoproteins, have marked plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency, and manifest premature atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The gene represented in this entry is involved in disease pathogenesis. Amyloidosis, hereditary systemic 3 (AMYLD3) [MIM:620657] A form of hereditary systemic amyloidosis, a disorder characterized by amyloid deposition in multiple tissues resulting in a wide clinical spectrum. AMYLD3 clinical features include amyloid neuropathy, nephropathy, hepatopathy, and cardiomyopathy. Inheritance is autosomal dominant. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Polymorphism. Genetic variations in APOA1 can result in APOA1 deficiency and are associated with low levels of HDL cholesterol [MIM:107680].

Similarity. Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family.

RefSeq proteins (8): NP_000030, NP_001304946, NP_001304947, NP_001304950, NP_001412019, NP_001412020, NP_001412021, NP_001412022 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000074	ApoA_E	Family
IPR050163	Apolipoprotein_A1/A4/E	Family

Pfam: PF01442

UniProt features (61 total): sequence variant 33, repeat 10, helix 7, chain 3, modified residue 2, turn 2, signal peptide 1, region of interest 1, glycosylation site 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

31 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7KJR	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.08
9PVY	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.15
3R2P	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.2
9PVZ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.3
8VXJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
9PW3	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.73
8EQS	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.1
1AV1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	4
4V6M	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	7.1
9MXZ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	9.8
1GW3	SOLUTION NMR
1GW4	SOLUTION NMR
1ODP	SOLUTION NMR
1ODQ	SOLUTION NMR
1ODR	SOLUTION NMR
2MSC	SOLUTION NMR
2MSD	SOLUTION NMR
2MSE	SOLUTION NMR
2N5E	SOLUTION NMR
3K2S	SOLUTION SCATTERING
6CC9	SOLUTION NMR
6CCH	SOLUTION NMR
6CCX	SOLUTION NMR
6CLZ	SOLUTION NMR
6CM1	SOLUTION NMR
6PTS	SOLUTION NMR
6PTW	SOLUTION NMR
6W4E	SOLUTION NMR
6W4F	SOLUTION NMR
7RSC	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P02647-F1	73.66	0.02

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (2): 110, 136

Glycosylation sites (1): 263

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

45 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-114608	Platelet degranulation
R-HSA-1369062	ABC transporters in lipid homeostasis
R-HSA-1989781	PPARA activates gene expression
R-HSA-2168880	Scavenging of heme from plasma
R-HSA-3000471	Scavenging by Class B Receptors
R-HSA-3000480	Scavenging by Class A Receptors
R-HSA-381426	Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)
R-HSA-5682113	Defective ABCA1 causes TGD
R-HSA-8957275	Post-translational protein phosphorylation
R-HSA-8963888	Chylomicron assembly
R-HSA-8963896	HDL assembly
R-HSA-8963901	Chylomicron remodeling
R-HSA-8964011	HDL clearance
R-HSA-8964058	HDL remodeling
R-HSA-9707616	Heme signaling
R-HSA-975634	Retinoid metabolism and transport
R-HSA-977225	Amyloid fiber formation
R-HSA-9918432	Maturation of DENV proteins
R-HSA-9918481	Dengue Virus-Host Interactions
R-HSA-9920588	Dengue virus activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses
R-HSA-109582	Hemostasis
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism
R-HSA-1643685	Disease
R-HSA-174824	Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance
R-HSA-196854	Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors
R-HSA-2173782	Binding and Uptake of Ligands by Scavenger Receptors
R-HSA-2187338	Visual phototransduction
R-HSA-2262752	Cellular responses to stress
R-HSA-382551	Transport of small molecules
R-HSA-382556	ABC-family protein mediated transport

MSigDB gene sets: 502 (showing top): GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_LIPOPROTEIN_PARTICLE_STIMULUS, GOBP_ACYLGLYCEROL_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_DIGESTION, GOBP_PHOSPHOLIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ACTIN_FILAMENT_BUNDLE_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_ENDOCYTOSIS, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTERLEUKIN_1_PRODUCTION, PID_HNF3B_PATHWAY, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PEPTIDE, GOBP_STEROL_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_LIPOPROTEIN_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GNF2_GSTM1

GO Biological Process (53): endothelial cell proliferation (GO:0001935), negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response (GO:0002719), phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process (GO:0006656), cholesterol biosynthetic process (GO:0006695), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), integrin-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0007229), cholesterol metabolic process (GO:0008203), glucocorticoid metabolic process (GO:0008211), negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0010804), positive regulation of cholesterol efflux (GO:0010875), negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling (GO:0010903), protein oxidation (GO:0018158), peptidyl-methionine modification (GO:0018206), lipid storage (GO:0019915), regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption (GO:0030300), cholesterol transport (GO:0030301), adrenal gland development (GO:0030325), regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction (GO:0032489), negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production (GO:0032691), cholesterol efflux (GO:0033344), phospholipid efflux (GO:0033700), negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0034115), amyloid-beta formation (GO:0034205), high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling (GO:0034375), high-density lipoprotein particle assembly (GO:0034380), high-density lipoprotein particle clearance (GO:0034384), positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction (GO:0035025), lipoprotein biosynthetic process (GO:0042158), cholesterol homeostasis (GO:0042632), blood vessel endothelial cell migration (GO:0043534), reverse cholesterol transport (GO:0043691), negative regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050728), positive regulation of phagocytosis (GO:0050766), protein stabilization (GO:0050821), negative chemotaxis (GO:0050919), vitamin transport (GO:0051180), positive regulation of stress fiber assembly (GO:0051496), acylglycerol homeostasis (GO:0055090), phospholipid homeostasis (GO:0055091), negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production (GO:0060354)

GO Molecular Function (20): amyloid-beta binding (GO:0001540), signaling receptor binding (GO:0005102), phospholipid binding (GO:0005543), high-density lipoprotein particle binding (GO:0008035), cholesterol binding (GO:0015485), enzyme binding (GO:0019899), heat shock protein binding (GO:0031072), apolipoprotein receptor binding (GO:0034190), apolipoprotein A-I receptor binding (GO:0034191), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803), chemorepellent activity (GO:0045499), receptor ligand activity (GO:0048018), phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity (GO:0060228), high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding (GO:0070653), cholesterol transfer activity (GO:0120020), lipid carrier activity (GO:0005319), protein binding (GO:0005515), lipid binding (GO:0008289), lipoprotein particle binding (GO:0071813)

GO Cellular Component (18): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), early endosome (GO:0005769), endoplasmic reticulum lumen (GO:0005788), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), endocytic vesicle (GO:0030139), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410), very-low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034361), low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034362), high-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034364), spherical high-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034366), secretory granule lumen (GO:0034774), chylomicron (GO:0042627), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), endocytic vesicle lumen (GO:0071682), blood microparticle (GO:0072562), extracellular vesicle (GO:1903561)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-16 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Binding and Uptake of Ligands by Scavenger Receptors	3
Metabolism of proteins	2
Plasma lipoprotein assembly	2
Plasma lipoprotein remodeling	2
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+	1
ABC-family protein mediated transport	1
Regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARalpha	1
ABC transporter disorders	1
Post-translational protein modification	1
Plasma lipoprotein clearance	1
Cellular responses to stress	1
Visual phototransduction	1
Metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins	1
Dengue Virus Genome Translation and Replication	1
Dengue Virus Infection	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein binding	4
cellular anatomical structure	3
plasma lipoprotein particle	3
signal transduction	2
signaling receptor binding	2
binding	2
intracellular organelle lumen	2
cytoplasm	2
extracellular region	2
epithelial cell proliferation	1
negative regulation of cytokine production	1
cytokine production involved in immune response	1
negative regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response	1
regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	1
phosphatidylcholine metabolic process	1
glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process	1
cholesterol metabolic process	1
sterol biosynthetic process	1
secondary alcohol biosynthetic process	1
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	1
sterol metabolic process	1
secondary alcohol metabolic process	1
steroid metabolic process	1
negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	1
regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	1
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	1
regulation of cholesterol efflux	1
positive regulation of cholesterol transport	1
cholesterol efflux	1
regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	1
very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	1
negative regulation of cellular component organization	1
negative regulation of multicellular organismal process	1
protein modification process	1
peptidyl-amino acid modification	1
nutrient storage	1
intestinal cholesterol absorption	1
regulation of intestinal lipid absorption	1
sterol transport	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

3172 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
APOA1	APOB	P04114	999
APOA1	ABCA1	O95477	999
APOA1	APOE	P02649	999
APOA1	APOA2	P02652	999
APOA1	APOC3	P02656	998
APOA1	SCARB1	Q8WTV0	998
APOA1	LCAT	P04180	997
APOA1	ABCG1	P45844	997
APOA1	PON1	P27169	996
APOA1	HP	P00737	996
APOA1	A2M	P01023	994
APOA1	ALB	P02768	994
APOA1	CLU	P10909	994
APOA1	APOL1	O14791	993
APOA1	HPR	P00739	992
APOA1	APOC1	P02654	992

IntAct

184 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
APOA1	APOA1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.970
APOA1	APOA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.970
MAPK6	HERC2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.840

BioGRID (252): APOA1 (Reconstituted Complex), CMTM5 (Two-hybrid), APOA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), APOA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), APOA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), APOA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PDE1A (Two-hybrid), APOA1 (Reconstituted Complex), APOA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), APOA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), FGA (Co-localization), APOA1 (Two-hybrid), APOA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), APOA1 (Reconstituted Complex), APOA1 (Protein-peptide)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1S3EL69, A0A2K5EJU6, A0A2K5QCI5, A0A2K6TRM6, A0A2Y9HRR8, D2HC77, D7PGV9, F7FQM7, F7HUS6, G3QY98, G5BQH5, H0VVW3, I3M072, M3XYN3, O18759, P02647, P02648, P04639, P08250, P09809, P0DJG0, P0DJG1, P0DM91, P0DMA6, P0DMA8, P0DMA9, P0DMB0, P0DMC0, P0DMC1, P0DMS2, P0DMS3, P0DMS4, P0DMS5, P0DMS6, P0DP49, P0DTQ9, P0DTR0, P0DTU5, P0DTU6, P0DTU8

Diamond homologs: A0A1S3EL69, A0A2K5EJU6, A0A2K5QCI5, A0A2K6TRM6, A0A2Y9HRR8, D2HC77, D7PGV9, F7FQM7, F7HUS6, G3QY98, G5BQH5, H0VVW3, I3M072, M3XYN3, O18759, O42296, P02647, P02648, P04639, P08250, P09809, P0DJG0, P0DJG1, P0DM91, P0DM92, P0DMA6, P0DMA8, P0DMA9, P0DMB0, P0DMC0, P0DMC1, P0DMS2, P0DMS3, P0DMS4, P0DMS5, P0DMS6, P0DP49, P0DTQ9, P0DTR0, P0DTU5

SIGNOR signaling

12 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
ABCA1	“up-regulates activity”	APOA1	binding
APOA1	“up-regulates quantity by stabilization”	ABCA1	binding
MPO	“down-regulates activity”	APOA1	oxidation
APOA1	“up-regulates activity”	LCAT	binding
APOA1	up-regulates	cholesterol
APOA1	“up-regulates activity”	APOE	relocalization
HP	“up-regulates quantity by stabilization”	APOA1	binding
JAK2	“up-regulates activity”	APOA1
APOA1	“up-regulates activity”	JAK2
APOA1	up-regulates	HDL_assembly
ABCA7	“up-regulates activity”	APOA1	binding
SORT1	“up-regulates quantity”	APOA1	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 133 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)	11	12.9×	4e-07
Post-translational protein phosphorylation	9	12.2×	1e-05
Platelet degranulation	7	8.3×	4e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

374 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	28
Likely pathogenic	3
Uncertain significance	199
Likely benign	109
Benign	10

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1284381	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.605T>C (p.Leu202Pro)	Pathogenic
17909	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.589C>T (p.Arg197Cys)	Pathogenic
17911	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.391A>T (p.Lys131Ter)	Pathogenic
17917	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.148G>C (p.Gly50Arg)	Pathogenic
17918	NC_000011.10:g.116830247_116836307inv	Pathogenic
17921	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.678del (p.Leu227fs)	Pathogenic
17922	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.322C>T (p.Gln108Ter)	Pathogenic
17923	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.251T>G (p.Leu84Arg)	Pathogenic
17924	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.67C>T (p.Gln23Ter)	Pathogenic
17926	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.166C>T (p.Gln56Ter)	Pathogenic
17927	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.250_284delinsGTCAC (p.Leu84_Phe95delinsValThr)	Pathogenic
17928	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.220T>C (p.Trp74Arg)	Pathogenic
17929	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.539T>A (p.Val180Glu)	Pathogenic
17930	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.43+1G>C	Pathogenic
17932	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.518G>C (p.Arg173Pro)	Pathogenic
17933	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.593T>C (p.Leu198Ser)	Pathogenic
17934	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.595G>C (p.Ala199Pro)	Pathogenic
2137255	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.590G>C (p.Arg197Pro)	Pathogenic
2137256	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.100C>T (p.Arg34Ter)	Pathogenic
2735760	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.494T>G (p.Leu165Arg)	Pathogenic
3236478	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.478G>T (p.Glu160Ter)	Pathogenic
3244706	NC_000011.9:g.(?116691583)(116708103_?)del	Pathogenic
3619394	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.66G>A (p.Trp22Ter)	Pathogenic
3767253	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.130G>T (p.Asp44Tyr)	Pathogenic
4768101	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.200+1G>T	Pathogenic
4812879	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.286T>C (p.Trp96Arg)	Pathogenic
59774	GRCh38/hg38 11q23.3(chr11:116436425-118046231)x3	Pathogenic
7349	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.43+1G>T	Pathogenic
1341582	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.542A>G (p.Asp181Gly)	Likely pathogenic
1687354	NM_000039.3(APOA1):c.364C>T (p.Gln122Ter)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

252 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
11:116836407:TTAGG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:116836408:TAGG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:116836409:AGG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:116836410:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:116836412:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:116836412:CTGG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:116836995:CCTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:116836996:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:116836997:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
11:116836998:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
11:116836999:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
11:116837000:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
11:116837000:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:116837000:CTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:116837000:CTTTA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:116837005:G:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:116837154:CTCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:116837156:CCCT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:116837158:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:116837340:CCTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:116837341:CTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:116837343:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
11:116837343:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
11:116837343:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
11:116837344:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
11:116837344:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:116837344:CCCGT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:116836408:TAGGC:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:116836409:AGGC:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:116836410:GGCT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1750 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
11:116837362:G:T	A9D	0.996
11:116836316:A:G	L99P	0.993
11:116836064:A:G	L183P	0.992
11:116837085:G:T	A39D	0.992
11:116837345:C:G	G15R	0.992
11:116837345:C:T	G15R	0.992
11:116836361:A:G	L84P	0.990
11:116836052:A:G	L187P	0.988
11:116836118:A:G	L165P	0.987
11:116836238:A:G	L125P	0.987
11:116836130:A:G	L161P	0.986
11:116837004:A:G	L66P	0.986
11:116837157:C:T	G15E	0.986
11:116836271:A:G	L114P	0.985
11:116836086:C:G	A176P	0.984
11:116837356:A:C	L11R	0.984
11:116835941:A:G	L224P	0.983
11:116837086:C:G	A39P	0.983
11:116835899:A:G	L238P	0.982
11:116836061:C:G	R184P	0.981
11:116837064:A:T	L46H	0.981
11:116837356:A:T	L11H	0.981
11:116837359:A:T	V10E	0.981
11:116837153:G:C	S16R	0.980
11:116837153:G:T	S16R	0.980
11:116837155:T:G	S16R	0.980
11:116836082:C:G	R177P	0.979
11:116836163:A:G	L150P	0.979
11:116837077:A:C	Y42D	0.979
11:116837088:A:G	L38P	0.977

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000565630 (11:116838663 G>A), RS1001716063 (11:116838365 G>A), RS1001983924 (11:116837874 G>A), RS1008384064 (11:116839564 C>G), RS1008789862 (11:116837591 G>A,T), RS1008830010 (11:116836471 T>A), RS1009109963 (11:116835393 G>A,C), RS1010256143 (11:116839272 C>T), RS1010302160 (11:116838046 C>G), RS1010344925 (11:116838688 T>G), RS1010713557 (11:116835723 C>A,G,T), RS1012274433 (11:116836067 G>A,T), RS1012647228 (11:116835719 C>A,T), RS1013275093 (11:116837480 G>A), RS1013730445 (11:116836865 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:107680 | disease phenotypes: MIM:105200, MIM:618463, MIM:619836, MIM:620657, MIM:604091, MIM:612936

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
familial visceral amyloidosis	Strong	Autosomal dominant
hypoalphalipoproteinemia, primary, 2	Strong	Autosomal recessive
amyloidosis, hereditary systemic 3	Strong	Autosomal dominant
apolipoprotein A-I deficiency	Supportive	Autosomal dominant
AApoAI amyloidosis	Supportive	Autosomal dominant

Mondo (10): familial visceral amyloidosis (MONDO:0007099), hypoalphalipoproteinemia, primary, 2 (MONDO:0032766), hypoalphalipoproteinemia, primary, 2, intermediate (MONDO:0859238), amyloidosis, hereditary systemic 3 (MONDO:0971008), apolipoprotein A-I deficiency (MONDO:0700513), hypoalphalipoproteinemia, primary, 1 (MONDO:0011393), chronic kidney disease (MONDO:0005300), hereditary spastic paraplegia 50 (MONDO:0013048), (MONDO:0100189), AApoAI amyloidosis (MONDO:0019731)

Orphanet (3): Hereditary amyloidosis with primary renal involvement (Orphanet:85450), Apolipoprotein A-I deficiency (Orphanet:425), Severe intellectual disability and progressive spastic paraplegia (Orphanet:280763)

HPO phenotypes

42 total (30 of 42 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000093	Proteinuria
HP:0000518	Cataract
HP:0000622	Blurred vision
HP:0000789	Infertility
HP:0000822	Hypertension
HP:0000956	Acanthosis nigricans
HP:0000978	Bruising susceptibility
HP:0000991	Xanthomatosis
HP:0001084	Corneal arcus
HP:0001114	Xanthelasma
HP:0001399	Hepatic failure
HP:0001609	Hoarse voice
HP:0001635	Congestive heart failure
HP:0001638	Cardiomyopathy
HP:0001640	Cardiomegaly
HP:0001681	Angina pectoris
HP:0001873	Thrombocytopenia
HP:0001917	Renal amyloidosis
HP:0002014	Diarrhea
HP:0002094	Dyspnea
HP:0002240	Hepatomegaly
HP:0002621	Atherosclerosis
HP:0002907	Microscopic hematuria
HP:0003119	Abnormal circulating lipid concentration
HP:0003155	Elevated circulating alkaline phosphatase concentration
HP:0003216	Generalized amyloid deposition
HP:0003233	Decreased HDL cholesterol concentration
HP:0003596	Middle age onset

GWAS associations

63 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000131_3	LDL cholesterol	3.000000e-11
GCST000137_2	Triglycerides	5.000000e-08
GCST000138_5	Triglycerides	2.000000e-17
GCST000139_1	Triglycerides	1.000000e-26
GCST000282_1	LDL cholesterol	5.000000e-13
GCST000285_3	Cholesterol, total	7.000000e-07
GCST000286_6	Triglycerides	4.000000e-62
GCST000289_6	Triglycerides	5.000000e-13
GCST000290_3	HDL cholesterol	1.000000e-12
GCST000300_1	Triglycerides	3.000000e-29
GCST000583_1	Hematological and biochemical traits	9.000000e-10
GCST000584_2	Triglycerides	1.000000e-49
GCST000755_1	HDL cholesterol	5.000000e-47
GCST000758_19	Triglycerides	7.000000e-240
GCST000759_31	LDL cholesterol	1.000000e-26
GCST000760_51	Cholesterol, total	6.000000e-57
GCST000805_4	HDL cholesterol	2.000000e-11
GCST000807_7	LDL cholesterol	2.000000e-06
GCST000809_11	Triglycerides	4.000000e-21
GCST000998_20	Coronary heart disease	1.000000e-17
GCST001230_3	Triglycerides	2.000000e-86
GCST001392_8	Lipid metabolism phenotypes	8.000000e-20
GCST001639_26	Metabolite levels	8.000000e-20
GCST001905_3	Hypertriglyceridemia	5.000000e-35
GCST002145_1	Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis	2.000000e-10
GCST002216_21	Triglycerides	7.000000e-224
GCST002221_7	Cholesterol, total	3.000000e-55
GCST002222_17	LDL cholesterol	2.000000e-26
GCST002223_16	HDL cholesterol	6.000000e-48
GCST002289_10	Coronary artery disease	3.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (10, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004611	low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement
EFO:0004574	total cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004612	high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004529	lipid measurement
EFO:0004723	coronary artery calcification
EFO:0006336	diastolic blood pressure
EFO:0006335	systolic blood pressure
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0004614	apolipoprotein A 1 measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (3)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007676	Kidney Failure, Chronic	C12.050.351.968.419.780.750.500; C12.200.777.419.780.750.500; C12.950.419.780.750.500; C23.550.291.500.906.500
C538249	Amyloidosis, familial visceral (supp.)
C567858	Spastic Paraplegia-50, Autosomal Recessive (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL5984 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

2 annotations.

Variant	Type	Level	Drugs	Phenotypes
rs2727786	Efficacy	3	fenofibrate	Hypertriglyceridemia
rs964184	Efficacy	3	fenofibrate	Hypertriglyceridemia

PharmGKB variants

6 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs670	APOA1		0.00	0
rs613808	APOA1		0.00	0
rs964184	APOA1, ZPR1	3	3.50	1	fenofibrate
rs2727784	APOA1		0.00	0
rs2727786	APOA1	3	2.00	1	fenofibrate
rs11216158	APOA1		0.00	0

CTD chemical–gene interactions

175 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Cholesterol	increases activity, increases export, decreases reaction, increases transport, affects binding (+6 more)	9
Niacin	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases reaction	9
Bezafibrate	affects binding, increases activity, increases reaction, increases transport, increases secretion (+2 more)	8
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases expression, affects cotreatment	6
Simvastatin	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects cotreatment, increases reaction, increases secretion	6
Valproic Acid	affects expression, decreases expression, increases methylation	5
pirinixic acid	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction, affects cotreatment, decreases expression (+3 more)	4
perfluorooctanoic acid	decreases expression, increases expression	4
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression, increases methylation, affects methylation	4
U 0126	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression	3
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	3
Fenofibrate	decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases reaction, increases secretion	3
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, increases expression	3
Zinc	affects binding, decreases expression, increases expression	3
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression, increases abundance	3
bisphenol A	increases reaction, affects cotreatment, affects reaction, decreases expression, decreases reaction (+2 more)	2
sodium arsenite	affects methylation, decreases expression	2
mercuric bromide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
T0901317	decreases reaction, increases secretion, decreases expression	2
GW 7647	increases expression	2
Chir 99021	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression, affects binding	2
Rosuvastatin Calcium	increases expression, increases reaction	2
Ezetimibe	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases reaction	2
Resveratrol	increases export, decreases reaction, increases secretion	2
Acetaminophen	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Acrolein	affects metabolic processing, decreases secretion, affects transport, decreases reaction	2
Ascorbic Acid	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Aspirin	increases expression	2
Cadmium	affects binding, decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Chenodeoxycholic Acid	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2

ChEMBL screening assays

2 unique, capped per target: 2 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL2037796	Binding	Induction of ApoA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in human THP1 cells after 12 hrs by fluorometric analysis	Hesperetin upregulates ABCA1 expression and promotes cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages. — J Nat Prod

Cellosaurus cell lines

2 cell lines: 2 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_C0TY	SiHa-APOA1	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_D6B0	HyCyte Caco-2 KO-hAPOA1	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00073710	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate the Effects of Zemplar Injection and Calcijex on Intestinal Absorption of Calcium
NCT00125593	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Heart and Renal Protection
NCT00132431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	START: Sensipar Treatment Algorithm to Reach K/DOQI Targets in Chronic Kidney Disease Subjects With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
NCT00155246	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Pentoxifylline on Chronic Kidney Disease
NCT00175149	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Active Vitamin D Effect on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
NCT00184769	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Growth Hormone Treatment in Infants Aged 1 to 2 Years With Chronic Renal Insufficiency (CRI) and Growth Retardation.
NCT00190580	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Kanagawa Valsartan Trial (KVT): Effects of Valsartan on Renal and Cardiovascular Disease
NCT00194961	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Effect of Growth Hormone on Leptin, Cytokines and Body Composition of Children With Growth Failure Due to Chronic Kidney Disease
NCT00239642	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Iron Sucrose in Children
NCT00324571	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dialysis Clinical Outcomes Revisited (DCOR) Trial
NCT00364884	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Keto-/Amino Acid Supplemented Low Protein Diet in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
NCT00368901	PHASE4	COMPLETED	STAAR-2 Clinical Study
NCT00369733	PHASE4	COMPLETED	STAAR-3 Clinical Study
NCT00369772	PHASE4	COMPLETED	STAAR-1 Clinical Study
NCT00379899	PHASE4	COMPLETED	ADVANCE: Study to Evaluate Cinacalcet Plus Low Dose Vitamin D on Vascular Calcification in Subjects With Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Hemodialysis
NCT00384618	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Anti-Oxidant Therapy In Chronic Renal Insufficiency (ATIC) Study
NCT00478543	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Loop Diuretics in Chronic Kidney Disease
NCT00632125	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-authorization Safety Study in CKD Subjects Receiving HX575 i.v.
NCT00644046	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention of An-Lo District, Keelung
NCT00719316	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Aliskiren and Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity
NCT00725517	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of a 7.5% Icodextrin Peritoneal Dialysis Solution in Once-Daily Long Dwell Exchange
NCT00741585	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment
NCT00749736	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Role of Vitamin D in Immune Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stages 3 and 4.
NCT00752102	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Vitamin D and Coronary Calcification Study
NCT00756145	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Use of Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Hemodiafiltration
NCT00768638	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Atorvastatin Dose Dependent Reduction of Proteinuria
NCT00786136	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Rosuvastatin Prevent Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Diabetes
NCT00803712	PHASE4	COMPLETED	20070360 Incident Dialysis
NCT00812123	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Calcineurin Free Immunosuppression in Renal Transplant Recipients
NCT00823303	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Paricalcitol Versus Calcitriol for Efficacy and Safety in Stage 3/4 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT)
NCT00830037	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Clinical Trial of Oral Versus IV Iron in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
NCT00852969	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Niacin and Endothelial Function in Early CKD
NCT00858299	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	The Change of Urinary Angiotensinogen Excretion After Valsartan Treatment in Patients With Persistent Proteinuria
NCT00860431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Kremezin Study Against Renal Disease Progression in Korea
NCT00882401	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Vitamin D, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and the Microcirculation
NCT00889629	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pilot Study Evaluating Doxercalciferol Replacement Therapy in Kidney Transplant Recipients
NCT00892892	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Renal Failure
NCT00893425	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Renin Angiotensin System Blockade on the Fas Antigen (CD95) and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Levels in Type-2 Diabetic Patients With Proteinuria
NCT00908310	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-marketing Safety Study in Patients With Moderate Renal Insufficiency Who Receive Omniscan for Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
NCT00958451	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Vitamin D Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients